Neoplasms

Nervous System Diseases

All Conditions

Symptoms and General Pathology

Brain Neoplasms

Pain, Postoperative

Pain

Postoperative Complications

Neurologic Manifestations

Central Nervous System Depressants

All Drugs and Chemicals

Pharmaceutical Solutions

Vasoconstrictor Agents

Respiratory System Agents

Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Antirheumatic Agents

Analgesics

Ropivacaine

Epinephrine

Ketorolac

Racepinephrine

Epinephryl borate

Anesthetics

Anesthetics, Local

Adrenergic Agents

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists

Adrenergic Agonists

Neurotransmitter Agents

Adrenergic beta-Agonists

Bronchodilator Agents

Anti-Asthmatic Agents

Mydriatics

Sympathomimetics

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal

Analgesics, Non-Narcotic

Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors

Enzyme Inhibitors

Patients assigned to the ketorolac group will receive pre-emptive scalp infiltration with 30ml of local infiltration solution containing 60 mg ropivacaine, 6 mg ketorolac and 0.1mg epinephrine.

In the control group, preoperative peri-incisional scalpinfiltration will be performed using 30ml of 60 mgropivacaine and 0.1mg epinephrine.

30ml of local infiltration solution containing 60mg ropivacaine

30ml of local infiltration solution containing 6mg ketorolac

30ml of local infiltration solution containing 0.1mg epinephrine

Fang Luo, M.D

Yitong Jia, M.D

The PAINLESS study is a single-center, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint (PROBE) controlled clinical pilot study to compare the efficacy and safety of pre-emptive scalp infiltration with ropivacaine plus ketorolac and ropivacaine alone for postoperative pain relief in adults undergoing elective supratentorial craniotomies.

Effects of Pre-emptive Scalp Infiltration With Low-dose Ketorolac and Ropivacaine for Postoperative Pain

Effects of Pre-emptive Scalp Infiltration With Low-dose Ketorolac and Ropivacaine for Postoperative Pain Relief After Elective Supratentorial Craniotomy (PAINLESS): a Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

cumulative doses of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) butorphanol consumption from 0 to 48 h postoperatively The primary outcome measure will be cumulative doses of PCA butorphanol consumption from 0 to 48 h postoperatively

The time to first request for patient-controlled analgesia

0 for"no pain" and 10 for "pain as severe as you can imagine"

0 for unsatisfactory and 10 for very satisfactory

1: Anxious, agitated, restless; Ramsey 2: Cooperative, oriented, tranquil; Ramsey 3: Responsive to commands only If Asleep; Ramsey 4: Brisk response to light glabellar tap or loud auditory stimulus; Ramsey 5: Sluggish response to lightglabellar tap or loud auditory stimulus; Ramsey 6: No response to light glabellar tap or loud auditory stimulus.Asleep; Ramsey 4: Brisk response to light glabellar tap or loud auditory stimulus; Ramsey 5: Sluggish response to lightglabellar tap or loud auditory stimulus; Ramsey 6: No response to light glabellar tap or loud auditory stimulus.

respiratory rate \<10 breaths per minute or SpO2 was\<90 %

Spots Global Cancer Trial Database for a pilot study