Neoplasms

Respiratory Tract (Lung and Bronchial) Diseases

All Conditions

Lung Neoplasms

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung

Carcinoma

Respiratory Tract Neoplasms

Thoracic Neoplasms

Lung Diseases

Respiratory Tract Diseases

Carcinoma, Bronchogenic

Bronchial Neoplasms

All Drugs and Chemicals

Antineoplastic Agents

Other Dietary Supplements

Immunomodulating Agents

Nivolumab

Bifidobacterium

The intervention group will receive an oral dosage of 4 x 10\^9 cfu/g/day Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BL-04 strain (Danisco, USA) and 1 gram of maltodextrin (Danisco, USA) in conjunction with the conventional treatment, which consisted of systemic cancer immunotherapy with nivolumab at a dose of 3 mg/kg administered intravenously every two weeks. The immunotherapy with nivolumab will be completed in twelve weeks.

A probiotic strain is provided to the intervention group in the form of a sachet. Patients will be asked to pour the entire sachet into a glass of water (100 mL, room temperature), mix, and drink it every day for 12 weeks.

The plasebo group will receive the conventional treatment, which consisted of systemic cancer immunotherapy with nivolumab at a dose of 3 mg/kg administered intravenously every two weeks. The immunotherapy with nivolumab will be completed in twelve weeks.

In addition to the traditional treatment (nivolumab), the plasebo group will be given 1 g/day maltodextrin (Danisco, USA) as placebo. Maltodextrin will be provided to the intervention group in the form of a sachet. Patients will be asked to pour the entire sachet into a glass of water (100 mL, room temperature), mix, and drink it every day for 12 weeks.

4 x 10\^9 cfu/g/day Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bl-04 for 12 weeks

Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bl-04

Plasebo

Mehmet Artaç, MD

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of a probiotic supplement containing Bifidobacterium animalis lactis BL-04 on the clinical effectiveness of immunotherapy in patients diagnosed with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer who are receiving immunotherapy.

Despite modern treatments, lung cancer remains a leading cause of high mortality worldwide. Over the past decade, significant improvements in patient survival have been achieved with immune checkpoint inhibitors, which enhance the T cell-mediated immune response to eradicate cancer cells. However, therapeutic resistance, drug side effects, and heterogeneous treatment responses limit their effectiveness. Recent studies have established a clear relationship between gut microbiota and cancer immunotherapy. The intestinal microbiota has been shown to stimulate the anti-tumor immune response by modulating immune system cells. Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies indicates that gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the efficacy of immunotherapy and the modulation of drug toxicity. Identifying the microbiota as a potential biomarker could facilitate personalized treatment protocols. Genetic, epigenetic, and microbiota modulation factors are essential for optimizing cancer immunotherapy outcomes. Consequently, research is increasingly focusing on personalized treatment protocols for microbiota modulation, including diet regulation, fecal microbiota transfer, prebiotics, and probiotics. There has been a significant rise in studies demonstrating the clinical benefits of microbial therapy products as complementary treatments.

The functional role of microbiota in modulating the systemic immune response has prompted investigations into its impact on cancer immunotherapy, particularly with agents targeting immunological checkpoints like PD-1. Recent studies have identified both positive and negative regulatory bacteria that influence immunotherapy effectiveness. However, sociocultural and dietary lifestyle differences affect gut microbiota composition, leading to variations between populations. Therefore, studies are needed to identify the unique microbiome composition of each population to develop microbiota biological indicators for cancer immunotherapy. No research has been conducted in this area in our country. Our study aims to identify bacterial species that may serve as biomarkers for the microbiota specific to our country's cancer patients receiving immunotherapy and use them for prognostic purposes.

Understanding the significant role of probiotics in modulating intestinal microbiota has increased the demand for these food supplements. Studies show that anti-tumor efficacy is specific to the bacterial strain. For instance, Bifidobacteriums have been reported to enhance the effectiveness of PD-1 blockers in experimental rat models. In another study, B. lactis BL-04 reduced immunotherapy-induced colitis in animals.

Our planned study will investigate the effect of a probiotic supplement containing Bifidobacterium animalis lactis BL-04 on clinical objective response, clinical benefit rates, and intestinal microbiota in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) receiving nivolumab. The results may facilitate the development of specific probiotic supplements as a complementary therapy for mNSCLC treatment.

The Impact of Probiotic on Survival and Treatment Response in Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients

The Impact of Bifidobacterium Lactis Supplementation on Survival and Treatment Response in Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Immunotherapy (Nivolumab)

The clinical impact of the immunotherapy will be evaluated according to RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors) 1.1 criteria based on radiological analysis.

The progression-free survival (PFS) period will be defined as the interval between the initiation of treatment and the date of radiological progression.

The overall survival (OS) period will be defined as the interval between the date of disease diagnosis and death from any cause.

Microbiota and fatty acid analyses, including acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid, will be conducted on fecal samples."

The concentrations of CD4+ T cell subgroups (Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th1Th17, and Treg) and sitokins (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, TGF-beta, IFN-gamma, IL-36 and trimethylamine N-oxide) will be quantified in the serum samples of the patients.

Health Institutes of Türkiye (TUSEB)

Necmettin Erbakan University

Prof.Dr.

Symptoms and General Pathology

Diarrhea

Signs and Symptoms, Digestive

Analgesics

Anti-Infective Agents

Gastrointestinal Agents

Antiemetics

Hematinics

Emetics

Bone Density Conservation Agents

Irinotecan

Anti-Bacterial Agents

Loperamide

Antidiarrheals

Antibiotics, Antitubercular

Epoetin Alfa

Diphosphonates

Acidophilus

Intervention: Probiotic formula Probio-Tec® BG-VCap-6.5 will be administered at a dose of 3x1 cps per day orally for 6 weeks. No premedication or patient monitoring after administration of probiotic formula is required. Probiotic formula may be taken after meals or snacks to reduce stomach upset. Swallow the capsule or in case of problems with swallowing, capsule can be opened, content mixed with small amount of food. Food must not be hot.

Patients should receive full supportive care during the study, including transfusion of blood and blood products, treatment with antibiotics, anti-emetics, anti-diarrheal agents, analgesics, erythropoetin, or bisphosphonates, when appropriate.

Intervention: Maltodextrin will be used for placebo group and will be administered at a the same dose as active formula (3x1 cps per day orally for 6 weeks).

Patients should receive full supportive care during the study, including transfusion of blood and blood products, treatment with antibiotics, anti-emetics, anti-diarrheal agents, analgesics, erythropoetin, or bisphosphonates, when appropriate.

Each capsule contents: 2 lyophilized probiotic strains, total amount of minimum 2,7x10 9 CFU/cps, ratio LGG®: BB-12® = 50% : 50% (Culture percentages are based on cell concentration and are approximate) Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG® (ATCC 53103) Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12® (DSM 15954) Additives: maltodextrin, microcrystalline cellulose, silicium dioxide, magnesium stearate

Probio-Tec® BG-VCap-6.5

Placebo

Michal Mego, MD

Lubos Drgona, MD

Diarrhea is a relatively common complication in patients with cancer. At its inception, several mechanisms participated; malabsorption on the basis of mucositis induced by chemotherapy, dysbiosis induced by broad-spectrum antibiotics and predisposition to infectious diarrhea in immunocompromised patients. Some cytostatics and their metabolites can also induce diarrhea directly due to effect on the intestinal mucosa.

Use of probiotics in prevention and treatment of diarrhea relies on both the theoretical assumptions and the results of several clinical trials. Lactic acid bacteria involved in the treatment of dysbiosis, compete for substrate with pathogenic bacteria, produce bacterio-cins, increase transepithelial resistance. Their enzymatic activity affects activation or deactivation of metabolites which cause diarrhea. Production of short chain fatty acids, which are important for the maintenance of intestinal mucosal cells also contributes to their antidiarrhoeal effect.

This randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, multicentre trial was designed to evaluate potential of probiotics to prevent grade 3-4 diarrhea in patients treated by irinotecan based chemotherapy during first 6 weeks of irinotecan based chemotherapy

In preventing antibiotic-induced diarrhea in double blind placebo controlled clinical trials it was found protective effect of probiotics containing S. boulardii and Enterococcus faecium. Also in preventing infectious diseases associated with Clostridium difficile, administration of probiotics resulted in a significant decrease in disease recurrence. Duration of rotavirus diarrhea, in children and in immunocompromised HIV-positive patients was significantly shortened after administration of strains of Lactobacilli and S. boulardii respectively.

Meta-analysis of 9 randomized, placebo-controlled trials showed significant reduction in the incidence of antibiotic associated diarrhea in children. Another meta-analysis in which 23 studies were included showed significant reduction in risk of infectious diarrhea. Most of these studies was carried out with the probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG®.

The incidence of diarrhea during treatment of acute leukemia is between 15 to 80%. Severe diarrhea level 3 to 4 is present in 8-20% and is much more common during the induction phase of chemotherapy. In phase II study performed in NCI Slovakia preventive administration of Enterococcus faecium probiotic strain M-74 with selenium was associated with low incidence (14%) and severity (all grade 1) diarrhea, despite the fact that half of the patients received induction therapy. The investigators noted safety of probiotic strain during 370 days of severe neutropenia Gr 3-4.

The incidence of irinotecan induced diarrhea varies between 60-90%, by which the incidence of severe diarrhea is 20-40%. In phase II studies, its incidence was 17% in NCI Slovakia, but irinotecan dose was reduced by 25% in all patients. Diarrhea is an important factor in morbidity and mortality during irinotecan based chemotherapy. Predisposing factors are age over 65 years, ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) PS (Performance status) of 1 and previous abdominopelvic radiation. One of irinotecan metabolites, SN-38 (7-ethyl-10 hydroxycamptothecin), which is glucuronidated in the liver and subsequently expelled into intestine is main cause of diarrhea. Due to the bacterial enzyme beta-D-glucuronidase it is deconjugated in intestinal lumen again. This form causes direct damage to intestinal mucosa associated with malabsorption of water, electrolytes and development of diarrhea.

Reduction of activity of intestinal beta-D-glucuronidase using broad-spectrum antibiotics and/or beta-D-glucuronidase inhibitors is one of the ways to avoid irinotecan induced diarrhea. It is also possible to modulate metabolism of irinotecan using cyclosporine and phenobarbital to reduce biliary excretion of SN-38 and induction of glucuronidation. Promising results were shown using activated charcoal, which has resulted in the absorption of SN-38. Also other methods were tested: oral alkalization, thalidomide, amifostine, but without success. These procedures have been studied only in phase II trials. It is known that some probiotic bacteria, reduce activity of intestinal beta-D-glucuronidase and therefore these bacteria could be applied in the prevention of diarrhea in patients treated by irinotecan based therapy.

Results of phase III study, that was prematurely terminated due to poor accrual showed benefit of Colon Dophilus on irinotecan induced gastrointestinal toxicity. In this trial, 46 patients with colorectal cancer starting a new line of irinotecan based therapy were enrolled. 5-fluorouracil/capecitabine along with irinotecan was administered to 26 (56.5%) patients and 22 (47.8%) patients received biological therapy as well. Patients were randomized 1:1 to probiotic (PRO) or placebo arm (PLA). Probiotic formula Colon Dophilus, was administered at a dose of 10x109 CFU (colony forming unit) of bacteria tid, orally for 12 weeks of chemotherapy. Primary endpoint was incidence of grade 3/4 diarrhea. 23 patients were randomized to PRO and 23 patients to PLA. Administration of probiotics compared to placebo led to a reduction in the incidence of severe diarrhea of grade 3 or 4 (0% for PRO vs. 17.4% for PLA, p = 0.11), as well as reduction of the overall incidence of diarrhea (39.1% for PRO vs. 60.9% for PLA, p = 0.24) and incidence of enterocolitis (0% for PRO vs. 8.7% for PLA). Patients on PRO used less loperamide compared to PLA (mean duration of loperamide use: 4.5 days for PRO vs. 10.4 days for PLA, p = 0.45; mean number of loperamide tablets: 5.9 for PRO vs. 37.7 for PLA, p = 0.49). There was no infection caused by probiotic strains recorded.

Two recent studies in murine model showed, that bacteria in the gut enhance the body's immune response to cancer, mobilizing immune cells to kill cancer cells, not just in the gut but throughout the body as well. The researchers also found that the bacteria affect the efficacy of three different cancer treatments.

Given their low toxicity, good tolerability, probiotics may be an important part of supportive therapy and moreover they can enhance efficacy of anticancer therapy. The objective of this phase III. trial is to determine effectiveness of the probiotic formula Probio-Tec® BG-VCap-6.5 in the prophylaxis of irinotecan induced diarrhea due to reduction intestinal beta-D-glucuronidase activity and further biochemical and physiological actions of specific strains Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12® and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG®, LGG® that are active substances of used food supplement - PROBIO-FIX INUM®. Both of strains are well-documented. LGG® has been studied in more over 800 scientific publications. Studies have found that LGG® supports immunity, enhances antibody formation during viral infection, and decreases incidence of gastrointestinal infections, antibiotic associated diarrhoea, and respiratory infections. In addition to its well-researched health benefits, the safety of LGG® has been more widely studied than any other probiotic bacterium. It has a safe history of use in foods and is extensively documented in more over 200 clinical studies.

The large number of clinical studies and scientific publications indicate that the BB-12® probiotic strain - alone or in combination with other of probiotic strains (e.g. LGG®) - may have beneficial effects regarding the gastrointestinal and immune areas. BB-12® is considered to be best studied probiotic bifidobacteria, described in more than 360 scientific studies.

Prevention of Irinotecan Induced Diarrhea by Probiotics

Prevention of Irinotecan Induced Diarrhea by Probiotics: A Phase III Study

To determine the efficacy (as measured by prevention of grade 3/4 diarrhea) of probiotic formula Probio-Tec® BG-VCap-6.5 given orally to patients with colorectal cancer starting new line of irinotecan based chemotherapy. Response will be defined as prevention of grade 3/4 diarrhea according to definition of NCI CTC version 4.0

Progression-free survival period will be evaluated according to standard protocol.

To determine the efficacy (as measured by prevention of grade 1/2 diarrhea) of probiotic formula Probio-Tec® BG-VCap-6.5 given orally to patients with colorectal cancer during first 6 weeks of irinotecan based chemotherapy. Response will be defined as prevention of grade 1/2 diarrhea according to definition of NCI CTC version 4.0

To determine the efficacy (as measured by prevention of enterocolitis) of probiotic formula Probio-Tec® BG-VCap-6.5 given orally to patients with colorectal cancer starting new line of irinotecan based chemotherapy. Response will be defined as prevention of enterocolitis during first 6 weeks of irinotecan based chemotherapy according to definition of NCI CTC version 4.0.

Safety and toxicity will be evaluated according to NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.0 (CTCAE) (see Appendix D; http://www.fda.gov/cder/cancer/toxicityframe.htm).

Study title	NCT ID	Conditions	Interventions	Eligibility	Organization
The Impact of Probiotic on Survival and Treatment Response in Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients	NCT06428422	Metastatic Non-...	Bifidobacterium... Plasebo	19 Years - 90 Years	Necmettin Erbakan University
The Impact of Probiotic on Survival and Treatment Response in Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients	NCT06428422	Metastatic Non-...	Bifidobacterium... Plasebo	19 Years - 90 Years	Necmettin Erbakan University
Prevention of Irinotecan Induced Diarrhea by Probiotics	NCT02819960	Diarrhea Cancer	Probio-Tec® BG-... Placebo	18 Years -	S&D Pharma SK s.r.o.
The Impact of Probiotic on Survival and Treatment Response in Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients	NCT06428422	Metastatic Non-...	Bifidobacterium... Plasebo	19 Years - 90 Years	Necmettin Erbakan University

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