Neoplasms

Urinary Tract, Sexual Organs, and Pregnancy Conditions

All Conditions

Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Uterine Neoplasms

Genital Neoplasms, Female

Urogenital Neoplasms

Uterine Cervical Diseases

Uterine Diseases

Genital Diseases, Female

Genital Diseases

Urogenital Diseases

Female Urogenital Diseases

Pregnancy Complications

Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications

Firstly, Pre-tests were applied to the women in the experimental group. The 4-week training program created by taking into account the cultural characteristics of the Roma; It includes the Anatomy of Female Reproductive Organs, Anatomy of the Cervix, Cancer, Cervical Cancer, Early diagnosis and its importance, Pap smear test, HPV-DNA test, Cancer Early Diagnosis, Screening and Education Center. Afterwards, music therapy will be applied to the women in the experimental group with the song written and composed by the researchers who emphasized the importance of early diagnosis. At the end of the program, a focus group discussion will be held with the participants in the experimental group regarding their educational experiences, learning experiences for cervical cancer and screening, and program outcomes. Final tests will be made 3 months after the training ends.

First, pre-tests will be applied to the women in the control group. Women in this group will not be intervened and post-tests will be made 3 months after the pre-test.

After the intervention, it is expected that their awareness of Romana cervical cancer will increase, their perception of obstacle towards screening tests will decrease and they will be tested.

Education Program and Music Therapy

İlknur AYDIN AVCİ, Prof

This study, which is designed according to the experimental model with randomized pre-test and post-test control group, will be carried out with Roman women who apply to Yavuz Selim Family Health Center in Samsun province, Canik district, where Roma citizens are densely registered.The population of the study consists of Roma women aged 30-65 who are registered to Yavuz Selim Family Health Center in Canik district of Samsun province. The working group will be composed of 80 Roma women who meet the selection criteria. The turkey in cervical cancer screening taking rate is 50% and 17% to 5% error when Roman population was identified as sample size 62 with power 80%.Since the study will consist of experiment and control groups, each group will be determined as 31 people, and 9 backups will be taken, considering that there may be losses. As a result, the research will be conducted as 40 people in the experimental group and 40 people in the control group.A personal questionnaire prepared by the researcher in line with the literature, Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test Health Belief Model Scale will be applied to the Roma women who apply to Yavuz Selim Family Health Center and who have accepted to participate in the study by explaining the purpose of the research and those who accept to participate in the study. Roma women who are pre-tested will be randomly assigned to the sample pool to be divided into experimental and control groups. Roman women will be divided into experimental and control groups by Simple Random Method.A 4-week training program will be applied to the experimental group. Afterwards, 2 weeks of training will be done through music. At the end of the training, a focus group discussion will be held with the participants in the experimental group regarding their educational experiences, learning experiences for cervical cancer and screening and program outcomes.A personal questionnaire, Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test Health Belief Model Scale will be applied to the experimental and control groups as a final test.

In this study, it is aimed to present an innovative approach in ensuring the participation of Roma women in cervical cancer screenings. For this purpose, music therapy and planned education program will be implemented in order to influence the health beliefs of Roma women.Study design ans setting The research was conducted in a randomized controlled double-blind pretest-posttest controlor the control group. The randomized clinical trial was based on the guidelines proposed by the Consolidated standard of Reporting Trials- CONSORT 2010. The data of the study will be collected in Samsun / Canik District Yavuz Selim Family Health Center between January and June 2021.

A personal questionnaire prepared by the researcher in line with the literature, Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test Health Belief Model Scale will be applied to the Roma women who apply to Yavuz Selim Family Health Center and who have accepted to participate in the study by explaining the purpose of the research and those who accept to participate in the study. Pre-tests will be done to the experimental and control group in a training room in Yavuz Selim Family Health Center. Collection of data will take approximately 15-20 minutes. Roma women who are pre-tested will be randomly assigned to the sample pool to be divided into experimental and control groups. Roman women will be divided into experimental and control groups by Simple Random Method.

Data Collection Tools Personal questionnaire; This form was developed in line with the literature and consists of 18 questions to determine the introductory characteristics of the participants. Personal questionnaire includes age, marital status, educational status, income, employment status, social security, family history of cervical cancer, first sexual intercourse age, first birth age, number of births, use of oral contraceptives, gynecological problems, Training status for cervical cancer will be questioned before.

Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test Health Belief Model Scale: This scale developed by Champion for breast cancer and mammography; Adapted to Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test. The Turkish validity and reliability study was carried out by Güvenç, Akyüz and Açıkel in 2010. The scale consists of 35 items and five main dimensions: sensitivity (3 items), severity (7 items), Pap Smear benefit and motivation (8 items), health motivation (3 items), Pap Smear barriers (14 items). 5-point Likert-type scaling ranging from 1 to 5 in the evaluation of the scale - "strongly disagree" (1), "disagree" (2), "undecided" (3), "agree" (4), "totally agree" (5) - method was used. Each dimension of the scale is evaluated separately and cannot be combined into a single total score. For each individual, points are obtained as much as the number of subscales. The higher the scores, the higher the sensitivity, caring and motivation; It states that the perceived benefits are high for the perception of benefit and the obstacles for the perception of disability are perceived high. Subscales other than the perception of disability subscale are positively associated with Pap Smear screening behavior. The high disability perception score of the individual indicates that the barriers related to having the Pap Smear test are high.

As a result of the research, the data obtained from the personal information form and the cervical cancer and pap smear test health belief model scale will be evaluated in the SPSS package program and will be reported. Descriptive statistics, paired t test, mc nemar test and correlation analysis will be used to evaluate the data. The data recorded with a voice recorder in the focus group meeting will be done by the player. Content analysis will be used in the analysis of the data. Inductive analysis, that is, content analysis based on coding, will be used in content analysis. In this analysis, similar data will be classified under certain concepts and themes and will be interpreted in an understandable way.

Ethical aspects: Study approval was given by Ondokuz Mayıs University Clinical Research Ethics Committee. (Decision No: B.30.2.ODM.0.20.08 / 616-704). All participants were informed about tis study and obtained orat-written informed consents.

Randomized controlled experimental design

Cervical cancer is one of the cancer types in women.

The Effect of the Program on the Awareness of Roma Women on Cervical Cancer

The Effect of Music Therapy and Planned Education Program on Roma Women's Awareness and Health Beliefs Regarding Cervical Cancer and Screening

The scale consists of 35 items and 5 sub-dimensions. Its part of the scale is evaluated separately and cannot be combined into a single total score. Cervical cancer sensitivity sub-dimension consists of 3 items. Hearing score 3-15. The higher the scores, the higher their sensitivity. The benefit and motivation sub-dimension of the Pap smear consists of 8 items. Points 8-40 helpful. An increase in scores indicates an increase in perceptions of benefit and motivation. Cervical cancer health motivation sub-dimension consists of 3 items. Hearing score 3-15. An increase in scores indicates an increased motivation for health. Pap smear barriers sub-dimension consists of 14 items. Scoring 14-70 officer. It means that the higher the scores, the higher the obstacles are perceived. Cervical cancer care / severity sub-dimension consists of 7 items. Hearing score 7-35. Increasing scores indicate an increase in caring / seriousness perceptions.

A focus group discussion will be held with the participants in the experimental group regarding their educational experiences, learning experiences for cervical cancer and screening, and program outcomes. This evaluation will be completed in 3 sessions, separately for each group.

Session titles;

* How did the training and consultancy provided contributed to your learning on the subject?
* How did the information you get with composed music help you learn the subject?
* What are the contributions of this training program to your life?
* How did your experience of music therapy and planned education program affect your awareness of cancer prevention?
* What and what kind of trainings would you like in future trainings?

Ondokuz Mayıs University

Head of Nursing Department

Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases

Skin Neoplasms

Skin Diseases

The sample of this cluster randomized controlled experimental study consisted of 2nd year university students (n=116) training in Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences (FEAS) and Hasan Ferdi Turgutlu Faculty of Technology (HFTFT) from the faculties of Manisa Celal Bayar University (MCBU) between February-Semptember 2019. Among the faculties in MCBU, simple random sampling was used to draw lots, with the first lot being assigned to FEAS as the intervention group (IG), and the second lot being assigned to HFTFT as the control group (CG) . Among seven departments in FEAS and four departments in the HFTFT, simple random sampling was used to draw lots again. The Department of Econometrics from the FEAS was assigned as the IG and Mechatronics Engineering from HFTFT was assigned as the CG. The planned visual education based Health Belief Model was given.

No attempt was made by researcher during the study. Only data were collected. At the end of the study, the planned visual education based Health Belief Model was given and all students continued in the study were given key rings with pictures about sun protection designed by the researchers.

The students in IG were administered the planned visual education based on Health Belief Model for a period of seven months.

The education materials were a PowerPoint presentation, a skin cancer model, videos titled "Dear 16 years old me", "Mr. Sun", a brochure, and 3 posters.

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Planned Visual Education Based on Health Belief Model

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of planned visual education based on the Health Belief Model on university students' attitudes and beliefs toward skin cancer. The planned visual education based in Health Belief Model has possitive effects on univestiy students' attitudes and beliefs toward skin cancer.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of planned visual education based on the Health Belief Model on university students' attitudes and beliefs toward skin cancer. Planned as a cluster-randomized controlled experimental study conducted on two groups (n=116). The study was carried out in Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences (FEAS) and Hasan Ferdi Turgutlu Faculty of Technology (HFTFT) from the faculties of Manisa Celal Bayar University (MCBU) between February-Semptember 2019. Among seven departments in FEAS and four departments in the HFTFT, simple random sampling was used to draw lots again. The Department of Econometrics from the FEAS was assigned as the intervation groups (n=58) and Mechatronics Engineering from HFTFT was assigned as the control group (n=58). Data were collected using The Student Introduction Form and The Health Belief Model Scale in Skin Cancer.

The sample of this cluster randomized controlled experimental study consisted of 2nd year university students (n=116) training in Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences (FEAS) and Hasan Ferdi Turgutlu Faculty of Technology (HFTFT) from the faculties of Manisa Celal Bayar University (MCBU) between February-Semptember 2019. Among the faculties in MCBU, simple random sampling was used to draw lots, with the first lot being assigned to FEAS as the intervention group (IG), and the second lot being assigned to HFTFT as the control group (CG) . Among seven departments in FEAS and four departments in the HFTFT, simple random sampling was used to draw lots again. The Department of Econometrics from the FEAS was assigned as the IG and Mechatronics Engineering from HFTFT was assigned as the CG.

58 students for the CG and 58 students for the IG were recruited for the sample. Power of the study was calculated as post hoc at α=0.05 with a significance of 0.95.

Participants in the study do not know whether they are in the experimental or control group.

PLANNED VISUAL EDUCATION ABOUT SKIN CANCER

DOES PLANNED VISUAL EDUCATION AFFECT UNIVERSITY STUDENTS' ATTITUDES AND BELIEFS ABOUT SKIN CANCER?

ll IPD that underlie results in a publication

Developed by Dogan and Caydam (2021), the scale consists of 26 items and 5 sub-dimensions (perceived susceptibility, perceived benefit, perceived severity, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy). The HBMSSC is a five-point Likert-type scale, and each item is answered from "disagree=1" to "strongly agree=5". The total Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale is 0.86, and for the sub-dimensions it is 0.89; 0.79; 0.77; 0.65 and 0.86, respectively. The "perceived barriers" sub-dimension of the scale is reverse coded. The scale does not have a total score, and each sub-dimension is scored within itself. Higher "perceived susceptibility, "perceived benefit, "perceived severity", and "self-efficacy" scores indicate higher perceived susceptibility, perceived benefit, perceived severity, and self-efficacy

Celal Bayar University

Breast Neoplasms

Breast Diseases

Educational content will be sent to the experimental group once a week via the WhatsApp application, and individual counseling will be provided by answering their questions at the same time. A total of 8 weeks of intervention will be implemented, training will be given with training presentations in the first 6 weeks and training videos will be sent in the last 2 weeks.

The control group will be invited to KETEM to have a mammogram without any intervention.

It is known that the healing process of breast cancer is accelerated thanks to the early diagnosis and effective treatment. Mammography screening is an important diagnostic method in the early diagnosis of breast cancer. It is thought that the education to be given according to the Health Belief Model will make important contributions to developing a positive attitude in breast cancer screenings and regular mammography.

The research will consist of women who have previously applied to Erzurum Cancer Early Diagnosis, Screening and Education Center, had mammography taken, and whose phone records are available, whose appointment has been made since December 2022, and who meet the screening selection criteria. Women who have had a mammography appointment from KETEM and have not taken it yet, request their phone information. After the women were searched one by one to identify those who fit their characteristics and volunteers, they would leave the simple random experiment control elements. During the searches, all women will be invited to KETEM to have a mammogram again. The experimental group will send educational content through the WhatsApp application once a week, and will also answer questions and provide individual counseling. A total of 8 weeks of intervention will be implemented, the first 6 weeks of training will be provided with training presentations and the last 2 weeks of training video will be sent. Feedback will be received after the training presentations are followed through the WhatsApp application where they are read. The control group will not take any action and will be invited to KETEM for mammography. Pre-test and post-analysis phone access will be collected. At the end of the training, he will have the final examinations applied after 3 months. The number of women who participated in the study will be determined by examining the KETEM records of mammography.

The Effect of Training Given by Whatsapp Application on Mamography Health Beliefs and Behaviors

The Effect of Health Belief Model-based Education Given Through Whatsapp Application on Health Beliefs Regarding Mammography and Re-mammography

The Health Belief Model Scale for Breast Cancer Screening and the Mammography Self-Efficacy Scale will be administered to all women in the experimental and control groups for pre-test purposes. There is no overall total score of the Health Belief Model Scale on Breast Cancer Screenings. Each sub-dimension's own total score is evaluated. The scale is a Likert type scale scored from 1 to 5. The scoring of the scale ranges from 1 point for "strongly disagree" to 5 points for "strongly agree". Increasing scores obtained from sub-dimensions indicate that the perception of that sub-dimension is high. Mammography Self-Efficacy Scale has ten items and five-point Likert type. The scale answers "strongly disagree" are evaluated as 1 point, "disagree" as 2 points, "undecided" as 3 points, "agree" as 4 points and "strongly agree" as 5 points. A higher score for each dimension indicates a higher probability of having a mammogram.

Training presentations will be sent to the experimental group in the first 6 weeks and training videos will be sent in the last 2 weeks. A total of 8 weeks of intervention will be implemented. Training content will be sent via WhatsApp application once a week. No intervention will be made to the control group by the researchers during this period. Those in the control group will be invited to KETEM to have a mammogram. Three months after the training is completed, the Health Belief Model Scale for Breast Cancer Screening and the Mammography Self-Efficacy Scale will be administered to both groups for posttest purposes.

Kemal Yaran

Academician (Lecturer)

Blood and Lymph Conditions

Symptoms and General Pathology

Lymphedema

Breast Cancer Lymphedema

Lymphatic Diseases

Postoperative Complications

Nursing interventions group: Home visit, health education At the Intervention group; the researcher made pretest (baseline measurements) before the nursing interventions at the first home visit. The researcher offered education and guide about prevention of lymphedema after the baseline measurements at the first home visit. Second and third home visits were made three and six months after the first visit. At the second and the third home visits, the measurements were repeated, and the nursing interventions were maintained in the direction of the patients' individual needs.

No Nursing interventions group; the researcher administered the pretests at first home visit. The measurements were repeated in the third and sixth months after the first home visit. The researcher also given at the end of the sixth month, all of the nursing interventions, given to the intervention group, for the control group.

Home visit, health education

Ayse Cal, Asst Prof

Zuhal Bahar, Prof

Ilknur Gorken, Prof

Aim: The study was performed to examine effects of Health Belief Model based nursing interventions given at home visits on prevention of lymphedema in women having breast surgery.

Methods: The study had an experimental design. 72 women receiving radiotherapy after breast surgery, of whom 37 formed the intervention group and 35 formed the control group. The study had an experimental design. Data were collected with a personal information questionnaire, Quick-Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Score (Q-DASH), European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life for Breast Cancer 23 (EORTC QLQ-BR23), Strategies Used by Patients to Promote Health (SUPPH), Arm Circumference Form at three home visits at three-month intervals.

Hypotheses of the study

1. Extremity function restrictions will be lower in the intervention group than in the control group.
2. Self-efficacy levels will be higher in the intervention group than in the control group.
3. Functions improving the quality of life will be higher in the intervention group than in the control group.
4. There will be fewer symptoms reducing the quality of life in the intervention group than in the control group.
5. The incidence of lymphedema will be lower in the intervention group than in the control group.
6. The mean cost of the intervention group at home visits, will be lower than in the control group.

What does this paper contribute?

* Nurses can play an effective role in enabling women undergoing breast surgery to acquire behavior of lymphedema prevention. This may reduce treatment costs.
* Future research should evaluate collaborative models of care in general practice aimed at improving lymphedema prevention for women undergoing breast surgery.
* Policymakers should consider introducing funding measures for breast cancer survivors by nurses.

Aim of the study The aim of this study was to examine effects of Health Belief Model (HBM) based nursing interventions offered at home visits on lymphedema development in women undergoing breast surgery.

Study design and setting The study had a single-blind, randomized controlled experimental design. To avoid bias, the participants were not told whether they were in the experimental or the control group. The conceptual structure of the study is given. This randomized clinical trial was based on the guidelines proposed by the Consolidated Standard of Reporting Trials - CONSORT 2010. The study was conducted at homes of patients receiving treatment for breast cancer at a hospital and living in Samsun, a city in northern part of Turkey, between May 2016 and April 2017.

Randomization An intervention group and a control group were formed by using the research randomizer software. The program used random numbers to select participants and randomly assign them to the experimental or control group (100 participants were assigned to each group). Homogeneity test showed no significant difference between the measures of the groups in Table 1 (p\>.05).

Blinding of data collectors and the statistician was implemented in this randomized blinded study. Another researcher who did not know the group assignments coded the data in the computer. After statistical analysis was conducted and the research report was written, the assistant researcher explained the codes for the experimental and control group. Therefore, blinding of data collectors, statistical analysis, and report writing was provided.

Study outcomes Personal Information Questionnaire;The questionnaire, developed by the researchers, is composed of 17 questions about sociodemographic characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, behavior of lymphedema prevention.

Quick-Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Score;Q-DASH is used to determine severities of disabilities in the upper extremities and benefits gained from treatment. It was adapted...by Duger et al. and its cronbach's alpha was reported to be .91. It is a five-point likert scale and includes 11 questions. The score zero indicates lack of a disability and 100 the most severe disability. Cronbach's alpha was .85 in the present study.

Strategies Used by Patients to Promote Health;SUPPH is a self-report scale created by Lev and Owen to evaluate self-efficacy of individuals in development of health promotion strategies. It was adapted by Akın and its Cronbach's alpha was reported to be .92. The scale consists of 29 items. The subscale stress reduction includes the items 1-10, making decision the items 11-13, positive attitude the items 14. Each item is scored from one to five:one corresponds to very little and five very much. The lowest and the highest scores for the scale are 29 and 145 respectively. Higher scores show higher levels of self-efficacy in self-care behavior 29. Cronbach's alpha of the scale was .91 in the present study.

European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Scale for Breast Cancer 23;EORTC QLQ-BR23 was developed from European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Scale 30 by EORTC to measure the quality of life in individuals with breast cancer. It was adapted...by Demirci et al. The scale is composed of 23 items, a four-point scale and has two scales named FS and SS. Cronbach's alpha was reported to be .88 for the FS .66 for the SS. The FS has the subscales body image (items 39,40,41,42), sexual functions (items 44,45), sexual satisfaction (item 46), worry about the future (item 43). The SS has the subscales side effects of systematic treatment (items 31,32,33,34,36,37,38), breast symptoms (items 50,51,52,53), arm symptoms (items 47,48,49), worry about hair loss (item 35). The lowest and the highest scores for each scale are zero and 100 respectfully. Higher scores for the FS show a higher quality of life and higher scores for the SS indicate a poorer quality of life. Cronbach's alpha was .86 for the FS, .80 for the SS.

To calculate scores for the FS and the SS, the total score for the items of each scale is divided by the total number of items and the following formulae are used:FS={1-((((total score for the items)/number of items)-1)/range)}x100 and SS={(((total score for the items)/number of items)-1)/range}x100. The highest and lowest score for the items are four and one and the difference between them, that is, three, refers to range.

Arm Circumference Measurement Form;The form was made on four different sites on both arms:at the dorsum of the hand, the wrist, and 10cm below and above of the elbow. The difference more than 2cm between circumferences of the arms was considered as significant in terms of lymphedema..

Study protocol Oral informed consent was obtained from the eligible women at the initial interviews on the phone. The women who agreed to participate in the study were assigned to the groups according to the research randomizer software. The women assigned to experimental and control groups were planned first home visit and obtained written informed consent was obtained at this visits.

At the Intervention group; the researcher made pretest (baseline measurements) before the nursing interventions at the first home visit. The researcher offered education and guide about prevention of lymphedema after the baseline measurements at the first home visit. Second and third home visits were made three and six months after the first visit. At the second and the third home visits, the measurements were repeated, and the nursing interventions were maintained in the direction of the patients' individual needs.

At the control group; the researcher administered the pretests at first home visit. The measurements were repeated in the third and sixth months after the first home visit. The researcher also given at the end of the sixth month, all of the nursing interventions, given to the intervention group, for the control group.

Intervention Education Material;Breast Cancer Related Lymphedema Education Guide, prepared in light of the literature and revised in accordance with three experts opinions, was used at home visits. The content of the guide was directed towards supporting seriousness and sensitivity of the participants about lymphedema and created by taking account of HBM.

Home Visits;At the first home visits to the intervention group, the researcher met the participants and their families, explained the aim of the study and administered the pretests. The guide was introduced, and health education was given. Arm exercises used to prevent lymphedema were demonstrated and measurement of the arm circumference was taught. Follow-up forms were introduced and from the women were asked to do exercises as daily, make measurements as weekly, and record them in the forms day to day regularly. The arm measurements made by the researcher were included into the analysis. The participants and their families were encouraged to phone and receive counseling about things which they needed. Each home visit lasted 45 minutes on average. Three and six months after the first visit, the patients were phoned and made an appointment. At the second and the third home visits, the measurements were repeated, and the nursing interventions were maintained in the direction of the patients' individual needs (repeat of education, exercises and arm circumference measurement, control of follow-up forms).

At the first home visits in the control group, the researcher was introduced herself, explained the study and administered the pretests. The measurements were repeated in the third and sixth months after the first home visit. The womens in the control group were not told about the nursing interventions, given to the intervention group, during the study period in order to avoid bias. At the end of the sixth month, education and guide about prevention of lymphedema were offered to this group.

Reminders; In the intervention group was sent a message reminding behavior Sample size calculation Before initiation of the study, to achieve 80% power, 95% confidence interval and 0.05 error range, a power analysis was made with G-power software and the sample size was found to be 14 were in each groups. However, a higher number of participants was planned to be included into the study:37 formed the intervention group, 35 formed the control group. At the end of the study, a post-hoc power analysis was made by using primary outcome variables. The post-hoc power analysis score was .98 for Q-DASH, .94 for SUPPH, .67 for the function scale (FS) and .80 for the symptom scale (SS) in EORTC QLQ-BR23.

Study budget The study was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of ... 1002-Short Term Funding Program (number:215S656).

Data analyses Data obtained in this study were analyzed with SPSS 21.0. Multifactorial variance analysis of repeated measures was used to compare the groups in terms of dependent variables, the significance test of difference between two means to compare pretest and posttest measures, one-way variance analysis of repeated measures to compare intragroup pretest and posttest measures and t-test for dependent groups with Bonferroni correction to perform further analysis of the difference between the mean scores of the groups. Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis was utilized to eliminate effects of dropouts from the study, to maintain randomization. To prevent bias the database were analyzed by a statistician who was independent of the study.

Costs of treatments likely to be given for lymphedema in the intervention group and the control group due to the potential incidence of this condition and HBM based nursing interventions to be offered at home visits were made. The costs of the nursing interventions included time spent by the researcher at home visits, transportation for these visits, reminders on the phone, education material and tape measure. The cost of treatment for lymphedema included costs of medical treatment of an individual with stage I/II lymphedema in upper extremities in hospital. It was based on opinions of three experts. To calculate the costs from the perspective of Social Security Institution, prices of services and materials reported in Health Services Bulletin issued in Mar 2017 were taken. The expenses directly made by the patients were determined by the mean value of prices obtained from three national firms.

Ethical aspects Ethical approval was obtained from Dokuz Eylul University (DEU) Noninterventional Clinical Research Committee (Protocol number: 2014/08-19; approval number: 248; date: 4 April 2013 970-GOA) and ... State Hospitals Directorate. Oral informed consent was obtained from the women at the initial interviews on the phone and written informed consent was obtained at the first home visits. At the end of the study, nursing interventions about prevention of lymphedema were offered to the control group.

The study had a single-blind, randomized controlled experimental design. To avoid bias, the participants were not told whether they were in the experimental or the control group.

Health Belief Model Based Nursing Interventions on Lymphedema Prevention

Effects of Health Belief Model Based Nursing Interventions Offered at Home Visits on Lymphedema Prevention in Women With Breast Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Quick-Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Score;Q-DASH is used to determine severities of disabilities in the upper extremities and benefits gained from treatment. It was adapted Turkish by Duger et al. and its cronbach's alpha was reported to be .91. It is a five-point likert scale and includes 11 questions. The score zero indicates lack of a disability and 100 the most severe disability.

Strategies Used by Patients to Promote Health;SUPPH is a self-report scale created by Lev and Owen to evaluate self-efficacy of individuals in development of health promotion strategies. It was adapted Turkey by Akın and its Cronbach's alpha was reported to be .92. The scale consists of 29 items. The subscale stress reduction includes the items 1-10, making decision the items 11-13, positive attitude the items 14. Each item is scored from one to five:one corresponds to very little and five very much. The lowest and the highest scores for the scale are 29 and 145 respectively. Higher scores show higher levels of self-efficacy in self-care behavior 29.

European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Scale for Breast Cancer 23;EORTC QLQ-BR23 was adapted...by Demirci et al. The scale is composed of 23 items, a four-point scale and has two scales named FS and SS. Cronbach's alpha was reported to be .88 for the FS .66 for the SS. The FS has the subscales body image (items 39,40,41,42), sexual functions (items 44,45), sexual satisfaction (item 46), worry about the future (item 43). The SS has the subscales side effects of systematic treatment (items 31,32,33,34,36,37,38), breast symptoms (items 50,51,52,53), arm symptoms (items 47,48,49), worry about hair loss (item 35). The lowest and the highest scores for each scale are zero and 100 respectfully. Higher scores for the FS show a higher quality of life and higher scores for the SS indicate a poorer quality of life.

Arm Circumference Measurement Form;The form was made on four different sites on both arms:at the dorsum of the hand, the wrist, and 10cm below and above of the elbow. The difference more than 2cm between circumferences of the arms was considered as significant in terms of lymphedema.

The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey

Ayse Cal

Assistant Professor

Participants will first receive structured "The Fighting Breast Cancer" training based on the Health Belief Model. Then they will be taken to mammography screening with a free transportation service and will be screened for cancer.

Participants in the control group will not receive any additional intervention. This group will only receive routine intervention within the scope of the breast cancer screening program conducted by the Ministry of Health.

The researcher will invite individuals to the study at Necip Fazıl Family Center and conduct a pre-test application. The day and time for the "Fight Against Breast Cancer" training, which is structured based on the Health Belief Model prepared by the researchers, will be determined and announced to the participants. The training will be held in a single session of 45-60 minutes. Slide presentation and a breast model showing the symptoms of breast cancer will be used as training materials. At the end of the training, it will be announced that free shuttle service will be provided for mammography screening and individuals will be invited to screening. On the specified day and time, participants will be taken to the "Cancer Early Diagnosis, Screening and Education Center (KETEM)" in Mamak and mammography screening will be performed. After the screening, a post-test will be performed.

Breast Cancer Prevention Journey Program Group

Participants in the control group will not receive any additional intervention. This group will only receive routine intervention within the scope of the breast cancer screening program conducted by the Ministry of Health. Health Ministry of Türkiye offers free mammography screening for breast cancer to women over the age of 40. In this context, women are called to the centers by phone and mammography screening is performed free of charge.

Routine Cancer Screening Program Group

Nurbanu Odacı, Master

The aim of this quasi-experimental study is to determine the effect of the "Breast Cancer Prevention Journey Program" on health beliefs about breast cancer in women over 40 years of age who have never had a mammogram before. The research aims to answer the following basic questions:

-Do women who participated in the "Breast Cancer Prevention Journey Program" have different health beliefs about breast cancer than women who did not participate in the program? The researchers will compare the program with routine care to see if the "Breast Cancer Prevention Journey Program" works. The study will be conducted in a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test post-test control group.

Participants in the experimental group will first participate in the "The fight against breast cancer" training structured according to the Health Belief Model. One week after the training, the participants in the experimental group will be taken to mammography screening with free shuttles.

Participants in the control group will not receive any additional intervention. This group will only receive routine intervention within the scope of the breast cancer screening program conducted by the Ministry of Health.

There are two groups: experimental group and control group.

The statistical evaluation will be performed by a person other than the researchers and the experimental and control groups will be anonymized.

The Effect of Breast Cancer Prevention Journey Program

The Effect of Breast Cancer Prevention Journey Program on Women's Health Beliefs Towards Breast Cancer: Quasi Experimental Study

This scale was developed to assess women's breast cancer beliefs (1984) and adapted into Turkish in 2004 (2004). It has a total of 52 items. It is a 5-point Likert-type scale. No single total score is obtained from the scale. The 8 sub-dimensions of the scale and the minimum and maximum scores that can be obtained are as follows; "Perception of sensitivity (min:3; max:15)", "Perception of severity (min:6; max:30)", "Perception of health motivation (min:5; max:25)", "Perception of benefit of breast self-examination (BSE) (min: 4; max:20)", 'Perception of benefit of breast self-examination (CBM) (min:10; max:50)', 'Barriers to CBM (min:8; max:40)', 'Perception of benefit of mammography (min:5; max:25)' and 'Barriers to mammography (min:11; max:55)'. Scale subscale scores are calculated by summing the scores. An increase in score is associated with a positive attitude in all sub-dimensions except the barrier sub-dimension. The Cronbach's Alpha value of the scale is between 0.69 and 0.83.

Study title	NCT ID	Conditions	Interventions	Eligibility	Organization
The Effect of the Program on the Awareness of Roma Women on Cervical Cancer	NCT04756440	Cervical Cancer	Education Progr...	30 Years - 65 Years	Ondokuz Mayıs University
The Effect of the Program on the Awareness of Roma Women on Cervical Cancer	NCT04756440	Cervical Cancer	Education Progr...	30 Years - 65 Years	Ondokuz Mayıs University
PLANNED VISUAL EDUCATION ABOUT SKIN CANCER	NCT05788939	Skin Neoplasm	Planned Visual ...	18 Years - 24 Years	Celal Bayar University
The Effect of Training Given by Whatsapp Application on Mamography Health Beliefs and Behaviors	NCT06238453	Breast Cancer		40 Years - 69 Years	Muş Alparlan University
Health Belief Model Based Nursing Interventions on Lymphedema Prevention	NCT04098783	Breast Cancer Breast Cancer L... Home Visit	Home visit, hea...	18 Years -	Dokuz Eylul University
The Effect of Breast Cancer Prevention Journey Program	NCT06395896	Breast Cancer F...	Breast Cancer P... Routine Cancer ...	40 Years - 69 Years	Lokman Hekim Üniversitesi
Health Belief Model Based Nursing Interventions on Lymphedema Prevention	NCT04098783	Breast Cancer Breast Cancer L... Home Visit	Home visit, hea...	18 Years -	Dokuz Eylul University
The Effect of Breast Cancer Prevention Journey Program	NCT06395896	Breast Cancer F...	Breast Cancer P... Routine Cancer ...	40 Years - 69 Years	Lokman Hekim Üniversitesi
PLANNED VISUAL EDUCATION ABOUT SKIN CANCER	NCT05788939	Skin Neoplasm	Planned Visual ...	18 Years - 24 Years	Celal Bayar University

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