Application of the ONCORAL program of multidisciplinary ONCOlogic interventions between town and hospital (doctor-pharmacist-nurse) for ambulatory patients under oRAL anticancer drugs

Patients in the control group will receive regular follow-up from their oncologist, but no more that the standard care.

Multidisciplinary program that includes informative cessions with a hospital pharmacist about the anticancer drug: information is given to the patients on adverse events and their managements, optimizing drug dosage plans. Moreover, information is shared with town partners: doctor, pharmacists, and nurses.

ONCORAL therapeutic education

In the group of standard of care, patients will have interviews with a clinical research associate only dedicated to the record of data for outcomes assessments.

Standard of care

Catherine RIOUFOL, PharmD

Magali MAIRE

Economic impact of cancer treatments is increasing for years: increase of number of patients (385 000 new occurrences in 2015), increase of life expectancies, chronicization of diseases and increase of therapeutic innovation costs.

Oral anticancer drugs allow the ambulatory turn in oncologic treatments, avoid hospitalizations dues to injectable chemotherapies and improve patient autonomy. In real life situation, these drugs still remain linked to significant drug iatrogenic effects: prevalent adverse events and potentially serious ones, drugs interactions for one other patient, considered as major in 15-20% cases, and non-observance for 30-50% patients.

The resultant care overconsumption and the high cost of new oral targeted therapies appear as a substantial financial charge to the Health related program. Securing oral chemotherapy and their good practice therefore represent a real economic challenge and lead health care professionals to develop town-hospital programs of ambulatory patient's follow-up under oral anticancer drug in response of third Cancer Plan.

Benefice of such interventions are proved on observance, management of adverse events and drug interactions.

However, the effectiveness of these programs has not been evaluated and no studies have been conducted in France.

The Investigators propose here to carry out a medico-economic study of high level of proof of the ONCORAL program. This study will be the first evaluation of the effectiveness of a program for monitoring outpatient oral cancer patients versus usual care.

The results of this study will contribute to the national reflection on the path of care of patients treated by oral chemotherapy, on the assessment of needs and the evolution of the supply of care and its financing.

Medico-economic Evaluation of the ONCORAL Program for Ambulatory Patients Under Oral Anticancer Drugs Versus Usual Care

Medico-economic Evaluation of the ONCORAL Program of Multidisciplinary ONCOlogic Interventions Between Town and Hospital (Doctor-pharmacist-nurse) for Ambulatory Patients Under oRAL Anticancer Drugs Versus Usual Care

Sharing of individual data have not been planned

Efficiency is calculated on the double dimension cost and year of life corrected by quality of life (QALY).

Medico-economic datas will be assessed in parallel of the clinical study. All costs for Health related program will be added during 12 months : nonscheduled hospitalizations due to drugs issues, medical consultations, time spent by the hospital pharmacist, time spent by the nurse, time spent with town partners sharing information, biological or radiological exams done, nursing in town or at home.

The questionnaire is a descriptive system comprises five dimensions. Each dimension has 3 levels : no problems, some problems, and extreme problems. EQ-5D health states, may be converted into a single summary index by applying a formula that essentially attaches values (also called weights) to each of the levels in each dimension. The averages of the EQ-5D-3L scores, summarized and for each sub-dimension, will be calculated in each group at baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months post-inclusion.

Costs of the introduction of ONCORAL program on the Health Insurance budget.

For each patient, the number of oral anti-cancer units really taken by the patient will be calculated from the data obtained by the delivery of treatments (and reported units) in city pharmacy or retrocession. This number will be compared to the total number of units that should have been taken if he had received the treatment in accordance with the marketing authorization of the oral anticancer drug. In each group and for each time, the averages, standard deviations, and quartiles observed in each arm will be calculated.

For each patient, the number of oral anti-cancer units actually taken by the patient will be calculated from the data from the delivery of treatments in town pharmacy or retrocession and reported units. This number will be related to the total number of units that should have been taken if he had received the treatment in accordance with the AMM of the oral anticancer drug. For each reason type of changes in relative dose-intensity, and for the causes of the changes, the proportions observed in each of the groups will be calculated

Adherence will be measured with a 6-item medication adherence scale (adherence will be defined as a score ≤ 2) and the rate of prescription renewal by the ambulatory pharmacy (adherence will be defined as a rate ≥80%).

For each type of adverse event related to SOC oral anticancer, and for each CTCAE grade, the proportions observed in each group will be calculated between baseline and 12 months. The clinical consequences according to the NCCMERP scale will be described; their proportions will be calculated for each group.

For each type of drug interaction (contraindication, not recommended association, precaution of use) related to the oral anticancer drug between the inclusion and 12 months, the proportions observed in each of the groups will be calculated. The clinical consequences according to the DDI Predictor software will be described.

For each type of drug error confirmed and related to the oral anticancer drug between baseline and 12 months, the proportions observed in each group will be calculated. The clinical consequences according to the NCCMERP scale will be described; their proportions will be calculated for each group.

The overall survival rate of the disease will be estimated up to 12 months post-inclusion using a Kaplan-Meier model. A Log-rank test will be implemented to compare overall survival rates between the two groups.

The progression-free survival rate of the disease will be estimated up to 12 months post-inclusion using a Kaplan-Meier model. A Log-rank test will be implemented to compare progression free survival rates between the two groups.

The mean scores in SAT-MED Q (Treatment Satisfaction with Medicines Questionnaire) scale will be calculated for each of the two groups. The Sat-Med Q is a self-questionnaire of seventeen questions grouped into six elements; effectiveness, side effects, comfort of use, the general opinion of the patient, evaluation of the effect of the treatment on the patient's daily life, as well as the quality of the follow-up and the information provided by the patients. The answers are expressed on a scale of 5 points. from "No, not at all = 0 points" to "Yes, many = 4 points". Totaling the direct scores of the items yields a total composite score ranging between 0 and 68. The resultant total composite score can be transformed to a more intuitive and easier to understand metric with a minimum of 0 and a maximum of 100, using a mathematic expression.

The mean total scores and in each dimension of the B-IPQ (Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire) scale will be calculated for each of the two groups. The Brief IPQ has nine items. All of the items except the causal question are rated using a 0-to- 10 response scale. Five of the items assess cognitive illness representations, two of the items assess emotional representations and one item assesses illness comprehensibility. Assessment of the causal representation is by an openended response item. A mixed repeated measures model will be realized to estimate its evolution. The link between variation in disease representations between inclusion and final assessment and adherence, dose-relative intensity, and quality of life will be tested using a multivariate linear regression model.

The total average scores of the BMQ scale will be calculated in each dimension for each of the two groups. A mixed repeated measures model will be realized to estimate its evolution. The relationship between variation in treatment representations and adherence, dose-relative intensity, and quality of life between inclusion and final assessment will be tested using a multivariate linear regression model.

This criterion is in the form of 4-level Likert scales, concerning 3 items (support of the person with whom the patient lives in a couple, support of family members, support of friends and relatives), and for each two-dimensional item (psychological support and material support). Each dimension of each item will be analyzed independently. At each measurement, the response will be compared to that given during the previous visit. A break in perceived support will be considered if the response goes from 3 "a lot" to 0 "not at all", 1 "a little" or 2 "moderately". At each time, the percentage of patients with perceived support disruption will be calculated for each item and dimension, in each of the two groups, and these percentages will be compared. An analysis of the factors influencing the occurrence of perceived support disruption will be performed using a multivariate linear regression model.

The average scores on the Doran TSCT scale will be calculated in each group. A mixed repeated measures model will be realized to estimate its evolution. The link between self-management variation (TSCT score) and adherence, dose-relative intensity, and quality of life between inclusion and final assessment will be tested using a linear regression multivariate model.

The averages of the QLQ-C30 scores, summarized and for each sub-dimension, will be calculated in each group. A mixed repeated-measures model will be constructed to estimate the evolution of quality of life over time and compare it between the two groups.

A description of the number, the percentages according to the Standard Of Care, and a list of the modalities of management of the adverse events grades 2, 3 and 4 reported by the patient in his city-hospital liaison booklet related to the oral anticancer drug will be performed.

The averages, standard deviations, and quartiles observed will be calculated for each category of interviewee on his satisfaction with the ONCORAL program (with the use of a visual analogic scale EVA, from 0 to 10).

The averages, standard deviations, and quartiles observed will be calculated for the patient on his satisfaction with the ONCORAL program (with the use of a visual analogic scale EVA, from 0 to 10).

Number and types of pharmaceutical interventions as part of the city-hospital link according to the ACT-IP score adaptation during the 12-month post-inclusion period

Hospices Civils de Lyon

Neoplasms

All Conditions

Urinary Tract, Sexual Organs, and Pregnancy Conditions

Rare Diseases

Carcinoma

Carcinoma, Renal Cell

Kidney Neoplasms

Adenocarcinoma

Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial

Neoplasms by Histologic Type

Urologic Neoplasms

Urogenital Neoplasms

Urogenital Diseases

Female Urogenital Diseases

Pregnancy Complications

Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications

Kidney Diseases

Urologic Diseases

Male Urogenital Diseases

Renal Cell Carcinoma

Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

PRISM care is a multidisciplinary program that includes sessions with a hospital pharmacist about the oral chemotherapy: information is given to the patient on adverse events occurrence and management, optimizing drug dosage plan, including drug-drug interactions. Physical sessions will be planned at the beginning of month 1, month 2 and month 3 after the inclusion, then telephone interviews of physical sessions will be planned at month 4, month 5 and month 6. During all these sessions and during the final physical session at the end of month 6, data will be recorded for outcomes assessment.

In the group with standard of care, patients will have interviews with a hospital pharmacist only dedicated to the record of data for outcomes assessment. These sessions will be planned at the beginning of month 1, month 2 and month 3 after the inclusion , and at the end at month 6 after the final physical session.

PRISM care program

Catherine RIOUFOL, PharmD PhD

Soumia BAYARASSOU

Remy DELVA

Mélanie TADJ LESAGE

Hakim MAHAMMEDI

Helen BOYLE

Clothilde LINDET -BOURGEOIS

Haide BOOSTAN

Jean-Christophe EYMARD

Fréderic DI FIORE

Aline GUILLOT

Claude LINASSIER

Souad SALHI

The rise of oral targeted therapies favors outpatient care of cancer patients but exposes them to new risks compared to the injectable chemotherapy in the hospital: non-adherence to treatment, inappropriate management of side effects and interactions with other co-prescribed drugs. The clinical consequences (reduced efficacy and potentialized toxicity) are all the more important that ambulatory monitoring of treatments prescribed at the hospital remains underdeveloped due to default of coordination between these two settings.

Adverse drug reactions are a major concern, as such, and because they involve prescription changes (dose reduction, treatment interruption). This results in a decrease in the dose taken and a risk of loss of efficacy.

In the context of metastatic renal cell carcinoma, the risk of iatrogenicity is even higher because the oral targeted therapies available in this indication have a safety profile marked by potentially serious toxicities (hematologic and cardiac toxicity) or are known to reduce the treatment adherence (digestive and skin toxicities). In addition, these molecules are metabolized by the CYP3A4 hepatic cytochrome, which leads to avoid associating them with drugs inducing and / or inhibiting the CYP3A4, because of the risk of toxicity and / or loss of efficacy.

The investigators propose to assess a program set up to secure drug taking by enhancing self-management of side effects and control of drug interactions by the patient. This program includes pharmaceutical visits and involves inpatient and outpatient (doctor, referent pharmacist and liberal nurse) professionals.

The hypothesis of the study is that the PRISM care program will improve self-management of side effects by the patient, resulting in a relative dose intensity of oral chemotherapy improved compared to usual care.

Impact of the PRISM-care Multidisciplinary Oncology Program on Secured Drug Intake of Patients With Kidney Cancer

Impact of the PRISM-care Multidisciplinary Oncology Program Versus Usual Care on Secured Drug Intake of Patients With Kidney Cancer, Through Self-management of Adverse Events Related to Oral Targeted Therapies, Control of Drug Interactions, and Sharing of the Information Between Ambulatory and Hospital Settings.

Relative dose intensity will be computed by the ratio between the overall dose delivered and the overall dose prescribed during the 6 months of follow-up.

Adherence will be measured with the prescription renewal rate by the ambulatory pharmacy (adherence will be defined as a rate ≥80%).

the Girerd questionnaire is a medication adherence questionnaire

Involvement will be described by the number and type of: interventions recorded on a dedicated form, solicitations of hospital staff, treatment modifications realized in concertation between oncologist and outpatient doctor.

Study title	NCT ID	Conditions	Interventions	Eligibility	Organization	Link
Medico-economic Evaluation of the ONCORAL Program for Ambulatory Patients Under Oral Anticancer Drugs Versus Usual Care	NCT03660670	Cancer	ONCORAL therape... Standard of car...	18 Years -	Hospices Civils de Lyon
Impact of the PRISM-care Multidisciplinary Oncology Program on Secured Drug Intake of Patients With Kidney Cancer	NCT02849535	Metastatic Rena...	PRISM care prog...	18 Years -	Hospices Civils de Lyon

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