Neoplasms

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Digestive System Neoplasms

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Liver Diseases

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Bevacizumab

Atezolizumab

Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological

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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab

Hong Jae Chon, MD, PhD

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent causes of cancer-related deaths globally and in Korea. Many patients diagnosed at advanced stage, and systemic therapy is mainstay of treatment in patients with advanced HCC.

However, immune-checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy did not significantly improve overall survival in phase III studies. According to previous retrospective analyses, ICI treatment in advanced HCC showed different organ-specific responses. The intrahepatic HCC was the least responsive organ to ICI treatment. The failure of phase III trials of ICI monotherapy may have been attributed to different organ-specific response pattern of ICIs.

Combination of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab is expected to overcome the immunosuppressive microenvironment of liver and may enhance intrahepatic response of ICI.

In a previous retrospective analysis of pembrolizumab treated patients with advanced melanoma and NSCLC, patients with liver metastases showed poorer PFS compared with those without liver metastases with reduced ORR. Similar observations have also been reported in metastatic of triple-negative breast cancer patients, there were no responses in patients with liver metastases. Taken together the results of previous studies, hepatic metastases had reduced response to ICI compared with metastases at other organs, regardless of cancer types.

In addition, ICI treatment in advanced HCC showed different organ-specific responses. The poorer response rate in liver to ICI might be affected by liver-specific immunosuppressive microenvironment (TME). To overcome the unfavorable immunosuppressive TME of the liver, combination strategies are needed to achieve enhanced anti-tumor immune responses or alleviated tumor-associated immunosuppression.

Since the cause of death in most HCC patients was hepatic failure due to intrahepatic HCC or underlying liver cirrhosis, the response rate to ICI of intrahepatic tumor lesions is a crucial factor in determining the overall prognosis of advanced HCC.

Therefore, we hypothesize that combination strategy of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab may increase organ specific response in patients with advanced HCC, and may improve survival outcomes accordingly.

Objectives We hypothesize that combination strategy of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab may increase organ specific response in patients with advanced HCC, and may improve survival outcomes accordingly.

Organ-specific Responses to Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab in Advanced HCC

Organ-specific Responses to Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab in Patients With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Organ-specific response rate were established to evaluate the heterogenous responses of different organ systems to immunotherapy in previous analysis. We select the largest lesions representative of involved organs (up to a maximum of two per organ and five total). Lesions of each organ were measured unidimensionally. Each lesion will be evaluated according to RECIST 1.1 (CR, complete disappearance or LN short axis diameter \< 1.0cm; PR, ≥30% reduction; PD, ≥20% increase; SD, neither CR, PR nor PD). New lesions did not always indicate PD, and were added to those of the original target lesions to determine the total tumor burden.

Hoffmann-La Roche

CHA University

Study title	NCT ID	Conditions	Interventions	Eligibility	Organization	Link
Organ-specific Responses to Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab in Advanced HCC	NCT04862949	Advanced Hepato...	Atezolizumab pl...	19 Years -	CHA University
Organ-specific Responses to Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab in Advanced HCC	NCT04862949	Advanced Hepato...	Atezolizumab pl...	19 Years -	CHA University

Spots Global Cancer Trial Database for hepatocellular carcinoma, atezolizumab, bevacizumab