Neoplasms

Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases

All Conditions

Breast Neoplasms

Breast Diseases

Skin Diseases

Central Nervous System Depressants

All Drugs and Chemicals

Anti-Arrhythmia Agents

Channel Blockers

Vasoconstrictor Agents

Respiratory System Agents

Anesthetics

Lidocaine

Ropivacaine

Epinephrine

Anesthetics, Local

Racepinephrine

Epinephryl borate

Patients randomised to the Control group will then receive a sham subcutaneous injection of 0.5ml normal saline injected at the same site as the ESP block (see above) under ultrasound guidance to stimulate a real block procedure.

Local anaesthetic infiltration utilising 1% lidocaine will occur, and an 80mm 22G block needle will be inserted using an in-plane cranial to caudad approach, the needle will be advanced to target the interfascial plane deep to the erector spinae muscle at the T2 transverse process. Once the needle tip is in the correct position, 20 ml of the local anaesthetic (ropivacaine 0.5% with 1:400,000 epinephrine) will be administered slowly in 5 ml aliquots under frequent aspiration and correct spread in the interfascial plane will be observed.

80mm 22G block needle will be inserted using an in-plane cranial to caudad approach, the needle will be advanced to target the interfascial plane deep to the erector spinae muscle at the T2 transverse process. Once the needle tip is in the correct position, 20 ml of the local anaesthetic (ropivacaine 0.5% with 1:400,000 epinephrine) will be administered slowly in 5 ml aliquots under frequent aspiration and correct spread in the interfascial plane will be observed.

Erector spinae plane block

Patients randomised to the Control group will then receive a sham subcutaneous injection of 0.5ml normal saline injected at the same site as the ESP block under ultrasound guidance to stimulate a real block procedure.

Placebo Block

Didem Bozak

Richard Brull, MD

Richard Brull, MD,FRCPC

Regional anaesthesia combined with general anaesthesia has become common in the perioperative management of breast cancer surgery patients. Regional techniques have been recognised to provide excellent post-operative analgesia. It enhances multi-modal analgesia regimes while being opioid sparing, reducing incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting and allowing earlier mobilisation/discharge and improving treatment success. Therefore identifying the correct regional anaesthetic technique for this group of patients is important in providing optimum peri-operative care.

The ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane (ESP) block has been recently described for the successful management of thoracic neuropathic pain. The erector spinae muscle is formed by the spinalis, longissimus thoracis, and iliocostalis muscles that run vertically in the back. The ESP block is performed by depositing the local anaesthetic in the fascial plane, deep to the erector spinae muscle, at the tip of the transverse process of the vertebra. Indirect access to the paravertebral space is gained providing analgesia without the risk of needle injury to structures in close proximity. Cadaveric studies have shown both ventral and dorsal rami of thoracic spinal nerves are affected when local anaesthetic is injected deep to the erector spinae muscle. The erector spinae muscle extends along the thoracolumbar spine allowing extensive cranio-caudal spread. The ventral ramus (intercostal nerve) is divided into the anterior and lateral branches. Its terminal branches provide the sensory innervation of the entire anterolateral wall. The dorsal ramus is divided into 2 terminal branches and it gives the sensory innervation to the posterior wall. Anterior spread of the local anaesthetic to the paravertebral space through the costotransverse foramina and the intertransverse complex provides both visceral and somatic analgesia.

While recent evidence supports statistically significant reductions in pain and opioid consumption among patients who receive an ESP block compared to systemic analgesia alone, the clinical significance of these differences are questionable the effect of ESP block on the patients' quality of recovery following ambulatory breast cancer surgery remains unclear.

Therefore, our objective is to determine whether or not the addition of an ESP block provides both superior analgesia and quality of recovery in patients undergoing ambulatory breast cancer surgery compared to systemic analgesia alone. We hypothesis that patients who received a preoperative ESP block will afford superior postoperative analgesia and improve the quality of recovery over the first 24 hours following surgery compared to those who receive a sham block for their ambulatory breast cancer surgery.

This will be a prospective, double-blinded, randomised controlled trial conducted at Women's College Hospital. The study will enroll patients undergoing unilateral breast cancer surgery involving sentinel lymph node biopsy, axillary lymph node dissection and total axillary lymph node clearance. After obtaining written informed consent from eligible patients, study participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups, the Erector spinae block group and the Control group.

Blinded for patient, assessor, anesthesiologist in the operating room

Erector Spinae Block vs. Placebo Block Study

Quality of Recovery Scores Following Erector Spinae Block vs. Sham Block in Ambulatory Breast Cancer Surgery: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Following breast surgery, measured as an area under the curve (AUC) of rest pain scores VAS scale where 0 corresponds to no pain, and 10 corresponds to worst pain imaginable

Quality of recovery at 24 hours: questionnaire (0-10, where 0 = none of the time \[poor\] and 10 = all of the time \[excellent\])

VAS scale where 0 corresponds to no pain, and 10 corresponds to worst pain imaginable

Cumulative oral morphine equivalent after surgery

How fast is the recovery is-expressed in minutes

Risk of opioid-related side effects(nausea, vomiting, pruritis)

Satisfaction with pain management. Is prescribed pain medication enough?

bruising at injection site, numbness over lateral chest, weakness of shoulder or arm, pain/swelling at injection site

Women's College Hospital

The pre-surgery block will be applied. Sensorial block will be evaluated at the surgical incision site with the pinpirick test at 30 minutes after the block, and if the block is successful, surgery will begin.

serratus anterior block and PECs II block combination

gamze MD ertaş, specialist

Aim of this study is to determine the success of combined serratus anterior and PECS-2 block as the main anesthetic method in breast cancer surgery and also to investigate the patient acceptability of this combination and its relationship with surgeon satisfaction.

Breast conserving surgery or mastectomy is applied in the surgical treatment of breast cancer. Axillary interventions range from sentinal lymph node biopsy to lymph node dissection. Clinically significant acute pain develops following breast surgery in 35% of patients.

Today, regional anesthesia is widely used as an opioid-sparing strategy in the treatment of acute postoperative pain. New fascial plane blocks have been developed as alternative or complementary techniques for chest wall analgesia, including pectoral nerve blocks (PECS1-2) and serratus plane block.

In order to reduce the risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality and to meet the patient demand, the demand for awake surgery is increasing in institutions.

Therefore, a prospective observational case series was conducted to explain the efficacy, patient acceptability, and surgeon satisfaction of combined serratus anterior and PECS-2 block as the main anesthetic method for breast cancer surgery.

Combination of Serratus Anterior and Pectoral Nerve Blocks (PECS II) as Main Anesthetic Method in Breast Cancer Surgery

Feasibilty of Serratus Anterior and Pectoral Nerve Blocks (PECS II) Combination as Main Anesthetic Method in Breast Cancer Surgery Patients

After confirming the sensory block in the surgical area with the post-procedure pinpirick test, successful completion of the surgical procedure 'without the need for deep sedoanalgesia' will be considered 'sufficient surgical anesthesia'.

Changes in Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) at rest and on movement will be recorded at intervals. NRS is a unidimensional measure of pain intensity in adults. The NRS is a segmented numeric version of the visual analog scale (VAS) in which a respondent selects a whole number (0-10 integers) that best reflects the intensity of his/her pain. The 11-point numeric scale ranges from '0' representing one pain extreme (e.g. "no pain") to '10' representing the other pain extreme (e.g. "pain as bad as you can imagine" or "worst pain imaginable").

Postoperative Quality of Recovery 15 in Turkish scale

In the postoperative period, patients will be given opioids according to their pain density with a patient-controlled device, and the daily Morphine consumption in Patient Controlled Analgesia device will be collected

1. Oriente, eyes may be closed, but says his name, answers where he is
2. Sleepy, eyes may be closed, can be warned when called by name
3. Can be stimulated by mild physical stimulation (earlobe)
4. Cannot be stimulated by mild physical stimulation

Are you satisfied with the anesthesia? Would you like to have surgery with the same technique again? Would you recommend it to others?

1. Extremely satisfied,
2. Satisfied,
3. Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied,
4. Not satisfied,
5. It will be calculated by responding as highly dissatisfied.

Working conditions scaling

Indistinguishable from general anesthesia A little challenging/enough It will be determined by choosing one of the overly challenging/inadequate options.

Study title	NCT ID	Conditions	Interventions	Eligibility	Organization
Erector Spinae Block vs. Placebo Block Study	NCT03978780	Breast Cancer Nerve Block Regional Anesth... Neuromuscular B...	Erector spinae ... Placebo Block	18 Years - 65 Years	Women's College Hospital
Combination of Serratus Anterior and Pectoral Nerve Blocks (PECS II) as Main Anesthetic Method in Breast Cancer Surgery	NCT05427292	Anesthesia	serratus anteri...	18 Years - 80 Years	Samsun University
Combination of Serratus Anterior and Pectoral Nerve Blocks (PECS II) as Main Anesthetic Method in Breast Cancer Surgery	NCT05427292	Anesthesia	serratus anteri...	18 Years - 80 Years	Samsun University
Erector Spinae Block vs. Placebo Block Study	NCT03978780	Breast Cancer Nerve Block Regional Anesth... Neuromuscular B...	Erector spinae ... Placebo Block	18 Years - 65 Years	Women's College Hospital

Spots Global Cancer Trial Database for interfascial plane block