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Cola

All patients with operable colon cancer who will undergo laparoscopic conventional colectomy

All patients with operable colon cancer who will undergo laparoscopic complete mesocolic excision

Laparoscopic colectomy with only lymph node dissection up to level 2 lymph nodes D2.

laparoscopic conventional colectomy

Laparoscopic colectomy with lymphovascular dissection from level 3 lymph nodes or more D3.

laparoscopic complete mesocolic excision

Ahmed E Ahmed, Professor

Mena Z Helmy, Ass prof.

Mostafa F Mohammed, Ass lecturer

The investigators will assess and compare Surgical, pathological and oncological outcomes between two laparoscopic procedures conventional colectomy versus complete mesocolic excision for operable colon cancer cases in Upper Egypt

Colon cancer is considered a huge clinical surgical burden accounting for 10% of cancer cases and deaths all over the world with consideration that surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy(if indicated) are the main lines of treatment .

When Werner Hohenberger and colleagues described complete mesocolic excision (CME) in 2009; resection along the embryological and lymphovascular planes with appropriate resection margins, they did it for years before describing it with suggestion of improved disease outcomes and overall survival compared to the conventional colectomy (CC).

The principles of CME were described after the significant improvement of rectal adenocarcinoma surgical outcomes with establishment of total mesorectal excision (TME) in which tumor resection is associated with dissection of mesorectal fascial embryologic and lymphovascular planes.

CME includes the same principles of the CC with maximizing lymph node dissection level into (D3 extended lymphadenectomy instead of D1 and D2 in conventional colectomy) and central vascular ligation (CVL) of the main feeding vessel(s) at their origin, with suggested improved disease-free and overall survival with suggested superior pathological and oncological results in the specimen.

Some surgeons consider that CME; with D3 extended lymphadenectomy and CVL is the optimal or standard surgical method in primary cancer colon based on suggested reduced local recurrence and improved disease-free and overall survival.

Although CME has a theoretical advantages and promising early results, it is not widely adopted as the standard in some areas. CME is technically more demanding than CC and suggested to be associated with more intraoperative visceral injuries and non-surgical complications and many doubts persist about safety and efficacy of the procedure.

The questions of interest and research, should CME be regarded as the optimal procedure for colon cancer cases? And also another question; is conventional colectomy suboptimal?

Comparison Between Results of 2 Laparoscopic Surgical Procedures in Operable Colon Cancer Cases in Upper Egypt

Surgical, Pathological and Oncological Outcomes of Laparoscopic Conventional Colectomy Versus Complete Mesocolic Excision for Operable Colon Cancer Cases in Upper Egypt

It is not yet known if there will be a plan to make IPD available.

Histopathological examination of the resected colon with lymph node status and number

Amount in cubic cm and nature of it with its management

Yes/No with Reporting the postoperative complications; according to the Clavien-Dindo Grading System

Reporting operative time with measurements in minutes

Yes/No with measurement in Cubic Cm and how managed

According to primary tumor, regional nodes, metastasis (TNM) staging system

Reporting Yes/No with amount in cm3 and management

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level by ng/mL

Type of anastomosis (intra- or extracorporeal)

cecum, appendix, ascending colon, hepatic flexure or at splenic flexure, transverse and descending colon and sigmoid colon

Yes/No Cardiopulmonary complications type and how managed

Sohag University

assistant lecturer of general surgery

In laparoscopic right colectomy subgroup, the patient will be placed in a lithotomy position. Entrance in the peritoneal cavity will be completed via the open Hasson method. Overall, 4 ports will be used: 10mm at the umbilicus for optical entry, 12mm in the left midclavicular line below the umbilicus as the main working port, 5mm at the McBurney point, and 5mm between the umbilicus and the xiphoid process. Dissection of the peritoneal fold, under the terminal ileum, will be performed based on the medial to lateral approach. Similar to the open approach, the ileocolic vessels, as well as the right branches of the middle colic will be ligated at their origin for cecal and proximal ascending tumors. For hepatic flexure cancers, the medial colic vessels will be ligated. The ileocolic anastomosis will be completed either intracorporeally or extracorporeally, using staples or sutures.

In the open right colectomy group, the operation will start with a midline incision and dissection based on the lateral to medial approach. The lateral peritoneal fold along Toldt's line will be incised and the ascending colon will be mobilized from the retroperitoneum according to the embryological dissection planes. Dissection will continue until the anterior surface of the superior mesenteric vessels at the third duodenal part. Ileocolic and right colic vessels will be ligated at their origins. For hepatic flexure tumors, the middle colic vessels will be also ligated at their origin. The ileocolic anastomosis will be performed using an automatic stapler. The anastomosis will be completed either with staples or sutures.

Resection of the ascending colon via a laparoscopic approach, adhering to the CME principles

Laparoscopic right colectomy

Resection of the ascending colon via an open approach, adhering to the CME principles

Open right colectomy

Konstantinos Perivoliotis, MD

George Tzovaras, Prof

George Tzovaras, Professor

Ioannis Baloyiannis, Prof

The purpose of this research protocol is to compare open versus laparoscopic right colectomy (according to the CME technique of complete mesocolic excision) for right colon cancer. This study will be designed as a prospective randomized controlled trial. The comparison of the two techniques will include endpoints regarding the quality characteristics of the specimens and the oncological results. In addition, the effectiveness of the two methods will be evaluated in terms of the early and late postoperative period.

Colorectal cancer is the third and second most common malignancy in male and female patients, respectively, with up to 1.8 million new cases and 860,000 deaths per year.

Anterior resection with total mesorectal excision (TME) was first proposed by Heald in 1982 and is currently the gold standard surgical technique for middle and lower rectal cancer. Heald considered that the metastatic spread of the tumor occurs through micro-implantations in the lymph node network of the mesorectum, and much less through horizontal intramural infiltration, and thus defined rectal resection margins at 5cm or even 2cm for well-differentiated neoplasms. Therefore, he suggested that mesorectum displays a greater risk for micro-metastatic disease and should be removed en-bloc with intact resection margins.

Similarly in 2009, Hohenberger proposed the complete mesocolon excision (CME) concept for the treatment of colon cancer, based on the respective embryological development anatomical planes. After analyzing a large cohort of patients, he concluded that this operation type leads to a significant reduction in the local recurrence and an increase in the overall survival rates.

Hohenberger proposed open CME as the optimal surgical technique for colon cancer, under the premise that the following principles are met:

* Dissection of Toldt's fascia and mesocolon preservation
* Central vascular ligation
* Extensive locoregional lymph node dissection CME technique, as described by Hohenberger in 2008, is an extension of Heald's TME and it is based on the sharp dissection and separation of the visceral fascia that surrounds the colon from the parietal fascia. The aim is to fully mobilize the colon and the corresponding mesocolon, which is surrounded bilaterally by sheets of visceral fascia. This ensures the complete resection of the tumor and the corresponding lymph nodes. At the same time, central vascular ligation allows the dissection of the apical lymph nodes.

There are three resection planes: the mesocolic, intramesocolic and muscularis propria plane. The ideal resection plane is the mesocolic, in which the colon is removed, along with the entire mesocolon and all the venous and lymphatic tissue, without violating the visceral fascia. Surgical specimens categorized into either of the other two resection planes are associated with reduced R0 resection rates and with reduced overall survival. Characteristically, the muscularis propria resection plane has been associated with up to 15% reduced survival rate compared to the mesocolic plane.

There are specific morphometric characteristics of surgical specimens that are used to assess their quality. These include tumor and proximal colon high vascular ligation distance, number of lymph nodes, length of resected small bowel and colon, and total area of the mesocolon. These characteristics are directly related to the number of harvested lymph nodes and, therefore, to overall survival.

According to initial results, CME specimens were larger in size, contained a longer length of colon, a larger mesenteric surface and a greater number of lymph nodes compared to the standard colectomy specimens. In addition, a greater distance of the tumor from the resection margins was highlighted. Specifically for right colon cancers, recent publications have shown that CME can achieve better morphometric specimen characteristics and a greater number of lymph nodes. In a recent randomized study, Di Buono et al. compared the completion of CME or not, during laparoscopic right colectomy. A significant difference was found in favor of CME, regarding the specimen length and the lymph node harvest.

Despite these, the literature evidence regarding the morphological and qualitative characteristics of laparoscopic and open CME specimens are still inconclusive. Specifically for right colectomies, in the comparative study by Gouvas et al., it was observed that the percentage of the mesocolic resection level was 100% in open colectomy, in contrast to 85.7% in the laparoscopic approach. However, this difference was not statistically significant. In a retrospective study by Ali Koc et al., no difference was found between open and laparoscopic CME in terms of specimen length, R0 resection rate and number of resected lymph nodes. A recent publication by Ali Zedan et al., argued that open CME is associated with longer specimens, larger mesenteric area, and increased resection margins. Another interesting finding was that the number of lymph nodes and the distance of the ligation site were greater in the laparoscopic CME group. However, the meta-analysis by Anania et al. failed to validate any difference between the two methods in the total number of lymph nodes. Finally, a comparative analysis of our own series of patients did not show superiority of one technique over the other in terms of resection level, specimen length and number of lymph nodes.

Additional qualitative characteristics of a colon cancer operation include operative time, intraoperative blood loss, time of bowel function recovery, length of postoperative hospital stay, postoperative complications, as well as overall survival and local recurrence rate. In a recent meta-analysis by Anania et al. applying the principles of CME to right colectomies did not affect the rates of postoperative leaks, bleeding, overall complications, and reoperations. However, CME right colectomy was associated with optimal results in terms of 3-year overall survival and 5-year disease-free survival.

Regarding the application of laparoscopy principles to CME colectomies, previous studies have confirmed that it is a technique with optimal results, such as faster postoperative recovery, shorter hospital stay, and lower morbidity. There is agreement between studies regarding the perioperative benefits of laparoscopic CME right colectomy versus the open method. According to Huang et al., the length of operative time between the two techniques was comparable. Laparoscopic right colectomy was associated with significantly lower intraoperative blood loss and faster initiation of feeding. In addition, these patients were discharged earlier compared to their counterparts in the open colectomy group. Moreover, no differences were observed in complication and local recurrence rates. These findings were also confirmed by the comparative study of Sheng et al., where the application of the minimally invasive technique resulted in lower levels of postoperative pain, and faster recovery. Accordingly, Shin et al., applying propensity score analysis, to remove possible confounding factors, in a sample of 2249 right colectomies and found that the technique is an independent predictor for 5-year disease-free survival. Pooled data from Anania et al., confirmed the superiority of laparoscopic CME in the rates of postoperative complications, intraoperative bleeding, and length of hospital stay. These are also in accordance with our own experience, where a significant benefit of the laparoscopic approach was shown in the duration of hospitalization and septic complications, at the cost of prolonged surgical time.

The study will employ a prospective, parallel randomized-controlled design

There will be no blindness at the level of the patient, the treating physicians (surgeon, anesthesiologist) and the researcher who will record the data.

Laparoscopic Versus Open Right Colectomy for Right Colon Cancer

Comparison of Laparoscopic Versus Open Right Colectomy for Right Colon Cancer, According to the Complete Mesocolic Excision (CME) Principles: a Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial

Occurrence of Mesocolic Resection Plane. If such an episode occurs, then it will be defined as=1 'YES' If such an episode does not occur, then it will be defined as=0 'NO'

Occurrence of Open Conversion. If such an episode occurs, then it will be defined as=1 'YES' If such an episode does not occur, then it will be defined as=0 'NO'

The total operative time will be recorded. Measurement unit: minutes

Occurrence of Stapled or Handsewn Anastomosis. If such an episode occurs, then it will be defined as=1 'YES' If such an episode does not occur, then it will be defined as=0 'NO'

Occurrence of Intraoperative Transfusion. If such an episode occurs, then it will be defined as=1 'YES' If such an episode does not occur, then it will be defined as=0 'NO'

Occurrence of Postoperative Complication. If such an episode occurs, then it will be defined as=1 'YES' If such an episode does not occur, then it will be defined as=0 'NO'

Postoperative time until the recovery of bowel function is achieved. Measurement unit: days

Postoperative time that the patient can be safely discharged. Measurement unit: days. The patient will be discharged, when it is ensured that is medically safe to be released. In particular, as the exit time of the patient, will be regarded the time that the patient will fulfil the Clinical Discharge Criteria

Occurrence of Negative Resection Margin. If such an episode occurs, then it will be defined as=1 'YES' If such an episode does not occur, then it will be defined as=0 'NO'

Occurrence of Local Recurrence. If such an episode occurs, then it will be defined as=1 'YES' If such an episode does not occur, then it will be defined as=0 'NO'

Occurrence of Disease Free Survival. If such an episode occurs, then it will be defined as=1 'YES' If such an episode does not occur, then it will be defined as=0 'NO'

Occurrence of Overall Survival. If such an episode occurs, then it will be defined as=1 'YES' If such an episode does not occur, then it will be defined as=0 'NO'

Study title	NCT ID	Conditions	Interventions	Eligibility	Organization
Comparison Between Results of 2 Laparoscopic Surgical Procedures in Operable Colon Cancer Cases in Upper Egypt	NCT05421702	Colon Cancer St... Colon Cancer St...	laparoscopic co... laparoscopic co...	-	Sohag University
Laparoscopic Versus Open Right Colectomy for Right Colon Cancer	NCT05713903	Colon Cancer	Laparoscopic ri... Open right cole...	18 Years - 90 Years	Larissa University Hospital
Laparoscopic Versus Open Right Colectomy for Right Colon Cancer	NCT05713903	Colon Cancer	Laparoscopic ri... Open right cole...	18 Years - 90 Years	Larissa University Hospital

Spots Global Cancer Trial Database for mesocolic

Every month we try and update this database with for mesocolic cancer trials from around the world to help patients and their families find trials that might be right for them.
We offer this 100% free of charge and do not endorse any of the trials listed here, we hope it helps you or a loved one.

Spots Global Cancer Trial Database for mesocolic

Every month we try and update this database with for mesocolic cancer trials from around the world to help patients and their families find trials that might be right for them. We offer this 100% free of charge and do not endorse any of the trials listed here, we hope it helps you or a loved one.

Every month we try and update this database with for mesocolic cancer trials from around the world to help patients and their families find trials that might be right for them.
We offer this 100% free of charge and do not endorse any of the trials listed here, we hope it helps you or a loved one.