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Consecutive patients diagnosed with biopsy proven renal cell carcinoma at stadium T1a or T1b, from the Region of Southern Denmark or Region Zealand, treated with CT-guided cryoablation at Odense University Hospital in the period from 1/6-2019 to 1/6-2021.

Consecutive patients diagnosed with biopsy proven renal cell carcinoma at stadium T1a or T1b, from the Region of Southern Denmark or Region Zealand, treated with partial nephrectomy at Odense University Hospital or Zealand University Hospital in the period from 1/6-2019 to 1/6-2021.

Percutaneous computed tomography guided cryoablation with the patient in sedation or general anaesthesia.

CT-guided cryoablation

Surgical removal of the renal cancer, leaving the healthy renal tissue. Surgery is either done laparoscopically, robot-assisted laparoscopically or as an open surgery. The patient is under general anaesthesia.

Partial nephrectomy

Theresa Junker, PhD-student

Ole Graumann, MD, PhD

The present study is an observational study designed to assess and compare clinical outcome and quality of life after nephron sparing treatment of small renal tumors.

Partial nephrectomy, where the tumor is being be surgically removed, has traditionally been the preferred nephron sparing treatment for small renal cell carcinomas (RCC). Cryoablation was introduced 20 years ago as a treatment option for patients with RCC with a high surgical risk. Previously, this group of patients had no available treatment. Cryoablation is a minimally invasive treatment that uses extreme cold to destroy the cancer. In recent years, indications for cryoablation of RCC has extended. Cryoablation is now offered as a curative treatment, also including patients without severe comorbidity.

Retrospective studies imply that patients with RCC have lower quality of life compared to other cancers and that choice of treatment and remaining healthy renal tissue have a correlation with quality of life. Knowledge about the patient perspective is crucial in relation to delivering the highest quality of care in the healthcare system. Exploring quality of life through patient reported outcome is one way of exploring the patient perspective.

In this prospective study the investigators aim to assess clinical outcome and quality of life after partial nephrectomy and cryoablation. Results are expected to generate evidence-based knowledge essential in treatment decisions for RCC globally.

The overall aim of this prospective study is to assess and compare clinical outcome and health related quality of life after partial nephrectomy and cryoablation of renal tumors at stadium T1 in adult patients. The specific objectives is:

* To describe treatment characteristics (treatment type, knife time, type of anaesthesia) with i) cryoablation and ii) partial nephrectomy on patients with T1 renal tumors in the Regions of Southern Denmark and Zealand.
* To describe self-reported health related quality of life in adult patients with T1 renal tumors undergoing i) cryoablation and ii) partial nephrectomy in the Regions of Southern Denmark and Zealand.
* To compare patient and tumor characteristics (age, sex, BMI, performance status, American Society of Anaesthesiologists' (ASA) classification group, comorbidity, other cancer diagnosis, smoking and alcohol use, tumor location and size, and tumor histology) in patients with T1 renal tumors treated with i) Cryoablation or ii) partial nephrectomy in the Regions of Southern Denmark and Zealand.
* To compare complications, length of hospital stay, treatment success within follow-up, readmission rate and in-hospital mortality after after i) cryoablation and ii) partial nephrectomy of renal tumors at stadium T1 in adult patients in the Regions of Southern Denmark and Zealand.
* To compare self reported quality of life after i) cryoablation and ii) partial nephrectomy of renal tumors at stadium T1 in adult patients in the Regions of Southern Denmark and Zealand.
* To identify potential patient or tumor characteristics reducing quality of life after i) cryoablation and ii) partial nephrectomy of renal tumors at stadium T1 in adult patients in the Regions of Southern Denmark and Zealand.

All eligible patients will be offered inclusion. Patients will be allocated to treatment group based on shared decision making between the patient and the treating urologist and recommendation from a multidisciplinary team conference. This reflecting the clinical practice.

Patient Reported Outcome After Nephron Sparing Treatment of Small Renal Tumours

EORTC QLQ C- 30 will be used for quality of life measurement. A scale range 0-100, a higher score indicating better quality of life within five functional scales ( physical, role, cognitive, emotional, and social), three symptom scales (fatigue, pain, and nausea and vomiting), a global health status scale and the following six single item symptom measures; dyspnea, insomnia, appetite loss, constipation, diarrhea, and functional difficulties.

HRQoL will be assessed by the Short Form 12 version 2.0 (SF-12v2) Health Survey scores.

Patients' self evaluation of rehabilitation and course of treatment will be assessed by the locally validated rehabilitation questionnaire for renal cancer (RQRC). The questionnaire consists of seven items. Responses will be reported in percentages.

Graded and classified according to the Clavien-Dindo classification.

Readmission to the hospital after discharge

The degree of incomplete ablation after cryoablation, visualized on CT, in comparison with the degree of positive surgical margin after partial nephrectomy, from histopathology.

Absolute number of days the patient is hospitalized after treatment.

Mortality under hospitalization after initial treatment

Cancer related mortality calculated from the date of treatment, to the date of death related to renal cell carcinoma or censored at the date at last follow-up.

The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer - Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ C-30) will be used for quality of life measurement. A scale range 0-100, a higher score indicating better quality of life within five functional scales ( physical, role, cognitive, emotional, and social), three symptom scales (fatigue, pain, and nausea and vomiting), a global health status scale and the following six single item symptom measures; dyspnea, insomnia, appetite loss, constipation, diarrhea, and functional difficulties.

Study title	NCT ID	Conditions	Interventions	Eligibility	Organization	Link
Patient Reported Outcome After Nephron Sparing Treatment of Small Renal Tumours	NCT04040530	Renal Cell Carc... Quality of Life	CT-guided cryoa... Partial nephrec...	18 Years -	Region of Southern Denmark
Patient Reported Outcome After Nephron Sparing Treatment of Small Renal Tumours	NCT04040530	Renal Cell Carc... Quality of Life	CT-guided cryoa... Partial nephrec...	18 Years -	Region of Southern Denmark

Spots Global Cancer Trial Database for nephron sparing treatment