Neoplasms

Digestive System Diseases

All Conditions

Colorectal Neoplasms

Intestinal Neoplasms

Gastrointestinal Neoplasms

Digestive System Neoplasms

Gastrointestinal Diseases

Colonic Diseases

Intestinal Diseases

Rectal Diseases

Individualized colorectal cancer education, psycho-oncological counseling, and a nurse-managed telephone support hotline were provided to the individuals in the experimental group within the NNP. Data were collected before NNP (once in the first week after chemotherapy), during NNP (once in the second week after chemotherapy, once in the first week after the next chemotherapy), after NNP (once in the second week after the next chemotherapy). The duration of the interventions performed via the WhatsApp application varied between 45-60 minutes between individuals.

No intervention was applied to this group.

Subjects taught within the scope of individualized colorectal cancer education:

* Common symptoms and management related to disease and treatment,
* Importance of nutrition in the treatment process.

individualized colorectal cancer education

Topics discussed within the scope of psycho-oncological counseling:

* Psychological state (anxiety, depression, etc.),
* Coping strategies about the process,
* Presence of fear about the disease and/or treatment,
* Lifestyle changes/problems,
* Changes in body image,
* Family/friendship/work-related concerns,
* Additional issues, comments he wishes to convey

psycho-oncological counseling

Within the scope of the NNP, a telephone support hotline service was provided to the participants, where they could consult at any time about the subject they wanted.

telephone support hotline service

Zeynep Dülger

Elif Dönmez

This study was conducted to examine the effect of the nurse navigation program (NNP) applied to patients with colorectal cancer on symptom management and psychosocial adjustment to the disease. The design type was determined as a randomized controlled experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group, with repeated measurements. For this purpose, individuals were divided into two groups as experimental (n=31) and control (n=31) groups. The study was carried out in Istanbul Lütfi Kırdar City Hospital Oncology Clinic between July 2021 and February 2022, after the necessary permissions were obtained. While individualized colorectal cancer education, psycho-oncological counseling and telephone support services were provided to the individuals in the experimental group under the guidance of nurse within the scope of NNP, no intervention was applied to the control group. In the study, data were collected with three different data collection tools: "Information Form", "Nightingale Symptom Assessment Scale (N-SAS)", "Psychosocial Adjustment To Illness Scale (PAIS/PAIS-SR)". Data were collected before NNP (once in the first week after chemotherapy), during NNP (once in the second week after chemotherapy, once in the first week after the next chemotherapy), after NNP (once in the second week after the next chemotherapy). The duration of the interventions performed via the WhatsApp application varied between 45-60 minutes between individuals. The research was completed with a total of 60 individuals, 30 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group. The data obtained in the study were analyzed using the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) for Windows 22.0 program.

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for approximately 10 million deaths or one in six deaths in 2020 (WHO, 2022). According to cancer data published by GLOBOCAN 2020, colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer and the second most common cause of death among all cancer types (GLOBOCAN, 2020). Cancer, the incidence of which is increasing day by day, can cause serious mental problems and psychological effects in the social life of patients, as well as physical difficulties, and this situation negatively affects the course of the disease (Ülger et al, 2014). When the relevant literature is examined for colorectal cancer patients, pain, nausea, vomiting, impaired bowel function, anorexia and delirium are the most common symptoms in colorectal cancer patients (Kocakuşak et al, 2011; El-Shami et al, 2015). Many cancer patients experience psychosocial symptoms in addition to physical symptoms (Ülger et al, 2014). The most common psychosocial symptoms in cancer patients are usually adjustment disorders, depression, anxiety, decreased life satisfaction or loss of self-confidence (Akechi et al, 2001; Ateşci et al, 2003; Seven et al, 2013; Rashid et al, 2021). Since the treatment process of cancer includes a heavy and long process, it is important for patients to receive psycho-social support to protect their mental health and improve their ability to cope with the disease (Ülger et al, 2014). Patient navigation includes the services provided by professionals (navigators) trained in this field to provide education and support to individuals in overcoming the problems they encounter in the health care system, to encourage them to have cancer screenings, and to guide individuals (Dönmez, 2019). When the relevant literature is examined, although there are many studies on the use of navigation programs in cancer patients, no study on symptom management and psychosocial adjustment in individuals diagnosed with colorectal cancer has yet been found (Sussman et al, 2018; Loiselle et al, 2010; Nam et al, 2019; Young et al, 2010; Shum et al, 2014). In this context, the aim of this study is to examine the effect of the nurse navigation program applied to colorectal cancer patients on symptom management and psychosocial adjustment and to contribute to the relevant literature.

The design type was determined as a randomized controlled experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group, with repeated measurements.

The Effects of Nurse Navigation Program on Symptom Management and Psychosocial Adjustment in Colorectal Cancer Patients

The Effects of Nurse Navigation Program on Symptom Management and Psychosocial Adjustment Applied to Patients With Colorectal Cancer

Nightingale Symptom Assessment Scale (N-SAS) is a quality of life scale developed by Gülbeyaz Can and Adnan Aydıner which evaluates the severity of symptoms developing in patients with cancer and its treatment. The scale consists of 38 items in total. The scale has three sub-dimensions: Physical Well-being (items 1-4, 6-15, 23-27 and 37), Social Well-being (items 5 and 16-22) and Psychological Well-being (items 28-36 and 38). The scale is in a 5-point Likert type, and the patient's response to the evaluated item is scored as "0" if it is no, "1" if it is very little, "2" if it is a little, "3" if it is quite a lot, and "4" if it is too much. A high score indicates that the level of being affected by the disease/treatment-related problems is high (Can and Aydiner, 2011).

Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS-SR) is a scale developed in English by Derogatis in 1986, aiming to evaluate psychosocial adjustment to physical illness (Deragotis, 1986). The Turkish validity and reliability study of the PAIS-SR was carried out by Adaylar (1995). The scale, which consists of 46 items, has seven sub-dimensions: compliance with health care, occupational environment, home environment, sexual relations, extended family relations, social environment, and psychosocial pressure. The lowest score that can be obtained from the scale is 0, and the highest score is 138. Scores below 35 in the scale indicate "good psychosocial adjustment", scores between 35 and 51 indicate "moderate psychosocial adjustment", and scores above 51 indicate "poor psychosocial adjustment" (Adaylar, 1995).

Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi

Research Assistant

Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases

Breast Neoplasms

Breast Diseases

Skin Diseases

Intervention Group First, pre-tests were applied to the women in the experimental group. A 4-week training program created by taking into account the cultural characteristics of Syrian women; Explaining breast health, Explaining breast structure, Cancer, Breast cancer, Early diagnosis and its importance, BSE application, CBE and mammography, Barriers on breast cancer, Cancer Early Diagnosis, Screening and Education Center. A 'Nurse-directed screening counseling telephone support line' will be established for the women in the experimental group. Then, motivational interviews will be applied to the women in the experimental group by the researcher, who emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis in line with the health belief model. Reminders will be made by phone every week in the 3rd month. The final tests will be held 4 months after the end of the training.

Pre-tests will be applied to the women in the control group. No intervention will be applied to the women in this group and post-tests will be performed 4 months after the pre-test.

Nurse Navigation Program Based On Health Belief Model In Breast Cancer Screening (NaHeB-CaS), increasing awareness of Syrian women under temporary protection against breast cancer, decreasing their perception of barriers to screening tests, developing early diagnosis behaviors (such as BSE, CBE and mammography), increasing their self-efficacy and breast cancer fears are expected to be reduced.

Nurse Navigation Program Based On Health Belief Model In Breast Cancer Screening (NaHeB-CaS)

Birsen ALTAY, Doç. Dr.

This study, which is designed according to the experimental model with randomized pre-test and post-test control group, will be carried out with Syrian women who apply to Empowered Migrant Health Center in İstanbul province, Sultanbeyli district, where Syria citizens are immigranted. The population of the study consisted of all Syrian women aged 40-69 under temporary protection who came to the Empowered Migrant Health Center at the time of the research. The working group will be composed of 80 Syrian women who meet the selection criteria. According to the sources, the frequency of breast cancer screening in Turkey is taken as 15%; For the study at 95% confidence level, d=0,6 was taken and n=136 sample size was taken. Considering that there may be those who left during the research period, 14 women will be taken as substitutes and the sample will be completed to a total of 150 in order to increase the power of representing the universe. A personal questionnaire prepared by the researcher in line with the literature, Health Belief Model Scale, Mammography Self-Efficacy Scale, Champion Breast Cancer Fear Scale, Breast Self Examination Checklist Form, will be administered to Syrian women under temporary protection who applied to the empowered migrant health center and agreed to participate in the study.According to the sample pool formed by the women included in the study, the participants were assigned to 2 groups as experiment and control with the "Research Randomizer" program. Each group will be determined as 75 people. A 4-week training program will be applied to the experimental group. The women in the experimental group will be given a self-breast examination control calendar after their first training. Afterwards, motivational interviews will be held once a month for the second and third months. A "Nurse-managed screening consultancy telephone support line" will be established for Syrian women within the scope of the Nurse Navigation Program. Reminder phone calls will be made 4 times a week. Personal questionnaire, Health Belief Model Scale, Mammography Self-Efficacy Scale, Champion Breast Cancer Fear Scale, Breast Self Examination Checklist Form, Post-Training Screening Behavior Follow-up Form will be administered to the experimental and control groups as a post-test.

In this study, it is aimed to present an innovative approach in ensuring the participation of Syrian women under temporary protection in breast cancer screening. For this purpose, Nurse Navigation Program Based On Health Belief Model In Breast Cancer Screening (NaHeB-CaS) will be applied to affect the health beliefs of Syrian women. The research is carried out with a randomized controlled double-blind pre-test post-test control group. The randomized clinical trial was based on the guidelines proposed by the Consolidated standard of Reporting TrialsCONSORT 2010. The data of the research will be collected at Istanbul/Sultanbeyli Empowered Migrant Health Center between June and October 2021. Introductory Information Questionnaire, Health Belief Model Scale, Mammography Self-Efficacy Scale, Champion Breast Cancer Fear Scale and Breast Self-Examination Checklist Form, prepared by the researcher in line with the literature, will be applied to women who apply to this immigrant health center and agree to participate in the research. Pre-tests will be given to the experimental and control groups in a training room at the Empowered Migrant Health Center. Data collection will take approximately 15-20 minutes. Pre-tested Syrian women will be randomly assigned to the sample pool to be divided into experimental and control groups. Romany women will be divided into experimental and control groups using the Simple Random Method.

Data Collection Tools Personal questionnaire;Introductory features questionnaire consisting of 32 questions developed by the researchers in line with the literature; It questions women's socio-demographic characteristics (age, number of children, educational status, etc.), their beliefs about early diagnosis practices, their genetic characteristics, and their status regarding early diagnosis practices for cancer. The introductory features questionnaire was translated into Arabic in a way that individuals can understand.

Health Belief Model Scale: The scale, which is used to determine the beliefs and attitudes of individuals regarding breast cancer, BSE, CBE and Mammography, was developed by Champion in 1984 and was last revised in 1999. The validity and reliability of the Arabic version of the revised Champion Health Belief Model Scale was conducted by Mikhail and Petro-Nustas. The Cronbach's Alpha value of the original scale was reported to be 0.65-0.90, and test-retest correlations of 0.40-0.68. According to the validity and reliability study of the scale for Syrian women, the number of items; sensitivity perception (5-25 points), caring perception (8-40 points), health motivation perception (6-30 points), BSE benefit perception (6-30 points), BSE perception of obstacles (7-35 points), self- efficacy perception (9-45 points), mammography barrier and benefit perception (12-60 points), and clinical breast examination barrier and benefit perception (9-45 points) sub-dimensions. The scale is in a 5-point Likert type and for each item, between 1 and 5, 1 is "very bad"; 2 "bad"; 3 "medium"; 4 "good"; 5 was rated as "very good". Higher scores mean that sensitivity and caring increase, health motivation for health motivation, benefits for benefit perception, barriers for obstacle perception, and self-efficacy for self-efficacy are perceived high. Scoring is reversed for items in the obstacles sub-dimension in the scale. A high total score in the scale for the sub-dimensions other than the barriers, explains that the individual's perceptions of health related to breast cancer screening behaviors are high and the rate of exhibiting the behavior will be high. Written permission was obtained from the author to use the Health Belief Model Scale.

Mammography Self-efficacy scale: The scale was developed by Champion et al in 2005. The Chronbach Alpha value is specified as 0.87 . The Arabic validity-reliability study of the scale was conducted by Al-Zalabani. The scale consists of 10 items and aims to assess women's perceived self-efficacy for mammography screening. In the Arabic evaluation of the scale, 5-point Likert-type scaling ranging from 1 to 5 "strongly disagree", "disagree", "undecided", "agree", "strongly agree" method was used. The total possible score ranges from 10 to 50 points, indicating a higher level of self-efficacy as the total score increases. Al-Zalabani found the Cronbach's Alpha value of the scale to be 0.88.

Champion Breast Cancer Fear Scale: Champion Breast Cancer Fear Scale (CMKKÖ) is an 8-item measurement tool developed by Champion. This scale determines the relationship between breast cancer and mammography behavior and women's emotional responses and is used to screen for breast cancer fear behavior. Alyami et al. In 2019, the scale was translated into Arabic and its validity and reliability study was carried out and published in 2021. The scale is five-point Likert type. Responses to the scale are scored as "strongly disagree" 1 point, "disagree" 2 points, "undecided" 3 points, "agree" 4 points, "strongly agree" 5 points. The lowest score that can be obtained from the scale is 8, and the highest score is 40. A high score indicates a high fear of breast cancer. For the Champion Breast Cancer Fear Scale Arabic, Cronbach's correlation coefficient is 0.94.

Breast self-exam checklist form: This checklist form was made in order to determine the practices that the individuals participating in the research knew about breast self-examination before nursing care and the behaviors they gained after nursing care.

As a result of the research, the data obtained from all tests will be evaluated and reported in the SPSS package program. Descriptive statistics, paired t test, mc nemar test and correlation analysis will be used in the evaluation of the data.

Before starting the study, ethics committee approval (number: 220/132) from the Social and Human Sciences Ethics Committee of Ondokuz Mayıs University and permission from the Migration Policy and Projects Department of the General Directorate of Migration Management (No: 62103649000E. 20374) were obtained. Later, institutional permission was obtained from the Istanbul Provincial Health Directorate (E-15916306-604.01.01) to practice in the Strengthened Migrant Health Center. Before the start of the study, the women participating in the study were informed about the purpose of the study and their written consent was obtained with the Informed Consent Form.

Randomized controlled experimental design

The Effect of Nurse Navigation Program Applied to Syrian Women on Breast Cancer Screening Behaviors, Self-Efficacy and Fears of Breast Cancer (NaHeB-CaS)

The scale, which is used to determine the beliefs and attitudes of individuals regarding breast cancer, BSE, CBE and Mammography, was developed by Champion in 1984. The validity and reliability of the Arabic version of the revised Champion Health Belief Model Scale was conducted by Mikhail and Petro-Nustas. According to the validity and reliability study of the scale for Syrian women, the number of items; sensitivity perception (5-25), caring perception (8-40), health motivation perception (6-30), BSE benefit perception (6-30), BSE perception of obstacles (7-35), self- efficacy perception (9-45 ), mammography barrier and benefit perception (12-60), and clinical breast examination barrier and benefit perception (9-45) sub-dimensions. Higher scores mean that sensitivity and caring increase, health motivation for health motivation, benefits for benefit perception, barriers for obstacle perception, and self-efficacy for self-efficacy are perceived high.

The scale was developed by Champion et al in 2005. The Chronbach Alpha value is specified as 0.87 . The Arabic validity-reliability study of the scale was conducted by Al-Zalabani (2019). The scale consists of 10 items and aims to assess women's perceived self-efficacy for mammography screening. In the Arabic evaluation of the scale, 5-point Likert-type scaling ranging from 1 to 5 "strongly disagree" (1), "disagree" (2), "undecided" (3), "agree" (4), "strongly agree" (5) method was used. The total possible score ranges from 10 to 50 points, indicating a higher level of self-efficacy as the total score increases. Al-Zalabani (2019) found the Cronbach's Alpha value of the scale to be 0.88.

Champion Breast Cancer Fear Scale (CMKKÖ) is an 8-item measurement tool developed by Champion, et al., (2004). This scale determines the relationship between breast cancer and mammography behavior and women's emotional responses and is used to screen for breast cancer fear behavior. Alyami et al. In 2019, the scale was translated into Arabic and its validity and reliability study was carried out and published in 2021. The scale is five-point Likert type. Responses to the scale are scored as "strongly disagree" 1 point, "disagree" 2 points, "undecided" 3 points, "agree" 4 points, "strongly agree" 5 points. The lowest score that can be obtained from the scale is 8, and the highest score is 40. A high score indicates a high fear of breast cancer. For the Champion Breast Cancer Fear Scale Arabic, Cronbach's correlation coefficient is 0.94.

A motivational interview will be held with the participants in the experimental group about the beliefs and barriers of breast cancer early diagnosis practices. This assessment will be completed in 2 sessions separately for each individual.

Ondokuz Mayıs University

Head of Nursing Department

Respiratory Tract (Lung and Bronchial) Diseases

Behaviors and Mental Disorders

Lung Neoplasms

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung

Anxiety Disorders

Depression

Depressive Disorder

Respiratory Tract Neoplasms

Thoracic Neoplasms

Lung Diseases

Respiratory Tract Diseases

Quality of Life

Effects of nurse navigation program on patients with lung cancer

An information note will be given to the control group.

The needs of the patients included in the study will be determined with the supportive care needs scale. A training booklet will be given to the patients in the intervention group and they will be informed about the existing or newly formed unsupported care needs, the evaluation of their frequency and severity, and the ability of the patients to call the navigator nurse 24/7 or send an SMS. For interventions that can be applied in line with evidence-based guidelines for unsupported care needs with patients included in the intervention group every week for 12 weeks, a face-to-face navigation will be made by the navigator nurse over the phone and once a month.

LungCaNN

Müge Altınışık, MSc

Fatma Arikan, PhD, RN

The study aims to determine the effect of the nurse navigation program (LungCaNN), which is performed in line with the supportive care needs of newly diagnosed non-small cell lung cancer patients, on the level of anxiety-depression, adherence to the disease, and quality of life.

The study was designed as a randomized study with a control group. This study will be carried out with a total of 84 NSCLC patients, 42 of whom were in the intervention group and 42 in the control group, whose treatment was started in Akdeniz University Medical Oncology Outpatient Clinic and met the inclusion criteria of the sampling. Nurse navigation program will be applied for 12 weeks from the diagnosis of NSCLC patients in the intervention group. The intervention protocol of the study is abbreviated as "Lung Cancer Nurse Navigator" \[LungCaNN\].

Within the scope of the LungCaNN program, face-to-face patient education, patient education booklet, face-to-face, and telephone navigation initiatives were planned. Patient Identification Form, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 21), Chronic Disease Adjustment Scale, EORTC QLQ 30 Quality of Life Scale-/ LC-13, and Navigation and Interview Steps Form will be used to collect data.

This is a randomized controlled trial consisting of two groups: experimental and control.

The Effect of Nurse Navigation Program on Lung Cancer Patients

The Effect of Nurse Navigation Program Applied in Line With Supportive Care Needs in Patients Diagnosed With Lung Cancer on Anxiety-Depression, Adaptation to the Disease and Quality of Life

It is used to evaluate depression, stress, and anxiety levels. Each item scores between 0-3 and gives separate scores for depression, stress, and anxiety. A maximum of 21 and a minimum of 0 points can be obtained from the scales. High scores indicate high levels of depression, stress, and anxiety.

This scale was developed to measure the quality of life of cancer patients. It includes 30 questions and three sub-dimensions: General Well-being, Functional Difficulties, and Symptom Control. The maximum score on the scale is 100 and the minimum score is 0. High scores in the functional subscale indicate good/healthy functional status, high scores in the symptom subscale indicate high levels of symptoms and/or problems, and high scores in the global health status/quality of life subscale indicate good quality of life. Scoring of the Quality of Life Scale LC-13 Lung Module is also done by symptom scale scoring. A high score from the LC-13 Lung Module indicates that the symptoms are experienced intensely.

The scale was developed to determine the level of compliance of patients with the disease. It consists of 25 items. It consists of three sub-dimensions: Physical Adaptation, Social Adaptation, and Psychological Adaptation. The total score that can be obtained from the scale is 125. High scores from the sub-dimensions and/or the whole scale mean that the patient's level of compliance with the disease also increases.

Study title	NCT ID	Conditions	Interventions	Eligibility	Organization
The Effects of Nurse Navigation Program on Symptom Management and Psychosocial Adjustment in Colorectal Cancer Patients	NCT05571098	Colorectal Canc... Psycho-Oncology Nursing	individualized ... psycho-oncologi... telephone suppo...	18 Years -	Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi
Nurse Navigation Program Based On Health Belief Model In Breast Cancer Screening (NaHeB-CaS)	NCT04966377	Breast Cancer	Nurse Navigatio...	40 Years - 69 Years	Ondokuz Mayıs University
The Effect of Nurse Navigation Program on Lung Cancer Patients	NCT05937425	Non Small Cell ...	LungCaNN	18 Years -	Akdeniz University

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