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Participants received oprozomib 150 mg once daily on days 1 to 5 and days 15 to 19 (5/14 schedule) of each 28-day treatment cycle, in combination with lenalidomide 25 mg on days 1 through 21 and dexamethasone 20 mg/day on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22, and 23, until progression of disease, unacceptable toxicity, or for 24 cycles, whichever occurred first. After completing 24 cycles of treatment, participants with stable disease or better could have continued on oprozomib with or without dexamethasone pretreatment.

Participants received oprozomib 180 mg once daily on days 1 to 5 and days 15 to 19 (5/14 schedule) of each 28-day treatment cycle, in combination with lenalidomide 25 mg on days 1 through 21 and dexamethasone 20 mg/day on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22, and 23, until progression of disease, unacceptable toxicity, or for 24 cycles, whichever occurred first. After completing 24 cycles of treatment, participants with stable disease or better could have continued on oprozomib with or without dexamethasone pretreatment.

Participants received oprozomib 210 mg once daily on days 1 to 5 and days 15 to 19 (5/14 schedule) of each 28-day treatment cycle, in combination with lenalidomide 25 mg on days 1 through 21 and dexamethasone 20 mg/day on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22, and 23, until progression of disease, unacceptable toxicity, or for 24 cycles, whichever occurred first. After completing 24 cycles of treatment, participants with stable disease or better could have continued on oprozomib with or without dexamethasone pretreatment.

Participants received oprozomib 210 mg once daily on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22, and 23 (2/7 schedule) of each 28-day treatment cycle, in combination with lenalidomide 25 mg on days 1 through 21 and dexamethasone 20 mg/day on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22, and 23, until progression of disease, unacceptable toxicity, or for 24 cycles, whichever occurred first. After completing 24 cycles of treatment, participants with stable disease or better could have continued on oprozomib with or without dexamethasone pretreatment.

Participants received oprozomib 240 mg once daily on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22, and 23 (2/7 schedule) of each 28-day treatment cycle, in combination with lenalidomide 25 mg on days 1 through 21 and dexamethasone 20 mg/day on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22, and 23, until progression of disease, unacceptable toxicity, or for 24 cycles, whichever occurred first. After completing 24 cycles of treatment, participants with stable disease or better could have continued on oprozomib with or without dexamethasone pretreatment.

Participants received oprozomib 210 mg once daily on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22, and 23 (2/7 schedule) of each 28-day treatment cycle, in combination with oral cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m² on days 1, 8, and 15 and dexamethasone 20 mg/day on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22, and 23, until progression of disease, unacceptable toxicity, or for 8 cycles, whichever occurred first. After completing 8 cycles of treatment, participants with stable disease or better were to continue on oprozomib with dexamethasone premedication for a total of 24 cycles or until progression of disease or unacceptable toxicity. After completing 24 cycles of treatment, participants without evidence of disease progression could have continued on oprozomib with or without dexamethasone pretreatment.

Extended release (ER) tablets administered orally

Oprozomib

Administered orally at a dose of 25 mg on days 1 through 21 of each 28-day cycle for a maximum of 24 cycles.

Administered at 20 mg, orally, on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22, and 23 of each 28-day cycle. After the first cycle the dose may be decreased to 10 mg/day in participants \> 75 years of age, at the discretion of the investigator.

Administered orally at 300 mg/m² (up to a maximum of 600 mg) on days 1, 8, and 15 of each 28-day cycle for a maximum of 8 cycles of therapy (approximately 8 months).

The primary objectives of this study included the following:

Phase 1b:

* To establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of oprozomib given in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (ORd) or with cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone (OCyd)
* To evaluate the safety and tolerability of oprozomib and dexamethasone administered in combination with lenalidomide or oral cyclophosphamide

Phase 2:

* To estimate the antitumor activity of each combination regimen, as measured by overall response rate (ORR) and complete response rate (CRR)
* To evaluate the safety and tolerability of each combination regimens, as assessed by the type, incidence, severity and seriousness of adverse events, and abnormalities in selected laboratory analytes

Phase 1b used a standard 3 + 3 dose-escalation scheme to determine the MTD. For each combination regimen, oprozomib doses were to be escalated in sequential cohorts of 3 participants with expansion to up to 6 participants if a dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was observed in 1 of the first 3 participants. The doses of lenalidomide, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone were to remain fixed in all dose cohorts.

The phase 2 portion of the study was to include up to 35 additional participants in each of the 2 combination regimens, treated at the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of oprozomib that was identified during the phase 1b portion of the study in order to better characterize safety and tolerability, and antimyeloma activity.

This study was stopped by sponsor decision during the dose escalation in phase 1b prior to initiation of phase 2.

Oprozomib and Dexamethasone,in Combination With Lenalidomide or Oral Cyclophosphamide to Treat Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma

Phase 1b/2, Multicenter, Open-label Study of Oprozomib and Dexamethasone, in Combination With Lenalidomide or Oral Cyclophosphamide in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma

DLTs were assessed according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI CTCAE) version 4.03. A DLT is defined as any of the following treatment-related events:

* Any ≥ Grade 3 nonhematologic toxicity with the following conditions:

  * ≥ Grade 3 nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or constipation only if for \> 7 days despite optimal supportive care
  * Asymptomatic Grade 3 hypophosphatemia, Grade 3 hyperglycemia or toxicity solely due to dexamethasone, ≥ Grade 3 rash attributed to lenalidomide, and Grade 3 fatigue for \< 14 days were not considered DLTs
* Grade 4 neutropenia: absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \< 0.5 × 10\^9/L lasting ≥ 7 days, despite myeloid growth factor support
* Febrile neutropenia
* Grade 4 thrombocytopenia for ≥ 7 days or \< 7 days with ≥ Grade 2 clinically significant bleeding or \< 10,000 platelets requiring platelet transfusion, or Grade ≥ 3 with clinically significant bleeding or requiring platelet transfusion.

Adverse events (AEs) were graded using NCI-CTCAE (version 4.03) and according to the following: Grade 1 = mild AE, Grade 2 = Moderate AE, Grade 3 = a severe AE, Grade 4 = life-threatening AE, and Grade 5 = death due to AE.

A serious AE is an event that met 1 or more of the following criteria:

* Death
* Life-threatening experience
* Required inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of an existing hospitalization
* Resulted in persistent or significant disability/incapacity
* A congenital anomaly birth defect in the offspring of an exposed female subject or offspring of a female partner of a male subject
* Important medical events that, based upon appropriate medical judgment, jeopardized the participant and may have required medical or surgical intervention to prevent an outcome listed above.

Treatment-related AEs are those considered related to at least 1 study drug by the investigator.

Plasma samples for oprozomib concentration assays were only collected for participants in the 5/14 dosing schedule groups.

Oprozomib plasma concentrations were determined using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry.

ORR is defined as the percentage of participants with a best overall response of partial response (PR), very good PR (VGPR), complete response (CR), or stringent CR (sCR) based on the International Myeloma Working Group Uniform Response Criteria.

PR: ≥ 50% reduction of serum M-protein and ≥ 90% reduction in urine M-protein or to \< 200 mg/24 hrs, or a ≥ 50% decrease in dFLC. A ≥ 50% decrease in the size of soft tissue plasmacytomas present at baseline.

VGPR: Serum and urine M-protein detectable by immunofixation but not electrophoresis or ≥ 90% decrease in serum M-protein with urine M-protein \<100 mg/24 hrs. If disease measurable only by SFLC, ≥ 90% decrease in the difference between involved and uninvolved FLC levels (dFLC).

CR: No immunofixation on serum and urine, disappearance of soft tissue plasmacytomas and \<5% plasma cells in BM. Normal serum free light chain (SFLC) ratio if disease measurable only by SFLC.

sCR: As for CR, and absence of clonal plasma cells in bone marrow (BM).

Duration of response was defined as the time from first evidence of partial response (PR) or better to confirmation of disease progression or death due to any cause.

Median DOR was estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods. Participants who started a new anticancer therapy before documentation of disease progression or death, or who were alive without documentation of disease progression before the data cut-off date or who died or had disease progression immediately after more than 1 consecutively missed disease assessment visit were censored at the date of last disease assessment.

Progression-free survival is defined as the time from the start of treatment to disease progression or death (due to any cause), whichever occurred first. Median PFS was estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods. Participants who started a new anticancer therapy before documentation of disease progression or death, or who were alive without documentation of disease progression before the data cut-off date or who died or had disease progression immediately after more than 1 consecutively missed disease assessment visit were censored at the date of last disease assessment.

Amgen

Participants received oprozomib 150 mg once daily on days 1 to 5 and days 15 to 19 (5/14 schedule) of each 28-day treatment cycle, in combination with lenalidomide 25 mg on days 1 through 21 and dexamethasone 20 mg/day on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22, and 23, until progression of disease, unacceptable toxicity, or for 24 cycles, whichever occurred first.

After completing 24 cycles of treatment, participants with stable disease or better could have continued on oprozomib with or without dexamethasone pretreatment.

Oprozomib 150 mg 5/14 + Lenalidomide + Dexamethasone

Participants received oprozomib 180 mg once daily on days 1 to 5 and days 15 to 19 (5/14 schedule) of each 28-day treatment cycle, in combination with lenalidomide 25 mg on days 1 through 21 and dexamethasone 20 mg/day on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22, and 23, until progression of disease, unacceptable toxicity, or for 24 cycles, whichever occurred first.

After completing 24 cycles of treatment, participants with stable disease or better could have continued on oprozomib with or without dexamethasone pretreatment.

Oprozomib 180 mg 5/14 + Lenalidomide + Dexamethasone

Participants received oprozomib 210 mg once daily on days 1 to 5 and days 15 to 19 (5/14 schedule) of each 28-day treatment cycle, in combination with lenalidomide 25 mg on days 1 through 21 and dexamethasone 20 mg/day on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22, and 23, until progression of disease, unacceptable toxicity, or for 24 cycles, whichever occurred first.

Oprozomib 210 mg 5/14 + Lenalidomide + Dexamethasone

Participants received oprozomib 210 mg once daily on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22, and 23 (2/7 schedule) of each 28-day treatment cycle, in combination with lenalidomide 25 mg on days 1 through 21 and dexamethasone 20 mg/day on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22, and 23, until progression of disease, unacceptable toxicity, or for 24 cycles, whichever occurred first.

After completing 24 cycles of treatment, participants with stable disease or better could have continued on oprozomib with or without dexamethasone pretreatment.

Oprozomib 210 mg 2/7 + Lenalidomide + Dexamethasone

Participants received oprozomib 240 mg once daily on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22, and 23 (2/7 schedule) of each 28-day treatment cycle, in combination with lenalidomide 25 mg on days 1 through 21 and dexamethasone 20 mg/day on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22, and 23, until progression of disease, unacceptable toxicity, or for 24 cycles, whichever occurred first.

After completing 24 cycles of treatment, participants with stable disease or better could have continued on oprozomib with or without dexamethasone pretreatment.

Oprozomib 240 mg 2/7 + Lenalidomide + Dexamethasone

Participants received oprozomib 210 mg once daily on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22, and 23 (2/7 schedule) of each 28-day treatment cycle, in combination with oral cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m² on days 1, 8, and 15 and dexamethasone 20 mg/day on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22, and 23, until progression of disease, unacceptable toxicity, or for 8 cycles, whichever occurred first.

After completing 8 cycles of treatment, participants with stable disease or better were to continue on oprozomib with dexamethasone premedication for a total of 24 cycles or until progression of disease or unacceptable toxicity. After completing 24 cycles of treatment, participants without evidence of disease progression could have continued on oprozomib with or without dexamethasone pretreatment.

Oprozomib 210 mg 2/7 + Cyclophosphamide + Dexamethasone

Total

Age, Continuous

Sex: Female, Male

Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)

Race/Ethnicity, Customized

A scale to assess a patient's disease status. 0 = Fully active, able to carry out all pre-disease performance without restriction;

1. = Restricted in physically strenuous activity, ambulatory and able to carry out work of a light nature;
2. = Ambulatory and capable of all self-care, unable to carry out any work activities. Up and about \> 50% of waking hours;
3. = Capable of only limited self-care, confined to bed or chair \> 50% of waking hours;
4. = Completely disabled, confined to bed or chair;
5. = Dead.

Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status

Study Director

Participants received oprozomib 210 mg once daily on days 1 to 5 and days 15 to 19 (5/14 schedule) of each 28-day treatment cycle, in combination with lenalidomide 25 mg on days 1 through 21 and dexamethasone 20 mg/day on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22, and 23, until progression of disease, unacceptable toxicity, or for 24 cycles, whichever occurred first.

After completing 24 cycles of treatment, participants with stable disease or better could have continued on oprozomib with or without dexamethasone pretreatment.

All enrolled participants who received at least 1 dose of any study treatment

Number of Participants With Dose-Limiting Toxicities (DLTs)

Any treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE)

TEAE ≥ grade 3

Serious adverse events

TEAEs leading to discontinuation of study drug

Fatal adverse events

Treatment-related adverse events (TRAE)

TRAE ≥ grade 3

Treatment-related serious adverse events

TRAEs leading to discontinuation of study drug

Participants who received at least 1 dose of any study treatment

Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (AEs)

Cycle 1 day 1, 1 - 2.5 hours post EOI

Cycle 1 day 1, 2.75 - 5 hours post EOI

Cycle 3 day 1, predose

Cycle 3 day 1, 1 - 2.5 hours post EOI

Cycle 3 day 1, 2.75 - 5 hours post EOI

Participants in the 5/14 dosing schedule groups with available concentration data

Plasma Oprozomib Concentration

All participants who received at least 1 dose of any study treatment

Overall Response Rate (ORR)

Participants who received at least 1 dose of any study treatment and who achieved a best overall response of sCR, CR, VGPR, or PR.

Duration of Response (DOR)

All participants who received at least 1 dose of any study treatment.

Study title	NCT ID	Conditions	Interventions	Eligibility	Organization	Link
Oprozomib and Dexamethasone,in Combination With Lenalidomide or Oral Cyclophosphamide to Treat Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma	NCT01881789	Multiple Myelom...	Oprozomib Lenalidomide Dexamethasone Cyclophosphamid...	18 Years -	Amgen
Oprozomib and Dexamethasone,in Combination With Lenalidomide or Oral Cyclophosphamide to Treat Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma	NCT01881789	Multiple Myelom...	Oprozomib Lenalidomide Dexamethasone Cyclophosphamid...	18 Years -	Amgen

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