Those in the immediate intervention arm will begin the LovingKindess Meditation practice upon enrollment.

Those in the deferred intervention arm will commence the LovingKindness Meditation practice intervention approximately 3 weeks (post 3 -week survey) after enrollment and participate three weeks thereafter.

Participants will have access to a recording of a script to guide them through meditation

LovingKindess Meditation

Mary Jo Kreitzer, PhD, RN, FAAN

CaringBridge (CB) is an online health community for people undergoing challenging health journeys. This platform provides an opportunity for individuals and their caregivers to rally support for a loved-one during a health journey. CaringBridge offers the opportunity for expressive writing through journal entries, wellbeing resources, participant health journey stories, and practical scheduling and communication tools to support community, healing, and wellbeing. Loving Kindness Meditation (LKM) is a systemized mind-body approach developed to increase loving acceptance and has been shown to increase resilience in the face of adversity. The aim of this study is to better understand how mind-body practices, like LKM, impact adult CB users

Implementation of Mind-Body Practices in an Online Community of Caring (CaringBridge)

The Perceived Stress Scale is a 10-item scale for measuring one's perception of stress. All 10 items are assessed by asking how often a respondent felt a certain way on a 5-point Likert measure (0 = Never; 4 = Very Often), with a minimum score of 0 and a maximum score of 40. Higher total scores indicate greater perceived stress.

This will be assessed at baseline and week three, in addition to week six for the deferred arm.

The Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) is a 12-item, shortened version of the original longer 26-item self-compassion scale (range 12-60). The 12-item SCS contains the same higher-order factor structure as the 26-item scale with a general Higher-Order Self-Compassion factor and six second-order factors of Self-Kindness, Self-Judgement, Common Humanity, Isolation, Mindfulness, and Over-Identification. All 12 items are assessed by asking how often a respondent felt a certain way on a 5-point Likert measure (1 =Almost never; 5 =Almost always). Higher SCS scores are associated with psychological well-being and suggest self-compassion might be an important protective factor, fostering emotional resilience.

This will be assessed at baseline and week three, in addition to week six for the deferred arm.

The Compassionate Love Scale (CLS) is a 21-item measure of the stranger-humanity version of the original CLS designed to measure compassionate love for humanity (range 38-147). Higher CLS scores indicate greater compassionate love for humanity.

This will be assessed at baseline and week three, in addition to week six for the deferred arm.

Social connectedness is assessed with 8 items on a 6-point Likert scale (1 = strongly agree through 6 = strongly disagree), with a total range of 8-48. Social connectedness is reverse coded such that high scores indicate higher social connection.

This will be assessed at baseline and week three, in addition to week six for the deferred arm.

Social assurance is assessed with 8 items on a 6-point Likert scale (1 = strongly agree through 6 = strongly disagree), with a total range of 8-48. Social Assurance is reverse coded such that high scores indicate higher social assurance. This will be assessed at baseline and week three, in addition to week six for the deferred arm.

University of Minnesota

Neoplasms

Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases

All Conditions

Behaviors and Mental Disorders

Breast Neoplasms

Quality of Life

The women with breast cancer in the intervention group received two sessions of laughter therapy per week for eight weeks.Each laughter therapy session lasted 40 minutes.

The control group did not receive any intervention during the study period.

Each session started with a 10-minute breathing exercise accompanied by relaxing music, followed by 20-minute laughing exercises. Afterwards, the session was ended with a 10-minute meditation accompanied by relaxing music.

Laughter therapy

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer seen in women worldwide and ranks first. Chemotherapy is one of the commonly used methods of treatment in breast cancer. Physiological and psychological symptoms that occur due to chemotherapy treatment affect women negatively and reduce their quality of life. For this reason, there is a need for an intervention that could decrease psychological symptoms such as stress and improve quality of life in women with breast cancer. In the literature, it is stated that laughter therapy which is one of the non-pharmacological methods, can be an effective nursing intervention to decrease stress and improve the quality of life in women with breast cancer.

This an assessor-blinded, parallel group randomized controlled trial aimed that investigating the effect of laughter therapy on perceived stress and quality of life in women with breast cancer.This trial was conducted in the chemotherapy outpatient clinic of training and research hospital located in Turkey. All patients were women with breast cancer who received a once-weekly Paclitaxel regimen.

Effect of Laughter Therapy on Perceived Stress and Quality of Life

Effect of Laughter Therapy on Perceived Stress and Quality of Life in Women With Breast Cancer: An Assessor-blinded, Parallel Group, Randomized Controlled Trial

The scale consists of 14 items in total and was designed to measure how stressful the changing situations in the individual's life are perceived.The scale is a 5-point Likert-type scale with each item ranging from "never (0)" to "very often (4)". 7 of the scale items with positive expressions are scored in reverse and the total score that can be obtained from the scale ranges from 0 to 56. Eskin et al. performed the validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of Perceived Stress Scale and the internal consistency of the scale was determined to be 0.82.

The scale evaluates the quality of life of individuals.The scale consists of 12 items and two sub-dimensions in total.While the items related to physical and emotional role were answered as yes or no, the other items had likert type options ranging between 3 and 6. While the Physical Component Summary-12 (PCS-12) score was obtained from the sub-dimensions of general health, physical functionality, physical role and body pain; The Mental Component Summary-12 (MCS-12) score was obtained from the sub-dimensions of social functionality, emotional role, mental health and energy. Both the PCS-12 and MCS-12 scores range from 0 to 100, with the higher score representing better health.Soylu et al. performed the validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of Quality of Life Scale (SF-12) and the internal consistency of the scale was determined to be 0.73.

Izmir Bakircay University

Asistant Professor

Breast Diseases

Skin Diseases

All Drugs and Chemicals

Estrogens

The standard intervention group received linguistically and culturally tailored information regarding breast cancer and survivorship.

The enhanced intervention group received linguistically and culturally tailored information regarding breast cancer and survivorship as well as cognitive-behavioral stress management.

Participants received linguistically and culturally tailored information on diet and nutrition, physical activity, managing treatment side effects, follow-up care plans, complementary and alternative medicine, reducing environmental exposure to estrogen, navigating cancer-related financial issues, family history, body image, sexuality, and advances in breast cancer research.

Linguistically and Culturally Tailored Information

Participants learned and practiced skills related to mindfulness, relaxation, stress reduction, rational thinking, improving coping, enhancing social support, anger management, and assertiveness training.

Cognitive-Behavioral Stress Management

Sunmin Lee, ScD

The objective of the TOGETHER (Together Overcome and Get Empowered Through Health Education and Relationships) program was to examine the effectiveness of one of the first linguistically and culturally tailored intervention programs to increase quality of life among Korean American breast cancer survivors.

This study employed a randomized trial design, consisting of a standard and enhanced intervention group. Participants attended seven weekly sessions and one follow-up session that lasted for about 2 hours each. All sessions were conducted by two Korean female bilingual licensed clinical psychologists.

The specific aims of this study were to: (1) Implement and evaluate the effects of tailored intervention on perceived stress, coping and quality of life among Korean American breast cancer survivors; and (2) Conduct a process evaluation to assess the feasibility and fidelity of the intervention, which will provide data that can inform the development of future interventions.

Culturally Tailored Educational and Support Program to Increase Quality of Life Among Korean Breast Cancer Survivors

Behavioral Intervention to Reduce Breast Cancer Disparity Among Underserved Koreans

Participants were asked 12 multiple choice items on coping with stress, utilizing social support, anger management, assertiveness, and communicating with healthcare providers as well as 1 open-ended item on how participants cope with stress. Multiple choice items were on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from never to very often.

Study title	NCT ID	Conditions	Interventions	Eligibility	Organization
Implementation of Mind-Body Practices in an Online Community of Caring (CaringBridge)	NCT05002842	Cancer Stress	LovingKindess M...	18 Years -	University of Minnesota
Effect of Laughter Therapy on Perceived Stress and Quality of Life	NCT05391373	Laughter Therap...	Laughter therap...	18 Years -	Izmir Bakircay University
Culturally Tailored Educational and Support Program to Increase Quality of Life Among Korean Breast Cancer Survivors	NCT02770469	Breast Cancer	Linguistically ... Cognitive-Behav...	25 Years - 85 Years	University of Maryland, College Park
Implementation of Mind-Body Practices in an Online Community of Caring (CaringBridge)	NCT05002842	Cancer Stress	LovingKindess M...	18 Years -	University of Minnesota

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