Neoplasms

All Conditions

Respiratory Tract (Lung and Bronchial) Diseases

Urinary Tract, Sexual Organs, and Pregnancy Conditions

Carcinoma

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung

Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Carcinoma, Bronchogenic

Bronchial Neoplasms

Lung Neoplasms

Respiratory Tract Neoplasms

Thoracic Neoplasms

Lung Diseases

Respiratory Tract Diseases

Urologic Neoplasms

Urogenital Neoplasms

Urogenital Diseases

Female Urogenital Diseases

Pregnancy Complications

Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications

Urinary Bladder Diseases

Urologic Diseases

Male Urogenital Diseases

Antineoplastic Agents

All Drugs and Chemicals

Carboplatin

Cisplatin

Patients are eligible for this study if they have non-small cell lung cancer or bladder cancer and will receive cisplatin or carboplatin-based chemotherapy for the treatment of cancer. They will receive one microdose of C-14-carboplatin approximately 4 hours before scheduled biopsy/surgery. One blood draw and a few milligrams of leftover tumor tissue will be taken for analysis of carboplatin-DNA adduct levels. The dose of carboplatin will be about 1/100th the therapeutic dose.

Carbon-14-labeled carboplatin

Chong-xian Pan, MD, PhD

Carboplatin kills cancer cells mainly through induction of DNA damage (drug-DNA adducts). The goal of this clinical trial is to determine if chemoresistance to carboplatin can be identified by measuring carboplatin-induced DNA monoadducts, the precursor of Pt-DNA diadducts or crosslinks, from subtherapeutic drug doses given prior to the initiation of chemotherapy. We hypothesize that low levels of carboplatin-DNA monoadducts and rapid drug-DNA adduct repair correlate with chemoresistance. A highly sensitive technology, called accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), will be used to measure carboplatin-DNA monoadducts from patient samples. AMS can measure C-14 at the attomole level in specimens of milligram size. In this study, patients will receive one non-toxic "microdose" (defined as 1/100th the therapeutic dose) of C-14-labeled carboplatin. Blood specimens will be drawn for determination of carboplatin-DNA monoadduct formation and repair in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and pharmacokinetics (PK) will be determined from serum ultrafiltrate. In patients microdosed prior to providing tumor samples, a few milligrams of leftover tumor biopsy/resection specimens will be analyzed for formation of carboplatin-DNA monoadducts. Patients will subsequently receive carboplatin-based chemotherapy. The levels of microdose-induced carboplatin-DNA monoadducts will be correlated with response to chemotherapy. Some blood and biopsy samples will be assayed by RT-PCR for several putative resistance markers at the mRNA level. Side effects will also be monitored and compared to the AMS data. This trial will also utilize PK, DNA repair and pharmacogenomics data in order to determine some of the underlying chemoresistance mechanisms.

Clinical Study of Microdosing Carboplatin in Lung or Bladder Cancer

A Phase 0 Clinical Trial of Microdosing Carboplatin and Molecular Profiling for Chemoresistance

Imaging studies (including CT, MRI, PET/CT and CXR) and cystoscopy will be performed to evaluate the response. The RECIST 1.1 will be used to determine the cancer response. Tumor response, including complete response (CR, or complete disappearance) or partial response (PR, at least a 30% decrease of target lesion) will be correlated with the patient's carboplatin-DNA monoadduct levels.

The half-life of carboplatin and the repair rate of DNA monoadducts (decrease of DNA monoadducts over 24 hours) in PBMC and tumor tissue will be determined and calculated. The ERCC1 expression levels will be determined with quantitative RT-PCR using beta-actin as the internal control. These parameters will be correlated with tumor response (CR or PR) to chemotherapy.

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

National Institutes of Health (NIH)

University of California, Davis

Spots Global Cancer Trial Database for phase 0 clinical trial