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Luspatercept

Pyruvate

Non-transfusion dependent (NTD), Low transfusion burden (LTB) , and High transfusion burden (HTB) patients

Etavopivat

Novo Nordisk

Clinical Transparency (dept. 2834), MD

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of etavopivat (FT-4202) for the treatment of anemia in adult patients with very low risk, low risk, or intermediate risk MDS.

A Study of Etavopivat for the Treatment of Anemia in Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

A Phase 2 Open-Label Study to Evaluate Etavopivat for the Treatment of Anemia in Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

Measure in number of patient incidence

This endpoint will be based on the combined incidence of:

* Non-transfusion dependent (NTD) patients: ≥ 1.5 g/dL increase in hemoglobin (Hb) from baseline maintained ≥ 8 consecutive weeks
* Low transfusion burden (LTB) patients: absence of any transfusion for ≥ 8 consecutive weeks
* High transfusion burden (HTB) patients: reduction by ≥ 50% of red blood cell (RBC) units for ≥ 8 consecutive weeks

Measure in number of patient incidence

This endpoint will be based on the combined incidence of:

* Non-transfusion dependent (NTD) patients: ≥ 1.5 g/dL increase in hemoglobin (Hb) from baseline maintained ≥ 16 consecutive weeks
* Low transfusion burden (LTB) patients: absence of any transfusion for ≥ 16 consecutive weeks
* High transfusion burden (HTB) patients: reduction by ≥ 50% of red blood cell (RBC) units for ≥ 16 consecutive weeks

Measure in number of patient incidence, per Chelson, 2006 International Working Group \[IWG\] Criteria

Measure in number of days, per 2006 IWG Criteria

Forma Therapeutics, Inc.

Carcinoma

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell

Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial

Neoplasms by Histologic Type

Transitional Cell Carcinoma

specimens com from drug-resistant bladder urothelial carcinoma patients.

specimens come from normal bladder urothelial carcinoma patients.

specimens come from non-tumoral patients.

Kuo-How Huang, M.D., Ph. D

Chin-Ling Huang

Kuo-How Huang, M.D.,Ph.D.

Kuo-How Huang, M.D., Ph.D.

Bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a common malignancy and the incidence is increasing by years in Taiwan. Chemoresistance was inevitable in treatment of metastatic disease and lead to the ominous outcomes. To develop novel therapeutic strategies to overcome chemoresistance is imperative. Cancer cells uptake glucose at higher rates than normal tissue but use most of glucose for glycolysis even under normoxia condition, which is known as the Warburg effect. Pyruvate kinase (PK) catalyzes the last step in the process of glycolysis, and one of it isoform--PKM2 has been reported to be associated with tumor progression and some specific tissues and promotes the Warburg effect in cancer cells.

Regulation of PKM2 can be a novel target of cancer therapy. Meanwhile, PKM2 may play a critical role in the development of drug resistance and can be a promising target to overcome drug resistance.

In this study, our specific aims are as follows:

1. To prove the differentia expression levels of PKM2 in UC cells and drug-resistant UC cells, as well as in human UC tissues and drug-resistant UC tissues.
2. To examine the effect of PKM2 regulations（PKM2 siRNA and shikonin）on invasiveness and metastatic ability of UC cells and clarify the role of PKM2 in human UC cells.
3. To investigate the combinatory effect of PKM2 regulations（PKM2 siRNA and shikonin）and currently used chemotherapeutic agents (cisplatin，gemcitabine ,doxorubicin). Do PKM2 regulations enhance the cytotoxic effect of chemotherapy and overcome the chemoresistance？
4. To further prove the in vitro findings in the nude mice xenograft model。

Tissue samples of tumors as well as normal-appearing mucosa collected in the tissue bank are to be used to examine the cellular and molecular events involved. Comparisons will be made to differentiate cellular changes between tumors and the normal counterparts.

The Role of Pyruvate Kinase M2 in Growth, Invasion and Drug Resistance in Human Urothelial Carcinoma

the IHC scores are acquired by IHC staining and the comparisons between each specimen are determined by IHC scores.

Study title	NCT ID	Conditions	Interventions	Eligibility	Organization
A Study of Etavopivat for the Treatment of Anemia in Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)	NCT05568225	Very Low Risk, ...	Etavopivat	18 Years -	Novo Nordisk A/S
The Role of Pyruvate Kinase M2 in Growth, Invasion and Drug Resistance in Human Urothelial Carcinoma	NCT01968928	Bladder Urothel...		20 Years - 80 Years	National Taiwan University Hospital
A Study of Etavopivat for the Treatment of Anemia in Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)	NCT05568225	Very Low Risk, ...	Etavopivat	18 Years -	Novo Nordisk A/S
The Role of Pyruvate Kinase M2 in Growth, Invasion and Drug Resistance in Human Urothelial Carcinoma	NCT01968928	Bladder Urothel...		20 Years - 80 Years	National Taiwan University Hospital

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