Heart and Blood Diseases

All Conditions

Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases

Symptoms and General Pathology

Heart Diseases

Obesity

Four environmental messages from the Meatless Monday campaign.

Four health messages from the Meatless Monday campaign.

Four neutral messages about checking one's credit score.

Participants will be randomized to view a set of four messages about the environmental harms of meat production from the Meatless Monday campaign.

Environmental message

Participants will be randomized to view a set of four messages about the health harms of meat consumption from the Meatless Monday campaign.

Health message

Participants will be randomized to view a set of four messages about checking their credit score.

Neutral Message

Hannah Rayala

Lindsey Smith Taillie, PhD

Purpose: To evaluate reactions to and opinions of a messaging campaign.

Participants: Participants will be recruited through Prime Panels and will be US-based adults (18 years old and older) who consumed red meat in the past 30 days.

Procedures (methods): After completing a screening question about meat consumption, participants will review a consent form. If they select to participate in the study, participants will be randomly assigned to view control messages, red meat-related environment messages, or red meat-related health messages. They will be asked a series of questions about these messages.

Participants will also be asked about grocery shopping preferences and standard demographics questions.

Excess consumption of red and processed meat is a growing problem, especially in the United States where meat is consumed more than three times the global average. Epidemiological evidence for the association between excess meat intake and negative health outcomes (such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes) as well as negative environmental impacts (such as pollution, overuse of resources, and carbon emissions) indicates that reducing meat consumption should be particularly pertinent to researchers and other public health professionals.

The potential of using widespread communication campaigns, such as Meatless Monday, to reduce meat consumption by educating individuals on the associated health and environmental risks appears to be promising. However, the current literature is missing information regarding what types of messages are most effective (e.g. negative environmental messages vs. negative health messages). To address this knowledge gap, our study will collect quantitative data in measurable outcomes to understand effectiveness and comprehension of environmental messages and health messages to reduce meat consumption.

Setting: This is an online study using Qualtrics, so this research does not involve talking to human participants.

Recruitment: Participants will be recruited through Prime Panels, a survey research firm through which participants voluntarily sign up to participate in research studies.

Informed Consent: Participants will read a written consent document that includes information about the study's purpose, expectations, and possible risks and benefits. Participants will acknowledge that they have read and agreed to the terms by clicking forward.

Randomization: Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: 1) control (about checking their credit score), 2) environment-focused Meatless Monday messages, or 3) health-focused Meatless Monday messages.

Assessment: Using an online platform (Qualtrics), participants will answer a screening question about red meat consumption. If they are eligible (consumption of red meat 1 time per week or more), they will proceed to the main study after reading and agreeing to the written consent form. Participants will then answer two questions about their belief in climate change. Participants will then view four messages in their ascribed conditions. After viewing all 4 messages, participants will answer a series of questions about the messages they viewed. Then, participants will answer a series of demographic questions. Participants will also answer questions about grocery shopping preferences.

Detailed description of the trial arms: This study is a three-armed between subjects' design. Participants will be randomized to view a set of four messages either about the environmental harms of meat production (intervention), the health harms of meat consumption (intervention), or about checking their credit score (control). The environmental and health harms messages were obtained from existing publicly available messages from the Meatless Monday campaign.

Evaluating a Messaging Campaign in the United States

Perceived effectiveness of the messages will be measured during the message using 4 items adapted from Baig et al. (2018): concern, unpleasantness, and discouragement. The averaged responses on the 4 items will be used to create a PME score. All 4 items are measured using a a 1 to 5 likert scale, with higher scores representing a higher amount of the construct.

Questions: How much do these messages...

* make you concerned about the health effects of eating red meat?
* make you concerned about the environmental effects of eating red meat?
* discourage you from wanting to eat red meat?
* make eating red meat seem unpleasant to you?

  1. Not at all, 2=Very little, 3=Somewhat, 4=Quite a bit, 5=A great deal).

How much the message grabs one's attention. Measured using a a 1 to 5 likert scale, with higher scores representing a higher amount of the construct.

How much the messages make one feel scared. Measured using a a 1 to 5 likert scale, with higher scores representing a higher amount of the construct.

How much the messages make one think about the environmental/health harms caused by eating meat. Measured using a a 1 to 5 likert scale, with higher scores representing a higher amount of the construct.

How much one is likely to talk about the message with others in the next week. Measured using a 1 to 5 likert scale, with higher scores representing a higher amount of the construct.

How much one intends to reduce red meat consumption in the next 30 days. Measured using a a 1 to 5 likert scale, with higher scores representing a higher amount of the construct.

Wellcome Trust

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Gland and Hormone Related Diseases

Neoplasms

Digestive System Diseases

Rare Diseases

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Diabetes Mellitus

Chronic Disease

Colorectal Neoplasms

Metabolic Diseases

Glucose Metabolism Disorders

Endocrine System Diseases

Intestinal Neoplasms

Gastrointestinal Neoplasms

Digestive System Neoplasms

Gastrointestinal Diseases

Colonic Diseases

Intestinal Diseases

Rectal Diseases

Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease

A diet supplemented with 760 g of cooked and boneless red meat per week, corresponding the average consumption of red meat in Finnish men.

A diet supplemented with legume-based foods providing 20% of protein intake and with 200 g per week of red meat providing 5% of protein intake.

560 g of cooked and boneless red meat is replaced with legume-based foods providing the equal amount of protein.

Partial replacement of red meat with legume-based foods

Anne-Maria Pajari, PhD

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of partial replacement of red meat with legume-based foods on gut metabolism and markers for colorectal cancer as well as markers for cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes in healthy working age men. The study participants will be stratified into two groups with different amounts of red meat in diet: 1) a diet containing 760 g of cooked and boneless red meat, supplying 25% of daily protein intake and 2) a diet supplying 20% of protein intake with legume-based foods and 5% of protein intake with red meat. The participants will get all meat and and legume-based foods from the research center; otherwise they will be asked to follow their habitual diet. Blood, urine, and stool samples will be collected at the baseline and at the end of the 6 week intervention, as well as BMI, blood pressure and body composition. Nutrient intake and food consumption will be analyzed from 4-day food records at the baseline and at the end of the intervention period.

A human intervention study with healthy volunteers will be carried out to investigate the effects of partial replacement of red meat with legume-based foods on gut metabolism and markers for colorectal cancer as well as biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes.

The study will be done in parallel-design, randomized fashion, with healthy male volunteers aged 20-65 years. Inclusion and exclusion criteria are described elsewhere. Duration of the intervention will be 6 weeks.

Intervention groups will be as follows (n=50/group):

Group 1: The habitual diet of participants is supplemented with 760 g of cooked and boneless red meat per week, representing the average meat consumption of Finnish men and supplying 25% of protein intake.

Group 2: The habitual diet of participants is supplemented with legume-based foods providing equal amount of protein as 560 g of red meat and 200 g of red meat per week.

The consumption of red meat and legumes will be kept stable throughout the intervention and participants are advised to avoid consuming any red meat or legumes in addition to those provided from the research center. The investigators also aim to investigate, whether replacing red meat with legumes induces other changes in diet. This information is be important if increasing legume consumption is recommended at the population level.

Before starting the intervention, participants will get dietary advice how to follow their diets. They will get the red meat and legume-based foods for free to help to implement the diets and to enhance compliance.

Blood, urine and fecal samples will be collected at the baseline and at the end of the intervention. Nutrient intake and food consumption during the intervention will be analyzed from 4-day food records at the baseline and at the end. Nutrient intakes will be calculated using a new Finnish 'Aromi' software.

The following data collection and analyses will be carried out at the baseline and at the end of the intervention period:

* height, weight, waist and hip circumferences
* body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis
* resting blood pressure
* fasting lipid profile in the plasma (total cholesterol, LDL and HDL, triglycerides)
* fasting glucose and insulin, HbA1c in the blood
* high sensitive C-reactive protein
* markers for nutritional status in plasma/serum: hemoglobin, transferrin receptor, ferritin, vitamin B12, folate, vitamin D
* urea/nitrogen in the urine
* total and heme-based N-nitroso compounds in feces, concentrations of bile acids, gut microbiota

Red meat consumption exceeds the recommendation in 76% of Finnish men, while only 26% of Finnish women eat red meat more than the recommended maximum of 500 g per week. Decreasing meat consumption and replacing meat with legumes would be particularly important and relevant in men.

Effects of Replacing Red Meat With Legumes on Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases in Healthy Men (Leg4Life)

Effects of Replacing Red and Processed Meat With Legume-based Foods on Nutrient Intake, Nutritional Status, Food Consumption, and Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Diseases, Colorectal Cancer, and Type 2 Diabetes in Healthy Working Age Men

The data collected is confidential and cannot be shared.

The composition of gut microbiota is measured using HITChip phylogenetic microarray.

The changes in the concentrations of total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol as well as plasma triglycerides.

The changes in the markers for nutritional status in plasma/serum: hemoglobin, transferrin receptor, ferritin, vitamin B12, folate. The intake of nutrients is calculated from 4-day food records.

The changes in gut microbiota are analyzed as a measure of diet modification.

Study title	NCT ID	Conditions	Interventions	Eligibility	Organization
Evaluating a Messaging Campaign in the United States	NCT04562636	Obesity Heart Diseases Cancer	Environmental m... Health message Neutral Message	18 Years -	University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Effects of Replacing Red Meat With Legumes on Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases in Healthy Men (Leg4Life)	NCT04599920	Colorectal Canc... Cardiovascular ... Type2 Diabetes	Partial replace...	20 Years - 65 Years	University of Helsinki
Evaluating a Messaging Campaign in the United States	NCT04562636	Obesity Heart Diseases Cancer	Environmental m... Health message Neutral Message	18 Years -	University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Spots Global Cancer Trial Database for red meat

Every month we try and update this database with for red meat cancer trials from around the world to help patients and their families find trials that might be right for them.
We offer this 100% free of charge and do not endorse any of the trials listed here, we hope it helps you or a loved one.

Spots Global Cancer Trial Database for red meat

Every month we try and update this database with for red meat cancer trials from around the world to help patients and their families find trials that might be right for them. We offer this 100% free of charge and do not endorse any of the trials listed here, we hope it helps you or a loved one.

Every month we try and update this database with for red meat cancer trials from around the world to help patients and their families find trials that might be right for them.
We offer this 100% free of charge and do not endorse any of the trials listed here, we hope it helps you or a loved one.