Neoplasms

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Breast Neoplasms

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Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating

Breast Carcinoma In Situ

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Bone Density Conservation Agents

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Tamoxifen

Hormones

Estrogens

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Hormone Antagonists

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Estrogen Receptor Modulators

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Tamoxifen 10 mg (1 tablet) every other day for 6 months.

Tamoxifen 10 mg (1 tablet) every other day for 6 months + 5:2 diet (5 days/week at regular energy intake+2 days a week at an average 75% energy deficit)

Step counter device + 5:2 diet (5 days/week at regular energy intake+2 days a week at an average 75% energy deficit)

One tablet of Tamoxifen 10 mg every other day for 6 months

Tamoxifen 10 mg Tablet

"5:2 diet": 5 days a week at regular energy intake and 2 days/week at 75% energy deficit (diet will be restricted at 500-800 kcal corresponding to a 75% reduction compared to normal size)

Intermittent caloric restriction

Participants will receive personal advice on healthy lifestyle and a step counter

Step counter Device

Bernardo Bonanni, MD

Aliana Guerrieri-Gonzaga, MSc

Andrea DeCensi, MD

Matilde Pensabene, MD

Stefania Zovato, MD

Circulating levels of Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) are significantly associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer.

The main aim of this clinical trial is to verify whether Low Dose Tamoxifen (LDT) increases circulating levels of SHBG more than lifestyle intervention (LI) with or without intermittent caloric restriction (ICR) after 6 months in women at increased risk of breast cancer (i.e., healthy participants carriers of a germline pathogenic/likely pathogenetic variant in at least one of the following genes: BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, ATM, CHEK2, CDH1, RAD51C or RAD51D, or with \> 5% breast cancer risk at 10 years, using the Tyrer Cuzick or the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium Risk models or with a recently resected intraepithelial neoplasia of the breast (IEN).

The secondary aims are:

* to verify whether ICR significantly modulates primary and secondary endpoints such as Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) index, immune and inflammatory markers, lipid profile, Adiponectin/Leptin (A/L) ratio, quality of life (QoL), Body mass index (BMI), fat body composition, safety and toxicity;
* to verify whether LDT significantly modulates secondary endpoints, such as HOMA-index, immune and inflammatory markers, lipid profile, A/L ratio, QoL, BMI, fat body composition, safety and toxicity;
* to investigate differences in microbiome composition by arms and the effect of changes in microbiome on QoL taking into account circulating biomarkers, cytokines, immune modulators, and inflammatory proteins in serum;
* to investigate MD (Mammographic Breast Density) changes by LDT vs. LI, with or without ICR. This aim will be performed in a subgroup of participants (not all the participants will undergo mammography due to younger age).

Italian, multicenter, phase II, biomarker trial. A total of 200 women aged 18-70 years will be randomly assigned (1:1:1:1) to one of the four intervention arms Arm 1: Low dose Tamoxifen (LDT) i.e. 10 mg every other day; Arm 2: Low dose Tamoxifen (LDT) + Intermittent Caloric Restriction (ICR); Arm 3: Lifestyle intervention (LI) using a step counter; Arm 4: Lifestyle intervention (LI) using a step counter + Intermittent Caloric Restriction (ICR).

Participants will be stratified by center and by disease status (high risk vs. previous IEN) and intervention will last six months for all arms.

Low Dose TamOxifen and LifestylE Changes for bReast cANcer prevenTion

Low Dose TamOxifen and LifestylE Changes for bReast cANcer prevenTion: a Randomized Phase II Biomarker Trial in Subjects at Increased Risk

Sex hormone binding globulin level after 6 months of intervention

Ente Ospedaliero Ospedali Galliera

Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS

Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale

European Institute of Oncology

Symptoms and General Pathology

Urinary Tract, Sexual Organs, and Pregnancy Conditions

Gland and Hormone Related Diseases

Syndrome

Ovarian Cysts

Cysts

Ovarian Diseases

Adnexal Diseases

Genital Diseases, Female

Genital Diseases

Urogenital Diseases

Female Urogenital Diseases

Pregnancy Complications

Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications

Gonadal Disorders

Endocrine System Diseases

Herbal and Botanical

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

Flax

Three different quantities of flax seed powder were intervened to the subjects. One group was given 15 grams of flax seed a day. Second group was given 20 grams and third group was given 25 grams off lax seed a day.

Intervention/ Dietary Supplement:

Flax seed powder

Three different quantities of flax seed powder were intervened to the subjects. One group was given 15 grams of flax seed a day. Second group was given 20 grams and third group was given 25 grams off lax seed a day.

Other Name: intervention

The controlled group was given no intervention. No intervention was done to this group.

Three different quantities of white flour were intervened to the subjects. One group was given 15 grams of white flour a day. Second group was given 20 grams and third group was given 25 grams of white flour a day.

Three different quantities of flax seed powder were intervened to the subjects. One group was given 15 grams of flax seed a day. Second group was given 20 grams and third group was given 25 grams off lax seed a day.

flaxseed powder

Khalid Mahmood, MPhill

The study was conducted to determine the therapeutic role of flax seed for Poly cystic ovary syndrome. A sample of 100 subjects were collected. The subjects were from various age group ranging from 18 to 45 years. Subjects showing the signs, symptoms, biochemical, and clinical parameters of the diseases were included in the study. Three different quantities of flax seed were introduced to the subjects for 90 days.

Objectives:

1. To assess the nutritional status of Poly cystic Ovary Syndrome patients
2. To determine the therapeutic role of flax seed for PCOS patients

Material and method: The level of follicle stimulating hormone, leutinizing hormone, sex hormone binding globulin, serum prolactin, ultrasound were analyzed. To determine the side effects of the flax seed, the liver-enzymatic, lipid profile, and renal tests were conducted.

Material and methods

Study Population:

The data were collected from the Allied Hospital. All Females of ages 18 to 45 years, having PCOS attending the OPD of Allied Hospital was taken as the study population. Efficacy trials were conducted on the patients of PCOS, including females of age 18-45 years. They were divided into different groups (as per no. of selected treatments along with the control). Ten subjects left the study and were replaced. The project was approved by the ethical review committee.The feeding study was conducted with the cooperation of Allied Hospital. The study protocol was discussed with medical professionals and finalized after through technical suggestions.

Selection of subjects and Study Design

The patients were assorted randomly into four groups, 25 in each, namely control (T0),

A total 100 female subjects were included in the study as under A) Control: To: 25 B) Experimental groups (PCOS): 75

1. T1: 25
2. T2: 25
3. T3: 25

Inclusion Criteria:

All females of age 18 to 45 having PCOS

Women showing the presence of two out of three features (Oligo- or anovulation, hyper-androgenism, or poly cystic ovaries (Ovarian volume \>10cc, 12 or more peripherally located follicles 2-9 mm in diameter or hypo-echoic enlarged ovaries with hyper-echoic central stroma in USG). Patients on Metformin (used for insulin resistance)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Females under 18 and above 45 years of age
* Those on any other medical therapy
* Pregnant and lactating women
* Those with a history of allergy to flax seed
* Women on anti-platelet and fibrinolytic drugs
* Women showing signs of PCOS but showing normal ovaries on ultrasound

Study Design

It was literature review based intervention study. The selected population for intervention purposes was studied twice, i.e. before and after the intervention of the selected nutraceutical. The same subjects were studied once again after one month of stopping the intake of selected nutraceutical. The change in results has confirmed the effects of the intervention.

This has been divided into four phases.

1. Phase-1:Assessment of the nutritional Status in PCOS
2. Phase -2:Development of nutraceutical (flaxseed sachets)
3. Phase -3:Intervention to study the effect of selected nutraceutical
4. Phase-4:Blood Analysis

   The procedure adopted in each of the above phases is explained as follows:

   Phase-1: Assessment of the nutritional status of selected patients

   This was done in Allied Hospital, patients attending OPD of gynecology ward was assessed for nutritional status. Following parameters were studied for this purpose
   * Family History
   * Medical history
   * Physical signs (thyroid gland, height, weight, skin, hair, breasts, belly, and BMI)
   * Menstrual cycle detail (menarche, frequency, duration, and severity)
   * History of dysmenorrhea
   * Ferriman-Gall way scoring for hirsutism
   * Marital status, parity, and difficulty in conception

   Phase -2: Development of Nutraceutical (flaxseed sachets)

   Procurement of raw materials Preparation of flax seed powder Preparation of flax seed sachets

   Phase-3: Intervention

   An acceptable number of human volunteers were selected keeping in view all ethical considerations. (25 in each group)
   1. Control group (To)
   2. Flaxseed (5 g) xTTS = 15 g/day (T1)
   3. Flaxseed (6.6 g) x TTS = 20 g/day (T2)
   4. Flaxseed (8.3 g) xTTS = 25 g/day (T3)

   The flaxseed powder from the selected treatments was given daily for a period of 12 weeks. The dietary history of the subjects was monitored with the help of a Food Diary on a weekly basis. Education/counselling were provided to the patients for necessary compliance with the restricted diet for PCOS.

   Phase-4: Blood Analysis and Ultrasound

   After three months of intervention blood tests: follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH) thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), serum prolactin, and ultrasound will be repeated.

   Biochemical assays

   Follicles stimulating hormone

   The blood sample was taken to determine the quantitative level of serum follicles stimulating hormone (FSH) in patients fed with flaxseed powder by following the Immuno-enzymatic calorimetric method (ELISA).

   Luteinizing hormone

   The blood sample was taken to determine the quantitative level of serum luteinizing hormone (LH) in patients fed with flaxseed powder by following the Immuno-enzymatic calorimetric method.

   Sex hormone binding globulin

   The serum sex hormone binding globulin hormone (SHBG) in patients fed with flaxseed powder was determined by following the Rosner's method.

   Prolactin

   The serum sex prolactin level in patients fed with flaxseed powder was determined by following the radio-immunological method.

   Thyroid stimulating hormone

   The thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level in patients fed with flaxseed powder was performed to determine the thyroid gland functioning by following the third-generation non-isotopic method.

   Liver Function Test

   Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)

   The activity of alanine phosphatase in the plasma was determined by using enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay kit method.

   Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)

   The activity alanine transferase in the plasma was determined by using di-nitrophenyl hydrazine (DNPH) method using Sigma kits 59-50 and 58-50 under the conditions.

   Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)

   The activity alanine aminotransferase in the plasma was determined by using enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay kit method.

   Lipid Profile

   Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

   Serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was estimated by following the protocol of Vinson.

   High-density lipoprotein (HDL)

   The high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was assessed by HDL-Cholesterol precipitation.

   Triglyceride

   The triglyceride in the collected serum was determined by liquid triglyceride (GPO-PAP) method.

   Renal Function Tests

   Urea

   The flax seed fed patients were diagnosed with urea content by GLDH method with the help of commercial kit.

   Creatinine

   The blood creatinine of the patients fed on flax seed powder was determined by the Jaffe method using creatinine commercial kit.

   Follicles present in ovaries

   Ultrasound of the ovaries was carried out to check the number of follicles present in the ovaries.

   Size of the ovaries

   The size of the ovaries of patients fed with flax seed powder was also checked in ultrasound.

   Fasting blood glucose level

   The blood sample was taken to check the fasting blood glucose level. The sample was taken eight hours after eating. Fasting blood glucose level as determined by glucose dye oxido-reductase mediator reaction which is specific for glucose by glucometer Accuchek active.

   Research instruments
   1. Questionnaire: For screening/nutritional assessment of PCOS patients
   2. Hormonal analysis: Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Sex Hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and serum prolactin.
   3. Biochemical assay: ALP, ALT, AST, urea, Creatinine, Fasting blood glucose level, LDL, HDL, and triglyceride.

   Ethical Considerations:Written ethical approval was taken from the management of the concerned hospital and HOD of Gynecology department of the selected hospital. The consent was taken from the subjects after explaining the purpose of the study and after getting their consent for their menstrual cycle history, blood tests and ultrasound.

   Statistical analysis

   The data were subjected to statistical analysis by using the SPSS statistical package, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least significant difference (LSD) was used to determine any significant difference among the treatments at p\<0.05.

Single-blinded trial, Intervention and placebo given

Therapeutic Role of Flax Seed for Poly Cystic Ovary Syndrome

The blood sample was taken to determine the quantitative level of serum follicles stimulating hormone (FSH) in patients fed with flaxseed powder by following the Immuno-enzymatic calorimetric method (ELISA).

The blood sample was taken to determine the quantitative level of serum luteinizing hormone (LH) in patients fed with flaxseed powder by following the Immuno-enzymatic calorimetric method (ELISA-ALPCO)

The serum sex hormone binding globulin hormone (SHBG) in patients fed with flaxseed powder was determined by following the Rosner's method.

The serum sex prolactin level in patients fed with flaxseed powder was determined by following the radio-immunological method.

The blood sample was taken to check the fasting blood glucose level. The sample was taken eight hours after eating. Fasting blood glucose level as determined by glucose dye oxido-reductase mediator reaction which is specific for glucose by glucometer Accuchek active

The thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level in patients fed with flaxseed powder was performed to determine the thyroid gland functioning by following the third-generation non-isotopic method.

Study title	NCT ID	Conditions	Interventions	Eligibility	Organization
Low Dose TamOxifen and LifestylE Changes for bReast cANcer prevenTion	NCT06033092	BRCA Mutation PALB2 Gene Muta... Ductal Carcinom... Lobular Carcino... ATM Gene Mutati... CHEK2 Gene Muta... CDH1 Gene Mutat... RAD51C Gene Mut... RAD51D Gene Mut...	Tamoxifen 10 mg... Intermittent ca... Step counter De...	18 Years - 70 Years	European Institute of Oncology
Low Dose TamOxifen and LifestylE Changes for bReast cANcer prevenTion	NCT06033092	BRCA Mutation PALB2 Gene Muta... Ductal Carcinom... Lobular Carcino... ATM Gene Mutati... CHEK2 Gene Muta... CDH1 Gene Mutat... RAD51C Gene Mut... RAD51D Gene Mut...	Tamoxifen 10 mg... Intermittent ca... Step counter De...	18 Years - 70 Years	European Institute of Oncology
Therapeutic Role of Flax Seed for Poly Cystic Ovary Syndrome	NCT03713138	Poly Cystic Ova...	flaxseed powder	18 Years - 45 Years	Allied Hospital Faisalabad
Therapeutic Role of Flax Seed for Poly Cystic Ovary Syndrome	NCT03713138	Poly Cystic Ova...	flaxseed powder	18 Years - 45 Years	Allied Hospital Faisalabad

Spots Global Cancer Trial Database for sex hormone binding globulin