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Neuroendocrine Tumors

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Neoplastic Cells, Circulating

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Neuroendocrine Tumor

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All Drugs and Chemicals

Lanreotide

Somatuline Autogel® to treat Functioning Midgut NeuroEndocrine Tumours (NET)

Somatuline Autogel injection 120mg for first 3 months then 120, 90 or 60 mg administered via the deep subcutaneous route every 28 days

lanreotide acetate

Matthew Hickling, MD

Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are detectable in the blood in around 50% of patients with functioning NeuroEndocrine Tumours (NET) arising in the midgut area (tumours which are secreting hormones and are located in the area in the middle of the digestive system) and their presence usually means that the prognosis for the patient is poor. CTCs have also been shown to be valuable as predictive markers following treatment and there is increasing interest in using CTCs as 'liquid biopsies' that can help to inform treatment decisions. CTC analysis has the benefit of being relatively non- invasive and quick compared with a conventional CT scan and is therefore an attractive method of monitoring the tumour throughout the treatment period.

The purpose of this study is to assess the clinical value that enumeration will have in predicting the clinical symptomatic response and progression free survival in patients receiving Somatuline Autogel for functioning midgut NETs over a one year period.

Circulating Tumour Cells in Somatuline Autogel Treated NeuroEndocrine Tumours Patients

A Phase IV, Multicentre, Open Label, Single Group Exploratory Study to Assess the Clinical Value of Enumeration of Circulating Tumour Cells (CTCs) to Predict Clinical Symptomatic Response and Progression Free Survival in Patients Receiving Deep Subcutaneous Administrations of Somatuline® (Lanreotide) Autogel® to Treat the Symptoms of Functioning Midgut NeuroEndocrine Tumours (NET)

This endpoint was assessed using 2 efficacy variables:

* CTCs, enumerated at baseline and Weeks 5, 17, 25, 53
* Clinical symptomatic response, assessed by the use of symptom reporting

Subjects recorded 24-hour symptom frequency and severity for 7 days prior to first treatment (baseline), throughout the study, and up to 28 days following final drug administration. Symptoms were recorded by answering predetermined questions on the interactive voice response system (IVRS).

Subjects were considered to have a clinical symptomatic response between baseline and last study visit if any 1 of the following criteria were fulfilled: the average number of episodes of diarrhoea decreased by at least 50%, the average number of episodes of flushing decreased by at least 50%, the mode severity of flushing decreased by at least 1 level. Clinical symptomatic response was assessed as a qualitative variable (Yes/No) and reported according to CTC presence at baseline and overall.

Subjects underwent Computed Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans at baseline, Visit 8 (Week 25) and Visit 15 (Week 53). Progression was assessed by investigators using RECIST v1.1, and classified as a complete response, partial response, stable disease, progressive disease or non evaluable.

The time point responses at Week 25 and Week 53 were analysed by CTC presence at baseline and overall. The percentage of subjects within each response category are presented. Percentages are based on the number of subjects in the concerned population with available responses.

The effect of lanreotide Autogel on the symptoms of diarrhoea and flushing in subjects was assessed through subject reporting of symptoms every 24-hours for the 7 days prior to treatment (baseline), for the first 16 weeks and on days 11 to 17 after each subsequent injection interval. After the final study drug injection at Week 49, subjects provided 24-hour symptom frequency on days 11 to 28 (up to Week 53). Symptom frequency was recorded by answering predetermined questions on the IVRS.

Mean change from baseline in frequency (number of episodes) of diarrhoea and flushing are described at Visit 2 (average number of episodes in Week 1) and at Visit 14 (average number of episodes over days 11 to 17 after Week 49 injection and over days 11 to 28 after Week 49 injection) by CTC presence at baseline and overall. A negative change indicates an improvement in symptoms from baseline.

The effect of lanreotide Autogel on the mode severity of flushing was assessed through subject reporting of symptoms every 24-hours for the 7 days prior to treatment (baseline), for the first 16 weeks and on days 11 to 17 after each subsequent injection interval until Week 49. After the final study drug injection at Week 49, subjects provided 24-hour symptom severity on days 11 to 28 (up to Week 53). Symptom severity was recorded by answering predetermined questions on the IVRS using a three-point system (mild, moderate or severe). The mode (most frequent) intensity of flushing are reported at baseline and at Visit 14 (average number of episodes over days 11 to 17 after Week 49 injection and over days 11 to 28 after Week 49 injection). Percentages of subjects in each severity category are based on the number of subjects in the analysis set with available responses. Data is presented according to CTC presence at baseline and overall.

The effect of lanreotide Autogel treatment on QoL was assessed using the EORTC QLQ-C30 at baseline, Weeks 13 (Visit 5), 25 (Visit 8) and 53 (Visit 15/end of study). The 30 item scale is divided into 9 multi item scales (including 5 functional scales, 1 global health status/QoL scale and 3 general symptom scales) and 6 single items. Possible answers to the first 28 items (all items except the 2 concerning global quality of life) go from 1 (Not at all) to 4 (Very much). The answers for the 2 last questions (Q29- 30) go from 1 (Very poor) to 7 (Excellent). All of the scales and single-item measures range in score from 0 to 100. For multi-item scales, the raw score will be calculated by the addition of item responses divided by the number of items. Higher scores for global health and functional domains indicate a better QoL, while higher symptom scores indicate worse symptoms.

The mean change from baseline at each time point is reported for each of the category subscores.

The effect of lanreotide Autogel treatment on QoL was assessed using the EORTC QLQ-G.I.NET21 at baseline, Weeks 13 (Visit 5), 25 (Visit 8) and 53 (Visit 15/end of study). The QLQ-G.I.NET21 questionnaire contained 21 questions that used a 4-point scale (1 = Not at all, 2 = A little, 3 = Quite a bit, 4 = Very much) to evaluate 3 defined multi-item symptom scales (endocrine, gastrointestinal and treatment related side effects), 2 single item symptoms (bone/muscle pain and concern about weight loss), 2 psychosocial scales (social function and disease-related worries) and 2 other single items (sexuality and communication). Each individual subscore was transformed to range from 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate worse symptoms or more problems. The mean change from baseline at each time point is reported for each of the category subscores.

Subjects underwent CT or MRI scans at baseline and Week 53. Progression was assessed by investigators using RECIST v1.1. The best overall response to study treatment is the highest time point response achieved by the subject and was assessed as a complete response, partial response, stable disease, progressive disease or non evaluable. For analysis of PFS, event dates were assigned to the first time that progressive disease was noted or the date of death. In case of progressive disease followed by death, the first event was considered in the analysis. Censoring dates were defined in subjects with no progressive disease or death before end of study.

At one year (end of study), the mean percentage of subjects who were alive and progression free, as calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, is reported by CTC presence and overall.

Ipsen

Treatment emergent adverse events are reported and defined as any adverse event that occurred from the first study drug injection until 28 days after the last study drug injection.

Subjects received deep subcutaneous injections of lanreotide Autogel for 1 year to treat the symptoms of functioning midgut NETs.

A washout period was required for subjects receiving either subcutaneous octreotide (at least 2 weeks) or 1 injection of long-acting somatostatin analogue (at least 6 weeks) prior to treatment in the study.

Initially subjects began treatment with a dose of lanreotide Autogel 120 mg every 28 days for 3 months. Thereafter, the dose administered was determined on an individual subject basis by the treating clinician. Subjects could remain on the 120 mg dose, or be titrated to either 60 mg or 90 mg lanreotide Autogel, administered every 28 days according to their symptomatic response.

Lanreotide Autogel

years

Age, Continuous

Sex: Female, Male

Race (NIH/OMB)

Medical Director

Clinical symptomatic response as dependent variable and CTC presence at baseline as explanatory variable was used to perform the logistic regression analysis.

Clinical Symptomatic Response = Yes(2)

Clinical Symptomatic Response = No(3)

Subjects with a baseline presence of CTCs, determined by either or both baseline CTC blood samples having a CTC enumeration \>0.

Baseline is defined as the 7 days preceding the first study treatment injection, or for subjects who required a washout period, these 7 days were during the washout period.

CTC Presence at Baseline

Subjects with no baseline presence of CTCs, determined by both baseline CTC blood samples having a CTC enumeration = 0.

Baseline is defined as the 7 days preceding the first study treatment injection, or for subjects who required a washout period, these 7 days were during the washout period.

No CTC Presence at Baseline

Analysis was performed on the Intention-to-treat (ITT) population, defined as all enrolled subjects who received at least one injection of study medication. Only subjects with data available for analysis are presented.

Assessment of Clinical Symptomatic Response

Week 25: Complete Response

Week 25: Partial Response

Week 25: Stable Disease

Week 25: Progressive Disease

Week 25: Non evaluable

Week 53: Complete Response

Week 53: Partial Response

Week 53: Stable Disease

Week 53: Progressive Disease

Week 53: Non evaluable

Analysis was performed on subjects from the ITT population, defined as all enrolled subjects who received at least one injection of study medication. Only subjects with data available for analysis are presented.

Percentage of Subjects With Time Point Responses According to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) Assessments at Weeks 25 and 53

Diarrhoea: Visit 2 (daily)

Diarrhoea: Visit 14 (days 11-17)

Diarrhoea: Visit 14 (days 11-28)

Flushing: Visit 2 (daily)

Flushing: Visit 14 (days 11-17)

Flushing: Visit 14 (days 11-28)

Subjects whose CTC status at baseline could not be evaluated as both CTC blood samples were missing. Baseline is defined as the 7 days preceding the first study treatment injection, or for subjects who required a washout period, these 7 days were during the washout period.

Missing CTC Status at Baseline

Analysis was performed on the ITT population, defined as all enrolled subjects who received at least one injection of study medication. Only subjects with data available for analysis at each time point are reported.

Mean Change From Baseline in Number of Episodes of Diarrhoea and Flushing

No flushing: Baseline

Mild: Baseline

Moderate: Baseline

Severe: Baseline

No flushing: Visit 14 (days 11-17)

Mild: Visit 14 (days 11-17)

Moderate: Visit 14 (days 11-17)

Severe: Visit 14 (days 11-17)

No flushing: Visit 14 (days 11-28)

Mild: Visit 14 (days 11-28)

Moderate: Visit 14 (days 11-28)

Severe: Visit 14 (days 11-28)

Analysis was performed on the ITT population, defined as all enrolled subjects who received at least one injection of study medication. Only subjects with data available for analysis are presented.

Mode Symptom Severity of Episodes of Flushing

Physical functioning: Visit 5

Physical functioning: Visit 8

Physical functioning: End of study

Role functioning: Visit 5

Role functioning: Visit 8

Role functioning: End of study

Emotional functioning: Visit 5

Emotional functioning: Visit 8

Emotional functioning: End of study

Cognitive functioning: Visit 5

Cognitive functioning: Visit 8

Cognitive functioning: End of study

Social functioning: Visit 5

Social functioning: Visit 8

Social functioning: End of study

Global QoL: Visit 5

Global QoL: Visit 8

Global QoL: End of study

Fatigue: Visit 5

Fatigue: Visit 8

Fatigue: End of study

Nausea and vomiting: Visit 5

Nausea and vomiting: Visit 8

Nausea and vomiting: End of study

Pain: Visit 5

Pain: Visit 8

Pain: End of study

Dyspnoea: Visit 5

Dyspnoea: Visit 8

Dyspnoea: End of study

Insomnia: Visit 5

Insomnia: Visit 8

Insomnia: End of study

Appetite loss: Visit 5

Appetite loss: Visit 8

Appetite loss: End of study

Constipation: Visit 5

Constipation: Visit 8

Constipation: End of study

Diarrhoea: Visit 5

Diarrhoea: Visit 8

Diarrhoea: End of study

Financial difficulties: Visit 5

Financial difficulties: Visit 8

Financial difficulties: End of study

Quality of Life (QoL) Questionnaire: European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QoL Questionnaire (QLQ)-C30

Endocrine symptoms: Visit 5

Endocrine symptoms: Visit 8

Endocrine symptoms: End of study

Gastrointestinal symptoms: Visit 5

Gastrointestinal symptoms: Visit 8

Gastrointestinal symptoms: End of study

Treatment symptoms: Visit 5

Treatment symptoms: Visit 8

Treatment symptoms: End of study

Social function: Visit 5

Social function: Visit 8

Social function: End of study

Disease related worries: Visit 5

Disease related worries: Visit 8

Disease related worries: End of study

Muscle/Bone pain: Visit 5

Muscle/Bone pain: Visit 8

Muscle/Bone pain: End of study

Sexual function: Visit 5

Sexual function: Visit 8

Sexual function: End of study

Information/communication function: Visit 5

Information/communication function: Visit 8

Information/communication function: End of study

Body image: Visit 5

Body image: Visit 8

Body image: End of study

QoL Questionnaire: EORTC QLQ-G.I.NET21

Percentage of Subjects Alive and Progression Free at One Year

Subjects received deep subcutaneous injections of lanreotide Autogel for 1 year to treat the symptoms of functioning midgut NETs.

A washout period was required for subjects receiving either subcutaneous octreotide (at least 2 weeks) or 1 injection of long-acting somatostatin analogue (at least 6 weeks) prior to treatment in the study.

Initially subjects began treatment with a dose of lanreotide Autogel 120 milligrams (mg) every 28 days for 3 months. Thereafter, the dose administered was determined on an individual subject basis by the treating clinician. Subjects could remain on the 120 mg dose, or be titrated to either 60 mg or 90 mg lanreotide Autogel, administered every 28 days according to their symptomatic response.

Overall Study

Blood and Lymph Conditions

Immune System Diseases

Castleman Disease

Lymphoproliferative Disorders

Lymphatic Diseases

Immunoproliferative Disorders

Unicentric Castleman Disease

Multicentric Castleman Disease

Analgesics

Antipyretics

Antibodies

Antibodies, Monoclonal

Histamine Antagonists

Histamine H1 Antagonists

Immunoglobulins

Siltuximab

Siltuximab 11 mg/kg will be administered as a 1-hour intravenous infusion every 3 weeks + BSC.

Placebo will be administered as a 1-hour intravenous infusion every 3 weeks + BSC. Participants who do not respond to placebo during the blinded treatment period will have option to crossover and receive siltuximab 11 mg/kg which will be administered by 1-hour intravenous infusion every 3 weeks + BSC during the unblinded treatment period.

Siltuximab 11 mg/kg will be administered by 1-hour intravenous infusion every 3 weeks

Placebo will be administered by 1-hour intravenous infusion every 3 weeks

Placebo

BSC included treatment for effusions, antipyretics, antipuretics, antihistamines, pain medication, treatment for infections, transfusions, management of infusion-related reactions, and corticosteroids.

Best Supportive Care (BSC)

Janssen Research & Development, LLC Clinical Trial

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that CNTO 328 when administered in combination with best supportive care (BSC) is superior to BSC in terms of durable tumor and symptomatic response (complete response or partial response) among patients with Multicentric Castleman's Disease.

This is a multicenter (study conducted at multiple sites), randomized (the study medication is assigned by chance), double blind (neither investigator nor the participant knows the treatment that the participant receives), placebo controlled (an inactive substance that is compared with the study medication to test whether the study medication has a real effect in clinical study), study to assess the efficacy and safety of CNTO 328 plus BSC compared with BSC in patients with symptomatic Multicentric Castleman's Disease. The study mainly consists of 3 phases, including: the screening phase (majority of assessments performed within 28 days of first dose), the treatment phase (blinded and unblinded), and the follow up phase. In the blinded treatment phase, approximately 78 patients will be randomly assigned in 1:2 ratios to either of 2 treatment groups, ie, Placebo + BSC, or CNTO 328 + BSC. Participants receiving placebo + BSC during blinded treatment period who do not respond and have treatment failure will have the option to crossover and receive siltuximab + BSC during unbllinded treatent period. The follow up phase will be 3 months after last dose of study medication and the survival will be followed up until the study ends. Safety evaluations for adverse events, clinical laboratory tests, electrocardiogram, vital signs, patient-recorded temperature, and physical examination will be monitored throughout the study. The total study duration will be 5 years after the last patient starts study medication.

A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of CNTO328 Plus Best Supportive Care in Multicentric Castleman's Disease

A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of CNTO 328 (Anti IL 6 Monoclonal Antibody) Plus Best Supportive Care Compared With Best Supportive Care in Subjects With Multicentric Castleman's Disease

Durable tumor and symptomatic response is complete response (CR) + partial response (PR). CR: complete disappearance of all measurable and evaluable disease (eg, pleural effusion) and resolution of baseline symptoms attributed to multicentric Castleman's disease, sustained for at least 18 weeks. PR: \>=50 percent decrease in sum of the product of the diameters of indicator lesion(s), with at least stable disease in all other evaluable disease in the absence of treatment failure sustained for at least 18 weeks. The statistical analysis shows difference in symptomatic response rate (siltuximab+best supportive care \[BSC\] minus Placebo+BSC).

Duration of tumor and symptomatic response is defined as time from first documentation of tumor and symptomatic response (CR or PR) to treatment failure. Whenever possible, treatment failure documented by the appearance of new lesions should be confirmed by histologic examination of the new lesions. Symptomatic response is complete response (CR) + partial response (PR). CR: complete disappearance of all measurable and evaluable disease (eg, pleural effusion) and resolution of baseline symptoms attributed to multicentric Castleman's disease, sustained for at least 18 weeks. PR: \>=50 percent decrease in sum of the product of the diameters of indicator lesion(s), with at least stable disease in all other evaluable disease in the absence of treatment failure sustained for at least 18 weeks.

Overall tumor response is CR + PR assessed according to Cheson criteria. CR: complete disappearance of all measurable and evaluable disease (eg, pleural effusion). PR: a \>=50 percent decrease in sum of the product of the diameters of index lesion(s), with at least stable disease in all other evaluable disease. Statistical analysis shows difference of overall response rates (siltuximab+best supportive care \[BSC\] minus Placebo+BSC).

Duration of tumor response is defined as time from first documentation of tumor response to tumor progression. Tumour response is complete response (CR) + partial response (PR) as assessed according to Cheson criteria. CR: complete disappearance of all measurable and evaluable disease (eg, pleural effusion). PR: a \>=50 percent decrease in sum of the product of the diameters of index lesion(s), with at least stable disease in all other evaluable disease. Statistical analysis shows difference of overall response rates (siltuximab+best supportive care \[BSC\] minus Placebo+BSC).

Time to treatment failure was defined as the time from randomization until the participant fails treatment. Treatment failure was defined as any of the following: a sustained increase from baseline in disease related symptoms \>=Grade 2 persisting for at least 3 weeks despite best supportive care (BSC); onset of any new disease related Grade 3 or higher symptom despite BSC; sustained (ie, at least 3 weeks) deterioration in performance status (increase from baseline in Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status by more than 1 point) despite BSC; radiologic progression, as measured by modified Cheson criteria; Initiation of any other therapy intended to treat multicentric Castleman's disease ie, prohibited treatments. Statistical analysis shows difference in treatment failure rate (siltuximab+BSC minus Placebo+BSC).

Hemoglobin response rate is defined as percentage of participants who achieved \>= 15 g/L hemoglobin at Week 13.

Hemoglobin response rate is defined as percentage of participants who achieved \>= 20 g/L hemoglobin at Week 13.

Percentage of participants who discontinued corticosteroids during blinded treatment period and who were dependent on corticosteroids at baseline (Day 1 of Cycle 1).

Overall survival was defined as percent chance of survival of participants who were still alive at 6 years from time of first study treatment was analyzed.

Study title	NCT ID	Conditions	Interventions	Eligibility	Organization
Circulating Tumour Cells in Somatuline Autogel Treated NeuroEndocrine Tumours Patients	NCT02075606	NeuroEndocrine ...	lanreotide acet...	18 Years -	Ipsen
A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of CNTO328 Plus Best Supportive Care in Multicentric Castleman's Disease	NCT01024036	Multicentric Ca...	Siltuximab Placebo Best Supportive...	18 Years -	Janssen Research & Development, LLC
A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of CNTO328 Plus Best Supportive Care in Multicentric Castleman's Disease	NCT01024036	Multicentric Ca...	Siltuximab Placebo Best Supportive...	18 Years -	Janssen Research & Development, LLC

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