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Brief Title: A Study to Compare Darolutamide Given With Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) With ADT in Men With Hormone Sensitive Prostate Cancer and Raise of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Levels After Local Therapies
Official Title: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Phase 3 Study of Darolutamide Plus Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) Compared With Placebo Plus ADT in Patients With High-risk Biochemical Recurrence (BCR) of Prostate Cancer
Study ID: NCT05794906
Brief Summary: Researchers are looking for a better way to treat men at high-risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer. BCR means that in men who had prostate cancer and were treated by either surgery and/ or radiation therapy, the blood level of a specific protein called PSA rises. PSA is a marker of prostate cancer cells activity. The PSA increase means that the cancer has come back even though conventional imaging such as computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and bone scans does not show any lesion of prostate cancer. Recently a more sensitive imaging method called prostate-specific membrane antigen \[PSMA\] positron emission tomography \[PET\]) /computed tomography \[CT\]) scan may identify prostate cancer lesions not detectable by conventional imaging. Men with BCR have a higher risk of their cancer spreading to other parts of the body, particularly when PSA levels raised to a certain limit within a short period of time after local therapies. Once the cancer spreads to other parts of the body, it can become even harder to treat. In men with prostate cancer, male sex hormones (also called androgens) like testosterone can help the cancer grow and spread. To reduce androgens levels in these patients, there are treatments that block androgens production in the body called androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). ADT is often used to stop prostate cancer. Another way to stop prostate cancer growth and spread is to block the action of androgen receptors on prostate cancer cells called androgen receptor inhibitors (ARIs). The new generation ARIs including darolutamide can block the action of androgens receptors and are available for the treatment of prostate cancer in addition to ADT. It is already known that men with prostate cancer benefit from these treatments. The main objective of this study is to learn if the combination of darolutamide and ADT prolongs the time that the participants live without their cancer getting worse, or to death due to any cause, compared to placebo (which is a treatment that looks like a medicine but does not have any medicine in it) and ADT given for a pre-specified duration of 24 months. To do this, the study team will measure the time from the date of treatment allocation to the finding of new cancer spread in the participants by using PSMA PET/CT, or death due to any cause. The PSMA PET/CT scans is performed using a radioactive substance called a "tracer" that specifically binds to the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) which is a protein often found in large amounts on prostate cancer cells. To avoid bias in treatment, the study participants will be randomly (by chance) allocated to one of two treatment groups. Based on the allocated treatment group, the participants will either take darolutamide plus ADT or placebo plus ADT twice daily as tablets by mouth. The study will consist of a test (screening) phase, a treatment phase and a follow-up phase. The treatment duration is pre-specified to be 24 months unless the cancer gets worse, the participants have medical problems, or they leave the study for any reason. In addition, image guided radiotherapy (IGRT) or surgery is allowed and your doctor will explain the benefits and risks of this type of therapy. During the study, the study team will: * take blood and urine samples. * measure PSA and testosterone levels in the blood samples * do physical examinations * check the participants' overall health * examine heart health using electrocardiogram (ECG) * check vital signs * check cancer status using PSMA PET/CT scans, CT, MRI and bone scans * take tumor samples (if required) * ask the participants if they have medical problems About 30 days after the participants have taken their last treatment, the study doctors and their team will check the participants' health and if their cancer worsened. The study team will continue to check this and regularly ask the participants questions about medical problems and subsequent therapies until they leave the study for any reason or until they leave the study for any reason or until the end of the study, whatever comes first.
Detailed Description:
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Eligible Ages: ADULT, OLDER_ADULT
Sex: MALE
Healthy Volunteers: No
Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
Arizona Institute of Urology, Tucson, Arizona, United States
City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
Tower Urology, Inc, Los Angeles, California, United States
University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California, United States
UCSF Med Center Helen Diller Family Comp Cancer Center, San Francisco, California, United States
Colorado Urology (Colorado Clinical Research), Lakewood, Colorado, United States
Clermont Oncology Center, Clermont, Florida, United States
University of Florida - Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida, United States
Mid Florida Cancer Centers, Orange City, Florida, United States
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine - Department of Urology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States
Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States
Urology of Indiana, LLC, Greenwood, Indiana, United States
First Urology PSC, Jeffersonville, Indiana, United States
University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
Chesapeake Urology Associates, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
Johns Hopkins Univ School Med|Sidney Kimmel Comp Cancer Cntr, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
UMass Memorial Medical Center - University Campus, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States
Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute - Detroit, Detroit, Michigan, United States
Michigan Institute of Urology, PC, Troy, Michigan, United States
University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States
Urology Cancer Center, PC, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
New Jersey Urology (NJU), Saddle Brook, New Jersey, United States
New Jersey Urology, LLC, Voorhees, New Jersey, United States
NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, United States
Associated Medical Professionals of NY, PLLC, Syracuse, New York, United States
White Plains Hospital, White Plains, New York, United States
Alliance Urology Specialists, Greensboro, North Carolina, United States
Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
The Urology Group, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States
MidLantic Urology - Bala Cynwyd, Bala-Cynwyd, Pennsylvania, United States
Urological Associates of Lancaster, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, United States
Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
Bon Secours St. Francis Hospital, Greenville, South Carolina, United States
Carolina Urological Research Center, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, United States
Urology Austin, PLLC (an affiliate of Urology America), Austin, Texas, United States
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center-Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States
Urology San Antonio, PA dba USA Clinical Trials, San Antonio, Texas, United States
The Urology Place, San Antonio, Texas, United States
Spokane Urology PS, Spokane, Washington, United States
Blacktown Hospital, Blacktownn, New South Wales, Australia
Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
South Western Sydney Local Health District | Liverpool Hospital - Stroke and Neurovascular Department, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
Macquarie University Hospital, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
GenesisCare Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
Port Macquarie Base Hospital, Port Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia
St Vincents Hospital Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Sydney Adventist Hospital, Wahroonga, New South Wales, Australia
Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Bundaberg Hospital, Genesis Cancer Care - Bundaberg, Bundaberg, Queensland, Australia
Wide Bay Hospital and Health Service - Hervey Bay Hospital, Pialba, Queensland, Australia
Tasman Health Care, Southport, Queensland, Australia
Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
Eastern Clinical Research Unit - Box Hill, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
Epworth HealthCare, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Cabrini Medical Centre, Malvern, Victoria, Australia
Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
Northern Hospital, Epping, , Australia
Barwon Health, Geelong, , Australia
Austin Health, Heidelberg, , Australia
Western Urology, Maribyrnong, , Australia
Prince of Wales Hospital NSW, Randwick, , Australia
Ordensklinikum Linz GmbH Elisabethinen, Linz, Oberösterreich, Austria
Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen BrĂŒder, Vienna, Wien, Austria
Medizinische Universitaet Graz - Klinische Abteilung fĂŒr Onkologie - Innere Medizin, Graz, , Austria
Medizinische UniversitÀt Innsbruck, Innsbruck, , Austria
Uniklinikum Salzburg - Landeskrankenhaus, Salzburg, , Austria
Medizinische UniversitĂ€t Wien UniversitĂ€tsklinik f. Innere Medizin I Klinische Abteilung fĂŒr Onkologie, Wien, , Austria
Institut Jules Bordet/Jules Bordet Instituut, Bruxelles, , Belgium
AZ Maria Middelares - Oncology, Gent, , Belgium
UZ Gent - department Urology, Gent, , Belgium
Jessa ziekenhuis - department Oncology, Hasselt, , Belgium
AZ Groeninge Campus Kennedylaan - Urology, Kortrijk, , Belgium
UZ Leuven - department Uro-oncology, Leuven, , Belgium
AssistĂȘncia Multidisciplinar em Oncologia (AMO), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
Liga Paranaense de Combate ao Cancer-Hosp Erasto Gaertner, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
Liga Norte Riograndense Contra o Cancer | Centro de Pesquisa ClĂnica, Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte, Brazil
Hospital Moinhos de Vento-Centro ClĂnico, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, SĂŁo Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Inst. de AssistĂȘncia MĂ©dica ao SĂ©rvidor PĂșblico Estadual, SĂŁo Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein | Morumbi - Clinical Research Department, SĂŁo Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Hospital Sirio Libanes, Sao Paulo, , Brazil
Prostate Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
BCCA-Vancouver Island Centre, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
St. Joseph's Healthcare - Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada
Princess Margaret Cancer Centre - UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Urology South Shore Research - Research Department, Greenfield Park, Quebec, Canada
Hopital Hotel-Dieu de Levis, Levis, Quebec, Canada
Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital - Radiation Oncology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
BC Cancer - Abbotsford Centre, Abbotsford, , Canada
Kaye Edmonton Clinic - Dianne and Irving Kipnes Urology Centre, Edmonton, , Canada
CISSS de l'Outaouais - Hopital de Gatineau - Centre de cancerolgie, Gatineau, , Canada
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS) - Hopital Fleurimont, Sherbrooke, , Canada
Centre integre universitaire de sante et de services sociaux de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du-Quebec - Radio-oncologie, Trois-rivieres, , Canada
Zhongnan hospital ,Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohehot, Inner Mongolia, China
Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, Jiangsu, China
West China Hospital,Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) - East Location, Beijing, , China
Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital - The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, , China
Ruijin Hosp. Shanghai Jiaotong Univ.School of Medicine, Shanghai, , China
Tianjin Cancer Hospital, Airport Hospital, Tianjin, , China
Fakultni nemocnice u Sv. Anny, Onkologicko-chirurgicke oddeleni, Brno, , Czechia
Masarykova Univerzita - Masarykuv Onkologicky Ustav (MOU) - Klinika Komplexni Onkologicke Pece (KKOP), Brno, , Czechia
Multiscan s.r.o., Department: Ambulance klinické onkologie Nemocnice Horovice, Horovice, , Czechia
Fakultni Nemocnice Olomouc (FNOL) - Onkologicka Klinika, Olomouc, , Czechia
Vseobecna fakultni nemocnice - Urologicka klinika, Praha, Praha 2, , Czechia
Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, , Denmark
Aarhus Universitetshospital, Aarhus N, , Denmark
Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, , Denmark
Docrates Klinikka, Helsinki, , Finland
HUS, Meilahden sairaala, Helsinki, , Finland
Oulun yliopistollinen sairaala, Oulu, , Finland
Tampereen yliopistollinen sairaala, keskussairaala, Tampere, , Finland
Turun yliopistollinen keskussairaala, Turku, , Finland
Centre d'oncologie du Pays Basque, Bayonne, , France
HĂŽpital Pellegrin - Bordeaux, Bordeaux, , France
Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-ferrand, , France
Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP) - Hopitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor (Hopital Henri-Mondor), Creteil, , France
Centre Georges Francois Leclerc Dijon, Dijon, , France
CHU GRENOBLE - Hopital Michallon, Grenoble, , France
HĂŽpital Claude Huriez - Lille, Lille, , France
HĂŽpital de la Timone - Marseille, Marseille, , France
Clinique Clementville, Montpellier, , France
Institut Curie - Ulm - Paris, PARIS cedex 5, , France
Hopital Bichat - Paris, Paris, , France
Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre Benite, , France
Institut de Cancérologie Jean Godinot, Reims, , France
HĂŽpital Pontchaillou, Rennes Cedex, , France
Institue Curie - Saint-Cloud, Saint-cloud, , France
Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest - Saint Herblain, Saint-Herblain, , France
ICANS - Institut de Cancérologie de Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg, , France
HĂŽpital Bretonneau, Tours, , France
Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine - Alexis Vautrin, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, , France
Institut Gustave Roussy - DĂ©partement de MĂ©decine Oncologique, Villejuif Cedex, , France
Klinikum Mannheim GmbH, Mannheim, Baden-WĂŒrttemberg, Germany
Studienpraxis Urologie, NĂŒrtingen, Baden-WĂŒrttemberg, Germany
Klinikum rechts der Isar, MĂŒnchen, Bayern, Germany
Klinikum der UniversitĂ€t WĂŒrzburg, WĂŒrzburg, Bayern, Germany
UniversitÀtsklinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe UniversitÀt, Frankfurt, Hessen, Germany
StÀdtisches Klinikum Braunschweig gGmbH, Braunschweig, Niedersachsen, Germany
UniversitÀtsmedizin der Georg-August-UniversitÀt Göttingen, Göttingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
Marienhospital Herne UniversitÀtsklinik, Herne, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
UniversitÀtsklinikum Köln, Köln, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
UniversitĂ€tsklinikum MĂŒnster (UKM), MĂŒnster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
Medizinische FakultÀt der Otto-von-Guericke UniversitÀt, Magdeburg, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany
UniversitÀtsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Sachsen, Germany
Marien-Krankenhaus Bergisch Gladbach, Bergisch Gladbach, , Germany
Vivantes Klinikum Am Urban, Berlin, , Germany
Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF), Berlin, , Germany
Martini-Klinik Hamburg, Hamburg, , Germany
UniversitĂ€tsklinikum Jena - Institut fĂŒr Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Kinderradiologie, Jena, , Germany
Johannes Gutenberg-UniversitÀt Mainz - Urologie, Mainz, , Germany
Budapesti Jahn Ferenc Del-pesti Korhaz es Rendelointezet, Budapest, , Hungary
Semmelweis Egyetem, Altalanos Orvostudomanyi Kar, Urologiai Klinika, Budapest, , Hungary
Orszagos Onkologiai Intezet, Budapest, , Hungary
Budapesti Uzsoki Utcai Korhaz, Budapest, , Hungary
Gyor-Moson-Sopron Varmegyei Petz Aladar Egyetemi Oktato Korhaz, Gyor, , Hungary
Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg Varmegyei Oktatokorhaz Nyiregyhazi Josa Andras Tagkorhaz, Nyiregyhaza, , Hungary
Rambam Health Corporation, Haifa, , Israel
Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, , Israel
Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, , Israel
Clalit Health Services Rabin Medical Center-Beilinson Campus, Petah Tikva, , Israel
Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, , Israel
Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, , Israel
Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G.Pascale, Napoli, Campania, Italy
A.O.U. di Bologna Policlinico S.Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
AUSL di Bologna, Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
A.O.U. di Modena - Policlinico, Modena, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
IRCCS Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), Pordenone, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy
Fondazione PTV Policlinico Tor Vergata, Roma, Lazio, Italy
IRCCS Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri - IFO, Roma, Lazio, Italy
Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Lazio, Italy
ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Lombardia, Italy
Istituto Clinico Humanitas - Humanitas Mirasole S.p.A., Milano, Lombardia, Italy
Ospedale San Raffaele s.r.l., Milano, Lombardia, Italy
Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
Molinette Hospital University of Torino, Torino, Piemonte, Italy
A.O.U. Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Puglia, Italy
A.O.U. Ospedali Riuniti Foggia, Foggia, Puglia, Italy
Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS (IOV), Padova, Veneto, Italy
IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Verona, Veneto, Italy
A.O.U.I. Verona, Verona, Veneto, Italy
IRCCS Ist Nazionale Tumori GE - Oncologia Medica, Genova, , Italy
A.O. di Perugia - Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia - DIAGNOSTICA PER IMMAGINI E RADIOTERAPIA, Perugia, , Italy
Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento, , Italy
Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, , Japan
Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, , Japan
Albert Schweitzer Ziekenhuis - Dordwijk, Dordrecht, , Netherlands
Catharina Ziekenhuis, Eindhoven, , Netherlands
Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen, Groningen, , Netherlands
Tergooi MC | Hilversum - Wetenschapsbureau, Hilversum, , Netherlands
St. Antonius Ziekenhuis | Utrecht - R&D Interne Geneeskunde, Nieuwegein, , Netherlands
St. Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, , Netherlands
HagaZiekenhuis van Den Haag, The Hague, , Netherlands
Auckland City Hosptial, Auckland, , New Zealand
Canterbury Urology Research Trust, Christchurch, , New Zealand
Tauranga Urology Research Limited, Tauranga, , New Zealand
Centrum Onkologii im. Prof. Franciszka Lukaszczyka, Bydgoszcz, , Poland
Swietokrzyskie Centrum Onkologii, Kielce, , Poland
Centrum Medyczne iMed24, Krakow, , Poland
Medrise Sp. z o.o. Centrum Badan Klinicznych, Lublin, , Poland
Szpital Grochowski im. dr.med. Rafala Masztaka, Warszawa, , Poland
EMC Instytut Medyczny SA, Wroclaw, , Poland
Centro Clinico Academico Braga | Braga, Portugal, Braga, , Portugal
Centro Hospitalar e Universitario de Coimbra EPE (CHUC), Coimbra, , Portugal
IPO Lisboa, Lisboa, , Portugal
Companhia Uniao Fabril | Hospital CUF Tejo - Academic Center - Research Center, Lisboa, , Portugal
Fundacao Champalimaud | Centro Clinico Champalimaud - Unidade Investigacao Clinica, Lisboa, , Portugal
Luz Saude | Hospital da Luz Lisboa - Centro de Investigacao Clinica, Lisboa, , Portugal
CHULN - H. Sta.Maria (Centro de Investigacao Clinica), Lisboa, , Portugal
Centro Hospitalar Universitario do Porto, Porto, , Portugal
Hospital ClĂnico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, , Spain
Hospital ClĂnic i Provincial de Barcelona, Barcelona, , Spain
Hospital FundaciĂł Puigvert, Barcelona, , Spain
Ciutat Sanitaria i Universitaria de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, , Spain
Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cadiz, , Spain
MD Anderson International Espanya, S.A., Madrid, , Spain
Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal | Departamento de Medicina Interna, Madrid, , Spain
Centro Integral OncolĂłgico Clara Campal, Madrid, , Spain
H. General Uiversitario Morales Meseguer - Department of Urology, Murcia, , Spain
Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria | Cardiology Department, MĂĄlaga, , Spain
Virgen del Rocio University Hospital - Oncology Department, Sevilla, , Spain
Instituto Valenciano de OncologĂa, Valencia, , Spain
Hospital Universitari i PolitĂšcnic La Fe, Valencia, , Spain
Goteborgs Universitet, Gothenburg, , Sweden
Skane University Hospital - Department of Urology, Malmo, , Sweden
Akademiska sjukhuset (Uppsala University Hospital) - Njurkliniken, Uppsala, , Sweden
Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, , Taiwan
National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, , Taiwan
Koo Foundation Sun Yet-Sen Cancer Centre, Taipei, , Taiwan
Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, , Taiwan
Bedford Hospital - Bedfordshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Tru, Bedford, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom
Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, Middlesex, United Kingdom
Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, , United Kingdom
Royal Marsden Hospital (London), London, , United Kingdom
Charing Cross Hospital, London, , United Kingdom