Neoplasms

Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases

All Conditions

Symptoms and General Pathology

Breast Neoplasms

Flushing

Hot Flashes

Breast Diseases

Skin Diseases

Participants will complete a partially supervised 4 month exercise program consisting of 3-5 sessions/week at a moderate intensity (40-75% heart rate (HR) reserve) at Liverpool Lifestyles gyms. Participants will be given free access to the Wellness Key System© when using the Lifestyles exercise equipment which allows researchers to remotely track the exercise intensity of participants accurately.

A partially supervised 16-week moderate intensity exercise intervention consisting of 3-5 sessions per week.

Exercise Intervention

Helen Jones

In brief, this study sets out to understand if exercise training can reduce the frequency and severity of hot flushes associated with breast cancer treatment.

In detail, the aim of this research project is to investigate whether improving temperature control mechanisms including vascular function, with exercise training is beneficial in alleviating hot flushes in breast cancer patients and their associated quality of life symptoms. Participants will be recruited at least 3-months post breast cancer treatment (surgery, radio-therapy, chemotherapy). This time point has been chosen for this study to allow patients to fully engage in the exercise intervention following treatment. All participants will be asked to attend the laboratory at Liverpool John Moores University on 4 separate occasions; 2 visits pre- and 2 visits following the exercise intervention for data collection including measures of vascular health, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and fitness. The investigators will also gain information on food intake and incidence of hot flushes across a 7-day period pre- and post the intervention.

Can Exercise Training Reduce the Frequency and Severity of Hot Flushes Associated With Breast Cancer Treatment?

Participants will wear a tube-lined suit that allows manipulation of skin temperature by heating the water passed through the tubes. Core temperature will be increased by 1 degree (monitored using a temperature pill) with sweat rate and skin temperature recordings taken at 5minute intervals across 1 hour of heating. Thermoregulation will be compared during this hour to that of the post-exercise intervention re-test.

The change in skin blood flow will be measured using laser Doppler probes at the forearm.

Change in cerebral blood flow will be assessed using transcranial Doppler ultrasound to measure brain blood flow.

Vascular function will be measured via endothelial-dependent flow mediated dilation of the brachial artery and reported as a percentage change.

Vascular structure will be measured at the carotid artery using ultrasound imaging to clearly visualise the artery. The image will be adjusted so artery wall thickness can be clearly seen with a 30 second recording taken at 3 different angles. The average of the three angles will be calculated with results reported as change in millimetres.

Liverpool John Moores University

Professor of Cardiovascular Physiology

Dilatation, Pathologic

Walking Meditation program will be based on aerobic walking exercise combined with Buddhist meditation. The subjects will perform walking while listening to the sound "Budd" and "Dha" and squeeze rubber balls according to the sound in order to practice mindfulness while walking. In phase 1 (week 1-6), Walking Meditation will be conducted at initial moderate intensity (41-50% heart rate reserve) 3 sets, 10 minutes per set and rest 3 minutes between set In phase 2 (week 7-12), the training intensity will be increased to ultimate moderate intensity (51-60% heart rate reserve) 3 sets, 15 minutes per set and rest 3 minutes between set. In both phases of the training, the frequency of Walking Meditation training is three times a week.

keep regular activities, sedentary life style.

Exercise

This study is to evaluate the effects of Walking Meditation on vascular function in breast cancer patients receiving Anthracyclines chemotherapy

Walking Meditation Exercise in Breast Cancer Patients

Effects of Walking Meditation on Vascular Function in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Anthracyclines Chemotherapy

Vascular reactivity or brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) will be assessed with the ultrasound equipment (CX50, Philips, USA), using the blood occlusion technique on the forearm. The brachial artery will be illustrated above the antecubital fossa in the longitudinal plane. Brachial FMD will be measured at resting and the cuff placed around the forearm will be inflated to 50 mmHg above systolic blood pressure for 5 minutes and then deflated for 5 minutes of recovery. FMD will be calculated from the formula FMD= (D2-D1) x100/D1 when D1 is the brachial artery diameter at baseline, D2 is the maximal post-occlusion brachial artery diameter.

Intima-Media Thickness will be assessed with the ultrasound equipment (CX50, Philips, USA).

Pulse wave velocity (brachial-ankle PWV) measurement will be assessed by using Omron Colin VP1000.

Venous blood flow will be assessed with the ultrasound equipment (CX50, Philips, USA). The Basilic vain will be illustrated in the longitudinal plane. Venous blood flow will be measured at resting and squeezing hand for 3 minutes and 5 minutes of recovery. Venous blood flow will be calculated from the formula CSA x V when CSA is the cross sectional area of Basilic vain, V is the velocity in vessel.

1. Nitric oxide (NO) will be measured in serum samples with the commercial assay kit.
2. Malondialdehyde (MDA) will be determined in plasma samples using the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).
3. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) will be measured in serum samples with the ELISA kit.
4. hs-CRP will be measured in serum samples with the ELISA kit.

Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) will be assessed by Bruce Ramp Protocol for treadmill test with Stationary Gas Analyzer (Vmax™ Encore 29 system, Yorba Linda, CA).

Cardiac output and stroke volume will be measured by using Physioflow (PF07 enduro).

Body Mass Index (BMI) will be measured using Body Composition Analyzer (Model ioi 353, Jawon Medical Co. Ltd., Korea). BMI will be calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by height in metres squared.

Unit of BMI is kg/m2.

Serum cortisol will be measured with cortisol kit.

Study title	NCT ID	Conditions	Interventions	Eligibility	Organization	Link
Can Exercise Training Reduce the Frequency and Severity of Hot Flushes Associated With Breast Cancer Treatment?	NCT03286257	Breast Cancer	Exercise Interv...	-	Liverpool John Moores University
Walking Meditation Exercise in Breast Cancer Patients	NCT02676531	Breast Cancer	Exercise	35 Years - 70 Years	Chulalongkorn University

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