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Arm 1, Single Dose: Fosaprepitant 150 mg intravenous (IV) Day 1 of Cycle 1 or Day 1 of Cycle 2. Participants randomized to Group 1 (Fosaprepitant Cycle 1 + No Fosaprepitant Cycle 2); or Group 2 (No Fosaprepitant Cycle 1 and Fosaprepitant Cycle 2). Dexamethasone intravenously (IVPB) daily for 5 days (12 mg on day 1, and 8 mg on days 2-5) and 5HT3 receptor antagonist as standard of care 30 minutes prior to chemotherapy. Doxorubicin 25 mg/m\^2/day IV continuous infusion for 72 hours on days 1, 2, and 3, completing infusion on day 4 (total dose: 75 mg/m\^2) as part of AI Chemotherapy.

Arm 2, Two Doses: Fosaprepitant 150 mg IV Day 1 + Day 4 of Cycle 1 or Day 1 + Day 4 of Cycle 2. Participants randomized to Group 1 (Fosaprepitant Cycle 1 + No Fosaprepitant Cycle 2); or Group 2 (No Fosaprepitant Cycle 1 and Fosaprepitant Cycle 2). Dexamethasone intravenously (IVPB) daily for 5 days (12 mg on day 1, and 8 mg on days 2-5) and 5HT3 receptor antagonist as standard of care 30 minutes prior to chemotherapy. Doxorubicin 25 mg/m\^2/day IV continuous infusion for 72 hours on days 1, 2, and 3, completing infusion on day 4 (total dose: 75 mg/m\^2) as part of AI Chemotherapy.

150 mg administered intravenously, delivered in either single dose or two doses, on Day 1 for single dose and on Days 1 and 4 for two doses, varying between Cycle 1 or Cycle 2 depending upon randomization to arm.

Intravenous push (IVPB) daily for 5 days (12 mg on day 1, and 8 mg on days 2-5)

5HT3 receptor antagonist as standard of care 30 minutes prior to chemotherapy

5HT3 receptor antagonist

Doxorubicin + Mesna + + Ifosfamide + Vincristine, chemotherapy cycles repeated every 3-4 weeks for up to 6 cycles. Chemotherapy drugs listed separately, individual dosages, etc.

Ifosfamide-based chemotherapy (AI)

25 mg/m\^2/day IV continuous infusion for 72 hours on days 1, 2, and 3, completing infusion on day 4 (total dose: 75 mg/m\^2) as part of AI Chemotherapy.

Prior to ifosfamide (Day 1) - 500 mg/m\^2 (20% of ifosfamide dose) given simultaneously with ifosfamide and then daily continuous infusion (Days 1-4 completing infusion on day 4) - 1,500 mg/m\^2/day (60% of daily ifosfamide dose) for a total of 6 gm/m\^2. The mesna infusion complete 24 hours after last dose of ifosfamide.

2.5 g/m\^2 IV bolus over 3 hours on days 1, 2, 3, 4 (total dose: 10 g/m\^2).

2 mg IV by rapid infusion (Day 1) may be given to participants with sarcomas of small cell histology.

Saroj Vadhan-Raj, MD

The goal of this clinical research study is to learn how different doses of fosaprepitant may effect how ifosfamide-based chemotherapy is absorbed by the body. Researchers also want to learn if fosaprepitant can help to control or prevent delayed nausea and/or vomiting that may be caused by chemotherapy. The safety of this drug will also be studied.

Fosaprepitant is designed to block the natural substance in the brain that causes nausea and vomiting. This may help to prevent and/or control nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy.

Study Groups:

If you are found to be eligible to take part in this study, you will receive fosaprepitant during 21-day chemotherapy cycles. You will be randomly assigned (as in a toss of dice) to 1 of 2 study groups, each with 2 divisions:

* If you are in Group A1, you will receive fosaprepitant on Day 1 of Cycle 1.
* If you are in Group A2, you will receive fosaprepitant on Day 1 of Cycle 2.
* If you are in Group B1, you will receive fosaprepitant on Days 1 and 4 of Cycle 1.
* If you are in Group B2, you will receive fosaprepitant on Days 1 and 4 Cycle 2.

You and the study staff will know to which group and division you are assigned. Each time you receive the drug, you will receive it by vein over about 20-30 minutes.

You will also receive the ifosfamide-based chemotherapy prescribed by your doctor, as well as standard drugs for preventing nausea and vomiting (such as ondansetron, lorazepam, diphenhydramine, and promethazine). You will sign a separate consent form that will describe these treatments in detail, along with their risks.

You will receive dexamethasone before chemotherapy, every day for 5 days, to help prevent nausea and vomiting.

Before each chemotherapy cycle, you will be given a study diary. Each day, you will record any side effects you may . You should bring your study diary to every study visit so the study staff can review it.

Study Visits:

Before each cycle that you receive fosaprepitant, the following tests and procedures will be performed:

* You will have a physical exam.
* Your vital signs, weight, and performance status will be recorded.
* You will fill out the same questionnaire you did at screening.
* You will be asked about any other drugs you may be taking. Be sure to tell the study doctor about all drugs (including vitamins, herbal products, and nutritional supplements), because some drugs/substances will cause side effects when taken at the same time as fosaprepitant.
* Blood (about 5 teaspoons) will be drawn for routine tests.

Blood (about 1 teaspoon) will also be drawn 2 times each week during Cycles 1 and 2 for routine tests.

Pharmacokinetic Testing:

On Days 1 and 4 of Cycles 1 and 2 of chemotherapy, blood samples (about 2 teaspoons each time) will be drawn for pharmacokinetic (PK) testing, when possible. PK testing measures the amount of study drug in the body at different time points. The blood will be drawn before you receive ifosfamide, at the end of the infusion, and 4 more times in the 24 hours after the infusion.

Length of Study:

You may receive up to 6 cycles of chemotherapy (and up to 5 cycles of fosaprepitant). You will no longer be able to take the study drug if the disease gets worse or if intolerable side effects occur.

Your participation on the study will be over once you have completed the end-of-study visit.

End-of-Study Visit:

About 3 weeks after your last dose of fosaprepitant, you will return for an end-of-study visit. At this visit, the following tests and procedures will be performed:

* You will have a physical exam.
* Your vital signs, weight, and performance status will be recorded.
* You will fill out the same questionnaire you did at screening.
* You will be asked about any other drugs you may be taking.
* Blood (about 5 teaspoons) will be drawn for routine tests.

This is an investigational study. Fosaprepitant is FDA approved and commercially available in combination with other drugs for the prevention of nausea and vomiting that may be caused by chemotherapy. It is investigational to study how fosaprepitant may affect the drug levels of ifosfamide in the blood and how many doses should be given.

Up to 36 patients will take part in this study. All will be enrolled at MD Anderson.

Fosaprepitant in Patients Receiving Ifosfamide-based Regimen

Evaluation of Fosaprepitant's Effect on Drug Metabolism in Sarcoma Patients Receiving Ifosfamide-based Multi-day Chemotherapy Regimen

Complete response (CR) defined as: No emetic episodes and no rescue medications. This is a cross-over designed study, the outcomes by single dose, two doses and control cycles were evaluated by combining the results from both cycle 1 and cycle 2 according to the treatment received.

Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC

M.D. Anderson Cancer Center

Number of participants for different study groups are: 22 single dose, Arm A (11 from group 1, cycle 1 \& 11 from group 2, cycle 2); 17 two doses, Arm B (9 from group 1, cycle 1 \& 8 from group 2, cycle 2); 37 control cycle \[Arm A: 21(12 from group 1, cycle 2 \& 11 from group 2,cycle 1); Arm B: 16(8 from group 1, cycle 2 \& 8 from group 2,cycle 1)\].

Control Cycle (Arm A/Arm B)

Fosaprepitant 150 mg intravenous (IV) Day 1 of Cycle 1 (Group 1) or Day 1 of Cycle 2 (Group 2). Participants Randomized to Group 1 (Fosaprepitant Cycle 1 + No Fosaprepitant Cycle 2) or Group 2 (No Fosaprepitant Cycle 1 + Fosaprepitant Cycle 2).

Arm A: Single Dose, Day 1

Fosaprepitant 150 mg IV Day 1 + Day 4 of Cycle 1 (Group 1) or Day 1 + Day 4 of Cycle 2 (Group 2). Participants Randomized to Group 1 (Fosaprepitant Cycle 1 + No Fosaprepitant Cycle 2) or Group 2 (No Fosaprepitant Cycle 1 + Fosaprepitant Cycle 2).

Arm B: Two Doses, Day 1 + Day 4

Total

Between 19 and 65 years

Age, Customized

Sex: Female, Male

United States

Region of Enrollment

Saroj Vadhan-Raj, MD/Professor, Sarcoma Medical Oncology

Out of 40 eligible participants, 2 participants had change of treatment, 1 participant was noncompliant and 1 participant had an adverse event related to chemotherapy. 36 participants completed cycle 1 and cycle 2.

Complete Response

Fosaprepitant 150 mg intravenous (IV) Day 1 of Cycle 1 (Group 1). Participants Randomized to Group 1 (Fosaprepitant Cycle 1 + No Fosaprepitant Cycle 2). Dexamethasone IVPB daily for 5 days (12 mg on day 1, and 8 mg on days 2-5) and 5HT3 receptor antagonist as standard of care 30 min prior to chemotherapy. Doxorubicin 25 mg/m\^2/day IV continuous infusion for 72 hrs on days 1, 2, and 3, completing infusion on day 4 (total dose: 75 mg/m\^2). Mesna: Prior to ifosfamide (Day 1) - 500 mg/m\^2 given simultaneously with ifosfamide and then daily CI (Days 1-4 completing infusion on day 4) - 1,500 mg/m\^2/day for a total of 6 gm/m\^2. The mesna infusion will complete 24 hrs after the last dose of ifosfamide. Ifosfamide: 2.5 g/m\^2 IV bolus over 3 hrs on days 1, 2, 3, 4 (total dose: 10 g/m\^2). Vincristine: 2 mg IV by rapid infusion (Day 1) may be given to participants with sarcomas of small cell histology.

Arm A: Single Dose, Group 1

Fosaprepitant 150 mg intravenous (IV) Day 1 of Cycle 2 (Group 2). Participants Randomized to Group 2 (No Fosaprepitant Cycle 1 + Fosaprepitant Cycle 2). Dexamethasone IVPB daily for 5 days (12 mg on day 1, and 8 mg on days 2-5) and 5HT3 receptor antagonist as standard of care 30 min prior to chemotherapy. Doxorubicin 25 mg/m\^2/day IV continuous infusion for 72 hrs on days 1, 2, and 3, completing infusion on day 4 (total dose: 75 mg/m\^2). Mesna: Prior to ifosfamide (Day 1) - 500 mg/m\^2 given simultaneously with ifosfamide and then daily CI (Days 1-4 completing infusion on day 4) - 1,500 mg/m\^2/day for a total of 6 gm/m\^2. The mesna infusion will complete 24 hrs after the last dose of ifosfamide. Ifosfamide: 2.5 g/m\^2 IV bolus over 3 hrs on days 1, 2, 3, 4 (total dose: 10 g/m\^2). Vincristine: 2 mg IV by rapid infusion (Day 1) may be given to participants with sarcomas of small cell histology.

Arm A: Single Dose, Group 2

Fosaprepitant 150 mg IV Day 1 + Day 4 of Cycle 1 (Group 1). Participants Randomized to Group 1 (Fosaprepitant Cycle 1 + No Fosaprepitant Cycle 2). Dexamethasone IVPB daily for 5 days (12 mg on day 1, and 8 mg on days 2-5) and 5HT3 receptor antagonist as standard of care 30 min prior to chemotherapy. Doxorubicin 25 mg/m\^2/day IV continuous infusion for 72 hrs on days 1, 2, and 3, completing infusion on day 4 (total dose: 75 mg/m\^2). Mesna: Prior to ifosfamide (Day 1) - 500 mg/m\^2 given simultaneously with ifosfamide and then daily CI (Days 1-4 completing infusion on day 4) - 1,500 mg/m\^2/day for a total of 6 gm/m\^2. The mesna infusion will complete 24 hrs after the last dose of ifosfamide. Ifosfamide: 2.5 g/m\^2 IV bolus over 3 hrs on days 1, 2, 3, 4 (total dose: 10 g/m\^2). Vincristine: 2 mg IV by rapid infusion (Day 1) may be given to participants with sarcomas of small cell histology.

Arm B: Two Doses, Group 1

Fosaprepitant 150 mg IV Day 1 + Day 4 of Cycle 2 (Group 2). Participants Randomized to Group 2 (No Fosaprepitant Cycle 1 + Fosaprepitant Cycle 2). Dexamethasone IVPB daily for 5 days (12 mg on day 1, and 8 mg on days 2-5) and 5HT3 receptor antagonist as standard of care 30 min prior to chemotherapy. Doxorubicin 25 mg/m\^2/day IV continuous infusion for 72 hrs on days 1, 2, and 3, completing infusion on day 4 (total dose: 75 mg/m\^2). Mesna: Prior to ifosfamide (Day 1) - 500 mg/m\^2 given simultaneously with ifosfamide and then daily CI (Days 1-4 completing infusion on day 4) - 1,500 mg/m\^2/day for a total of 6 gm/m\^2. The mesna infusion will complete 24 hrs after the last dose of ifosfamide. Ifosfamide: 2.5 g/m\^2 IV bolus over 3 hrs on days 1, 2, 3, 4 (total dose: 10 g/m\^2). Vincristine: 2 mg IV by rapid infusion (Day 1) may be given to participants with sarcomas of small cell histology.

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