Infections

Urinary Tract, Sexual Organs, and Pregnancy Conditions

Immune System Diseases

All Conditions

Neoplasms

Rare Diseases

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

HIV Infections

Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions of the Cervix

Carcinoma

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell

Carcinoma in Situ

Uterine Cervical Dysplasia

Precancerous Conditions

Uterine Cervical Diseases

Uterine Diseases

Genital Diseases, Female

Genital Diseases

Urogenital Diseases

Female Urogenital Diseases

Pregnancy Complications

Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications

Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial

Neoplasms by Histologic Type

Neoplasms, Squamous Cell

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Anti-Infective Agents

All Drugs and Chemicals

Micronutrients

Coagulants

Proflavine

Iodine

Lugol's solution

Cadexomer iodine

Anti-Infective Agents, Local

5-10 ml of proflavine hemisulfate (0.01%) will be applied on the anal epithelium. The mHRME will then be inserted and imaging of abnormal tissues will be performed.

This is a single-arm study where all subjects will receive both standard of care HRA (High resolution anoscopy) and experimental mHRME imaging.

Standard of care (SOC) high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) with Lugol's iodine will be performed. The unstained (abnormal) area will be evaluated with mHRME for optical biopsy diagnosis:

1. contrast agent will be applied to anal epithelium (5-10 ml of proflavine hemisulfate (0.01%)),
2. the mHRME will then be inserted and imaging of abnormal tissues will be performed. This will add 2 to 6 minutes per procedure.

This is a single-arm study where all subjects will receive both SOC HRA and experimental mHRME imaging.

mHRME (Mobile High resolution microendoscope)

Contrast agent will be applied to anal epithelium (5-10 ml of proflavine hemisulfate (0.01%)) to use with the mHRME

Proflavine Hemisulfate

Standard of care (SOC) HRA with Lugol's iodine will be performed.

High resolution anoscopy

Sharmilla Anandasabapathy, MD

Elizabeth Y Chiao, MD

The investigators have developed a portable, battery-operated, mobile high-resolution microendoscope (mHRME) that provides subcellular images of the anal epithelium, delineating the cellular and morphologic changes associated with neoplasia. The investigators' central hypothesis is that this 'optical' approach will increase the efficiency, clinical impact, and cost-effectiveness of the current standard of high-resolution anoscopy(HRA)-guided biopsy, thus facilitating usage by less-experienced clinicians in community-based or low-resource settings. To validate this, the investigators will conduct a study to determine the efficiency and diagnostic characteristics of the mHRME 'optical biopsy' approach versus the current standard of HRA-based tissue biopsy. Successful results will allow for improved efficacy and resource utilization for cancer screening in people living with HIV for anal cancer and other epithelial cancers including the cervix, oral cavity, bladder, and GI tract.

The investigators' central hypothesis is that using mHRME plus three-dimensional (3D) mapping as a diagnostic tool will improve the accuracy and efficiency of HSIL diagnoses. Additionally, the investigators hypothesize that the sensitivity (SN) specificity (SP), positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV), as well as the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the identification of neoplasia on a per biopsy and per patient basis will be high. The investigators will first compare the HRA-directed biopsy (as the gold standard) to the results of the mHRME HSIL diagnosis. The SN of mHRME diagnosis in the detection of HSIL will be estimated with the binomial proportion of study participants who are positive for HSIL on HRA-guided biopsy at two thresholds of histology thresholds which are: 1) Anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) 2+ threshold, and 2) AIN3+ threshold. SP will be estimated as the proportion of study participants who are negative for HSIL on HRA-guided biopsy at both thresholds. PPV and NPV will be estimated using the binomial proportion and 95% confidence interval (CI). In addition, Cohen's kappa statistic and ROC curves will be generated if patient characteristics such as low Clusters of differentiation 4 (CD4) count, combined antiretroviral treatment (cART) utilization, or high HIV viral load impact the determination of SN and SP. SN and SP of mHRME-based HSIL diagnosis will be estimated on a per lesion and per patient basis with 95% CI and compared by McNemar's test. A generalized linear model for logistic regression with multiple correlated outcomes will compare SN and SP of each method on a per biopsy and per patient basis.

Primary Objective:

To determine if the mHRME plus 3D mapping improves the accuracy of anal HSIL diagnosis compared to the gold standard of histologic diagnosis of HSIL by HRA-guided biopsy.

Secondary Objectives:

Determination whether HRME changes the decision to perform biopsy.

This is a single-arm study where all subjects will receive both standard of care HRA (High resolution anoscopy) and experimental mHRME imaging.

The Effectiveness of High Resolution Microendoscopy for People Living With HIV

The Effectiveness of High Resolution Microendoscopy (HRME) in High Grade Intraepithelial Lesions (HSIL) Diagnosis for People Living With HIV

The primary outcome of this study is to measure the operating characteristics including SN, SP, PPV and NPV comparing the physician- and algorithm- guided HRME-based image compared to the Lugol's- guided physician diagnosis of HSIL during HRA. Gold standard consensus pathology was used and pathology data needs to be obtained, verified, and entered.

Diagnostic yield: The number of neoplastic biopsies/total number of biopsies obtained in patients who received biopsies.

Study title	NCT ID	Conditions	Interventions	Eligibility	Organization	Link
The Effectiveness of High Resolution Microendoscopy for People Living With HIV	NCT04563754	Anal High Grade...	mHRME (Mobile H... Proflavine Hemi... High resolution...	18 Years -	Baylor College of Medicine
The Effectiveness of High Resolution Microendoscopy for People Living With HIV	NCT04563754	Anal High Grade...	mHRME (Mobile H... Proflavine Hemi... High resolution...	18 Years -	Baylor College of Medicine

Spots Global Cancer Trial Database for anal high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion