Neoplasms

All Conditions

Head and Neck Neoplasms

This is a radiotherapy planning study to evaluate the feasibility to acquire longitudinal MRI scans during radiotherapy (prior to the main study) thus, participants will receive standard-of-care chemoradiation therapy (CRT) as per departmental protocol without any treatment adaptation.

Participants will be treated initially with the standard radiotherapy dose of:

* 65 grays (Gy) in 30 fractions (2.17Gy per fraction) over 6 weeks to the primary and nodal tumour.
* 54Gy in 30 fractions (1.8Gy per fraction) over 6 weeks to the nodal areas at risk of harbouring microscopic disease

In the 2nd week and 4th week of treatment, the participants will undergo Adaptive Radiotherapy to account for anatomical changes.

Participants will be treated initially with the standard radiotherapy dose of:

* 65Gy in 30 fractions (2.17Gy per fraction) over 6 weeks to the primary and nodal tumour.
* 54Gy in 30 fractions (1.8Gy per fraction) over 6 weeks to the nodal areas at risk of harbouring microscopic disease

After 10 fractions the participants will be stratified into either "responders" or "non-responders" categories based on Apparent Diffusion Coefficients (ADC) response at week 2 of CRT.

Participants classified as "responders" will complete treatment without any radiotherapy dose changes. Their radiotherapy treatment target volumes will be adapted at weeks 2 and 4 of CRT to account for volume changes to the tumour.

The "non-responders" will undergo an increase in dose per fraction to Clinical Target Volume-1 (CTV-1) primary for fractions 11 to 30.

Participants will be treated initially with the standard radiotherapy dose of:

* 65Gy in 30 fractions (2.17Gy per fraction) over 6 weeks to the primary and nodal tumour.
* 54Gy in 30 fractions (1.8Gy per fraction) over 6 weeks to the nodal areas at risk of harbouring microscopic disease

Participants will undergo standard treatment with 3 cycles of induction chemotherapy followed by chemo-radiotherapy dose. Their radiotherapy treatment will be adapted at weeks 2 and 4 of CRT to account for volume changes to the tumour.

Determining the radiotherapy dose delivered to organs at risk (OAR) or to the target volume (dependent on what arm the participant is assigned to) through adaptive radiotherapy volume adaption planning

Adaptive Radiotherapy

Abi Temple

Amy Scott

Shreerang Bhide, MD

Kevin Harrington, MD

Christopher Nutting, MD

Kate Newbold, MD

Maria Schmidt, MD

Dow-Mu Koh, MD

Yong Du, MD

Derfel Ap Dafydd, MD

Alex Dunlop, MD

Dualta McQuaid, MD

Oliver Gurney-Champion, MD

Martin Leach, MD

Sarah Gulliford, MD

Brian Ng-Cheng-Hin, MD

Kee H. Wong, MD

This is a non-randomised study to develop personalised treatment approaches in participants with Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) of the oropharynx and base of skull by integrating the use of MR-guided Adaptive Radiotherapy (MRgRT) and functional image-guided radiotherapy (FIgRT).

The study is made up of two parts:

1. Feasibility planning study consisting of a total of 13 patients. This will include patients with either Human papilomavirus-associated (HPV-associated) oropharyngeal cancer (OPC), Human papilomavirus-negative (HPV-negative) OPC or Base of Skull HNC.
2. Single centre prospective interventional phase I/II study (main study) made up of 3 independent arms (on the condition of success of the feasibility stage).

   1. Cohort 1: HPV-associated OPC consisting of 25 participants
   2. Cohort 2: HPV-negative OPC consisting of a minimum of 10 patients and a maximum of 53 participants
   3. Cohort 3: Base of Skull HNC consisting of 25 participants

This study is looking at improving radiotherapy treatment for head and neck cancers by:

1. Repeating the radiotherapy planning scan at weeks 2 and 4 of treatment so that investigators can adapt the radiotherapy to changes to the shape of the cancer and the patient's body. These changes can affect the accuracy and the radiotherapy doses delivered.
2. Using a MR (magnetic resonance) scans to view and target the cancer with more precision.
3. Identifying HPV negative oropharyngeal cancer who are non-responders and increasing the radiotherapy dose.

The 3 groups of patients are:

1. Cancers of the oropharynx (middle of the throat) that test positive for HPV (human papilloma virus). If HPV is present, the cancer responds better to treatment and there is a higher chance of cure. In this group, the investigators aim is to reduce radiotherapy associated long-term side effects by sparing healthy tissue from high doses.
2. If the oropharyngeal cancers test negative for HPV, they are less likely to respond well to treatment. The investigator's department has shown that investigators can predict which patients will respond to treatment using a special type of MR scan. Investigators will increase the dose of radiotherapy to HPV negative patients who are predicted to be non-responders with the aim of improving the chance of cure.
3. Cancers that located at the base of the skull are not seen very well on CT scan. By using MR imaging, investigators can visualize the surrounding normal organs and the cancer better, target the cancer with more precision and adapt to changes to the healthy organs and tumour.

Investigators will also test if they can predict response to treatment by checking blood for fragments of the cancer and using a special MRI.

The study will be conducted at the Royal Marsden in Sutton only and will be followed up for 2 years.

The study will commence with a Feasibility Radiotherapy planning CT study consisting of 13 participants, then will recruit to the the main phase I/II interventional study consisting of 3 independent cohorts.

Optimising Radiation Therapy in Head and Neck Cancers Using Functional Image-Guided Radiotherapy and Novel Biomarkers

To calculate the proportion of participants who have successfully undergone the planned MRI scan at baseline and weeks 2 and 4 to determine the feasibility of producing an adaptive radiotherapy plan in the feasibility study.

To determine the radiotherapy dose delivered to the parotid gland through adaptive radiotherapy volume adaptation planning compared to a non-adaptive radiotherapy approach in the main study, cohort 1.

To assess the safety of radiotherapy dose escalation by measuring the grades of acute radiation induced toxicities which will be assessed using the NCI CTCAE v5.0 scores at 3 months in the main study, cohort 2.

To determine the MTD of the escalated radiotherapy dose in the main study as per the dose escalation criteria and stopping rules as outlined in the protocol in the main study, cohort 2.

To calculate and record radiotherapy doses to the parotid glands at baseline and compare these to doses from the adaptive plan at weeks 3 and 5 in the main study, cohort 3.

To calculate the proportion of patients who investigators can successfully produce an adaptive radiotherapy plan at weeks 3 and 5 within 1 week of their rescan to account for anatomical changes.

To calculate whether investigators can create an adaptive radiotherapy plan at weeks 3 and 5.

To calculate the complete response rate of participants at 3 months in the main study, cohorts 1-3. Response rate is defined as no clinically visible, palpable or measurable disease on imaging (PET-CT and/or MRI) or no residual tumour on neck dissection or directed biopsy.

To calculate the progression free survival which is defined as the time from entry into the study until disease progression or death in the main study, cohorts 1-3. This will be measured in whole days.

Calculate the disease specific survival which is defined as the time from entry into the study until death from any cause in the main study, cohorts 1-3. This will be measured in whole days.

Assess quality of life using the EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ) C30 version 3.0 with the associated Head and Neck module (HN35) in the main study, cohorts 1-3.

To assess late radiation induced toxicities which will be recorded using the LENT SOMA score and NCI CTCAE v5.0 late radiotherapy scoring systems. The incidence and prevalence (highest grades) of late side effects of radiotherapy will be reported in the main study, cohorts 1-3.

To calculate the duration of acute radiation induced toxicities will be assessed using the NCI CTCAE v5.0 score (HPV associated OPC and skull base tumours); All participants will be evaluated using the NCI CTCAE v5.0 score to assess xerostomia, mucositis, dysphagia and dermatitis in the main study, cohorts 1-3.

To assess the Incidence of feeding tube dependency at one year (HPV negative) which is defined as participant needing supplementation of nutrition by feeding tube In the main study, cohorts 1-3.

To calculate the mean radiotherapy doses to the organs at risk (spinal cord, optic chiasm and brainstem) and target volume will be calculated and recorded at baseline and compared to doses from the adaptive plan at weeks 3 and 5 in the main study, cohort 3.

To calculate the mean radiotherapy doses to the organs at risk (salivary gland, spinal cord and brainstem) will be calculated and recorded at baseline and compared to doses from the adaptive plan at weeks 3 and 5 in the main study, cohort 1.

Spots Global Cancer Trial Database for base of skull