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Colorectal Neoplasms

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Digestive System Neoplasms

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Imidacloprid

Patients view decision aid without personalized message and whose providers do not receive the personalized message.

Patients view decision aid with personalized message and whose providers do not receive the personalized message.

Patient view decision aid without the personalized message and whose providers receive the personalized message.

Patients view decision aid with the personalized message and whose providers receive the personalized message.

The decision aid without personalized message consists of a PowerPoint presentation converted to mp4 (video) with text, photos, and an audio track, that is advanced by the viewer and can be viewed online. It begins with a 60 sec video on CRC screening produced by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), followed by slides summarizing the advantages and disadvantages of colonoscopy and stool testing with the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) and DNA+FIT (Cologuard). The presentation is approximately 10 minutes long.

Decision aid without personalized message

The decision aid with personalized message will first present the decision aid without personalized message followed by additional PowerPoint slides converted to mp4 (video) with text, photos, and an audio track briefly explaining the risk tool, the participant's score on the 5 risk factors, total score, ACN risk, and implications for screening and test choice. The presentation is approximately 14 minutes long.

Decision aid with personalized message

Providers will receive a message informing them that their enrolled patient is due for CRC screening. The notification will be sent to them through the EHR within 24 hours of their visit with the enrolled patient.

Provider notification without personalized message

Providers will receive a message informing them that their enrolled patient is due for CRC screening. The notification will also include the patient's ACN risk (very low, low, moderate, high-average) and implications for screening decisions and test choice. Links to a web landing page containing a more detailed explanation of the risk tool and additional references will be included. The notification will be sent to them through the EHR within 24 hours of their visit with the enrolled patient.

Provider notification with personalized message

Precision prevention holds great promise for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening but has not been adequately explored. A patient's chance of having an advanced colorectal neoplasm (ACN), i.e. a cancer or precancerous polyp in the colon, significantly affects the comparative effectiveness of approved tests. Giving patients a decision aid with information about their risk for ACN, and giving their providers similar information, could help patients and providers decide if colonoscopy or a non-invasive test (such as the fecal immunochemical test) is more appropriate. This could improve decision making and increase uptake of CRC screening, which are the investigative team's long-term goals.

The research team has developed and pilot tested a decision aid and provider message that discloses the patient's current risk of ACN, based on a prediction rule developed and validated by Dr. Thomas Imperiale, a member of the study team. The Imperiale Prediction Rule uses five variables (gender, age, CRC family history, waist circumference, and smoking history) and identifies a wide range of risk for current ACN among average risk patients. For patients with "high-average" risk (22%), personalized messages in the decision aid and provider notification highlight the advantage of colonoscopy because of the likelihood of finding and removing an ACN. For patients at low risk for ACN (2% or 4%), personalized messages highlight the advantage of stool testing, due to the relatively low chance of failing to detect ACN.

The investigators' long-term goal is to increase uptake of CRC screening by informing and improving patient and provider discussion and decisions. The main objective of this project is to test whether providing patients and their providers with personalized messages about ACN risk results in higher screening uptake and higher decision quality, compared to an approach that does not utilize ACN risk.

Provider-participants will know that their enrolled patient-participant is participating in the study but will not know what arm they were assigned.

Helping Patients and Providers Make Better Decisions About Colorectal Cancer Screening

Patients' completion of colonoscopy, fecal immunochemical testing (FIT), or other CRC screening within 6 months, based on documentation in the participants' electronic health record.

Decision quality will be assessed using the multi-dimensional measure of informed consent (MMIC), where a high-quality decision is one where the individual has adequate knowledge regarding the available options and undergoes the intervention that he or she has chosen or that fits his or her values ("values concordance"). Patient knowledge of colorectal cancer and screening will be assessed by a 12-item test made up of 6 multiple choice questions and 6 true-false questions. Adequate knowledge = 10 correct. Concordance will be measured between the patient's test choice at the post-provider survey and the screening test underwent, if any, within 6 months after patient enrollment.

Patients' intention to be screened for CRC with any CRC screening test will be measured with 1 item: "Do you plan to get any type of colon cancer test within the next 6 months?".

For those patients who answer the screening intent with "definitely not," "probably not," or "may or may not", test choice will be categorized as "no screening". Those who answer Screening Intent with "Probably" or "Definitely" have Test Choice categorized based on their answer to a single item: "If you have a colon test, which one would you choose?" Response options are: Stool test (FIT or Cologuard), Colonoscopy, Another test, or Don't know.

Multiple choice questions assessing the patients' perception of how likely they are to get colon cancer in the next 5 years, in the next 10 years, and sometime during their lifetime. Each has response options: 4=very likely, 3=somewhat likely, 2=somewhat unlikely, and 1=very unlikely.

Patients' decision conflict is assessed using the low literacy version of the Decision Conflict Scale, a ten-item instrument that assesses patients' subjective feeling regarding the decision process over five areas. Each item has three response categories (yes, no, unsure). Scores are summed; divided by 10; and multiplied by 25. Scores range from 0 \[no decisional conflict\] to 100 \[extremely high decisional conflict\].

Patients will answer five items assessing the extent to which they were involved in the decision-making process and three items to assess how much effort was made by their provider to: explain colon cancer screening, ask for screening preferences, and incorporate those preferences into the decision.

A provider order for FIT, colonoscopy, or other CRC screening test for each of their enrolled patients will be assessed by reviewing the electronic health record (EHR).

Opening the provider notification will be assessed by reviewing the electronic health record (EHR).

Spots Global Cancer Trial Database for decision aid without personalized message