Neoplasms

Urinary Tract, Sexual Organs, and Pregnancy Conditions

All Conditions

Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Urologic Neoplasms

Urogenital Neoplasms

Urogenital Diseases

Female Urogenital Diseases

Pregnancy Complications

Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications

Urinary Bladder Diseases

Urologic Diseases

Male Urogenital Diseases

Control subjects were selected randomly from state Department of Motor Vehicle and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) beneficiary records.

patients with histologically confirmed carcinoma of the urinary bladder

Debra Silverman, D.Sc.

Data from the new cancer atlas covering the period 1974 1994 indicates that deaths from bladder cancer among white men and women are elevated in the northeastern United States, particularly the northern parts of New England. The reason for these elevated rates of incidence of and deaths from bladder cancer is unknown. Only part of the excess risk can be explained by exposure to the textile and leather industries.

The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that contribute to the high rates of incidence of and death from bladder cancer in northern New England. The main objectives are to:

* estimate the risk of developing bladder cancer associated with inorganic arsenic in drinking water, other water contaminants, tobacco use, occupational exposures, residential proximity to industrial sites, dietary factors, ethnicity, and use of wood-burning stoves.
* estimate the extent to which water containing inorganic arsenic explains the increased rates of bladder cancer.
* estimate the extent to which exposure to other risk factors explains the increased rates.
* evaluate risk of bladder cancer according to genetic factors.
* examine interactions of these factors with tobacco use, occupational exposure, and environmental exposure to arsenic and other compounds.

All people ages 30 79 with confirmed cases of bladder cancer will be eligible for the study. Twelve hundred people with bladder cancer and twelve hundred individuals with no previous bladder cancer will be included.

After potential participants are recruited and agreement is obtained over the telephone, they will complete a calendar and collect toenail clippings prior to the home interview. During the home visit, an investigator will administer a computer-assisted personal interview, collect drinking water samples and the clippings, and obtain a global positioning satellite reading. Other biological samples, such as saliva samples, urine, and blood, may be requested.

Private wells at any previous homes of participants will also be sampled. The location of previous homes will be determined and the current homeowner will be asked to allow sampling of the well.

The associations between bladder cancer and environmental exposures will be examined and the extent to which exposures to such risk factors explain the elevated mortality and incidence in northern New England will be estimated.

...

Data from the new cancer atlas covering the period 1970-94 indicate that bladder cancer mortality rates among white men and women are elevated in the northeastern U.S., particularly in the northern parts of New England including Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont. The reasons for these high mortality rates are unclear. The persistent elevations in mortality and incidence for bladder cancer among both men and women suggest the possible role of environmental etiologic factors. A leading suspect environmental exposure is inorganic arsenic in drinking water, which is elevated in private wells in parts of New England. The purpose of this study is to determine the risk factors that explain the high mortality and incidence rates for bladder cancer in men and women in northern New England. The study will be a population-based case-control study of carcinoma of the urinary bladder in three states: New Hampshire, Vermont, and Maine. All histologically-confirmed incident cases of carcinoma of the bladder occurring within a three-year period among residents of the study areas between the ages of 30 and 79 years will be eligible for the study. Controls will be selected randomly from the general population of each study area, frequency matched to the age-, race-, and gender-specific distributions of incidence cases of bladder cancer in each state. We expect to interview 1,200 cases and 1,200 controls. Several data collection activities will be incorporated in this study: a self-administered residential/occupational history calendar, a self-administered diet questionnaire, in-person interviews with subjects using a computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI), collection of drinking water to determine levels of arsenic and other contaminants in drinking water, a collection of buccal cells, toenails, spot urine, four-day urinary habits diary, overnight urine (from a sample of 240 cases and 240 controls), and blood (from a sample of 180 cases and 180 controls). Tumor tissue samples will be obtained for cases. We will examine associations between bladder cancer and environmental exposures, and estimate the extent to which exposures to such risk factor explain the elevated mortality and incidence in northern New England.

The New England Bladder Cancer Study

National Cancer Institute (NCI)

This study is examining the relationship between ingested arsenic and bladder cancer in two areas of California where a large percentage of the population was exposed to drinking water containing arsenic at low to moderate levels.

Water supplies in many parts of the world contain naturally occurring arsenic. Previous studies have shown that arsenic at high doses can cause cancer of the bladder. The risk at lower doses is unknown. This study is examining the relationship between ingested arsenic and bladder cancer in central Nevada and Kings County, California, two areas where a large percentage of the population was exposed to drinking water containing arsenic at low to moderate levels. Approximately 200 people with bladder cancer and 400 people without bladder cancer will be included. Subjects are interviewed by telephone about past residences, occupations, diet, drinking water consumption, and other lifestyle factors. Arsenic measurements in well water have been collected from the appropriate state agencies and are being matched with residences and drinking water consumption rates to estimate lifetime arsenic exposures for each subject. People with bladder cancer will then be compared to those without to see if people with cancer were more likely to have lived in areas with arsenic in their drinking water.

Bladder Cancer Case Control Study of Arsenic in Water

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)

Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases

Substance Related Disorders

Nervous System Diseases

Symptoms and General Pathology

Rare Diseases

Keratosis, Actinic

Keratosis

Melanosis

Poisoning

Arsenic Poisoning

Skin Diseases

Precancerous Conditions

Chemically-Induced Disorders

Hyperpigmentation

Pigmentation Disorders

Heavy Metal Poisoning

Syndrome

Neurotoxicity Syndromes

Micronutrients

All Drugs and Chemicals

Selenium

Sodium Selenite

Selenious Acid

Antioxidants

Protective Agents

Trace Elements

Patients who receive treatment (selenium)

200 micrograms (µg) of selenium in the form of sodium selenite; capsule form consumed once daily with breakfast.

sodium selenite

dicalcium phosphate capsule matching the selenium capsule in appearance; consumed once daily with breakfast

placebo

Julian E Spallholz, PhD

Paul F La Porte, PhD

Selim Ahmed, MBBS, FCPS

Context: Approximately 100 million people throughout the world consume water contaminated with arsenic at levels above carcinogenic thresholds, including 40 million in Bangladesh alone, with up to one-fourth of deaths attributed to arsenic exposure in the worst-affected regions. There are no proven therapies for treating chronic arsenic toxicity or for preventing arsenical cancers. Selenium has been known to counter arsenic toxicity in a variety of animal models. The investigators have recently shown in animals and humans that this effect is mediated by the formation of \[(GS)2AsSe\]- , the seleno-bis(S-glutathionyl) arsinium ion, which is then rapidly excreted via the hepatobiliary system. Concurrently, two Phase II studies in China and Bangladesh have suggested clinical benefit to selenium supplementation in arsenicosis patients.

Objective: To assess whether daily selenium supplementation counters arsenic toxicity in patients exposed to drinking water arsenic. If proven effective, selenium supplementation might be safely and cost-effectively implemented in the worst-affected localities.

Selenium in the Treatment of Arsenic Toxicity and Cancers

Selenite in the Detoxification of Arsenic and the Prevention of Arsenical Melanosis and Cancers Amongst Bangladeshi Arsenicosis Patients: A 48-week, Randomized, Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled Phase III Trial

Arsenical melanosis was recorded in 4 quadrants of each patients' torsos using the Dermlite epiluminescence microscopy system. The images were then scored in a blinded, randomized fashion by a dermatologist.

The levels of arsenic in patients' blood was measured to determine whether intervention had a differential effect.

The levels of arsenic in patients' urine was measured to determine whether intervention had a differential effect.

American Cancer Society, Inc.

Texas Tech University

Professor of Nutrition & Biochemistry, Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University.

Study title	NCT ID	Conditions	Interventions	Eligibility	Organization
The New England Bladder Cancer Study	NCT00342875	Bladder Cancer		30 Years - 79 Years	National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC)
Bladder Cancer Case Control Study of Arsenic in Water	NCT00011518	Bladder Cancer		20 Years - 85 Years	National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
Selenium in the Treatment of Arsenic Toxicity and Cancers	NCT01442727	Arsenical Melan... Arsenical Kerat... Arsenical Cance... Arsenicosis Arsenic Exposur... Arsenic Toxicit... Arsenic Poisoni...	sodium selenite placebo	12 Years - 55 Years	Texas Tech University

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