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Chrysarobin

Patients will be offered an annual FIT and colonoscopy will be performed if fecal hemoglobin concentration is ≥10µg / g of feces. After performing a colonoscopy the FIT will be sent to the patient:

* After one year if the unscheduled colonoscopy has been incomplete or a lesion requiring endoscopic surveillance has been completely resected.
* After five years if the colonoscopy has evaluated the entire mucosa, it is normal or with lesions that do not require endoscopic surveillance (1-2 non-advanced adenomas).

Annual FIT

First surveillance colonoscopy will be performed in three-year time. If an advanced adenoma or at least three non-advanced adenomas are detected, colonoscopy will be repeated after 3 years. In contrast, if colonoscopy is normal or 1-2 non-advanced adenomas are detected, colonoscopy will be repeated after 5 years.

Endoscopic surveillance.

Joaquín Cubiella, MD PhD

Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs have been implemented to reduce the burden of the disease. When an advanced colonic lesions is detected, it is recommended to perform endoscopic surveillance with different intervals between explorations. Although the reduction in CRC incidence, endoscopic surveillance is producing a considerable increase in the number of colonoscopies. However, participation in CRC screening programs based on the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) could be a non inferior alternative to endoscopic surveillance.

Based on this hypothesis, the research group have designed a randomized clinical trial within the population CRC screening programs to compare FIT surveillance to endoscopic surveillance in patients with advanced lesions resected.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies in western countries. CRC screening programs have been implemented in order to reduce the burden of the disease. Screening programs in Spain are based on the biennial detection of fecal hemoglobin with a fecal immunochemical test (FIT) and a diagnostic colonoscopy if positive. The detection of at least one advanced adenoma or serrated lesion defines a high risk situation for metachronous CRC. This group of patients is recommended to perform endoscopic surveillance with different intervals between explorations. Endoscopic surveillance reduces mortality only 1.7% and increases the number of colonoscopies by 62% with an additional cost of € 68,000 for an increase of 0.9 years of life. Moreover, colonoscopy is a procedure associated with potentially serious side effects.

A recently British study shows that with a cut-off of 10 µg/g, FIT has a higher sensitivity and specificity for CRC with a significant cost reduction compared to colonoscopy surveillance. Additionally, most of the population prefers non-invasive faecal tests rather than colonoscopy.

Based on this evidence, the research group have designed a multicenter, randomized clinical trial to compare the 10 year CRC incidence after resection of advanced colonic lesions detected within CRC screening programs between endoscopic surveillance and participation in CRC screening programs based on FIT.

Apart from this purpose, the investigators will also assess the values and preferences regarding surveillance and risk of CRC. Further, the research group will evaluate the relationship between Mediterranean diet and physical activity with the detection of advanced adenomas and CRC.

Patients will be identified in population CRC secreening programs of Galicia, the Basque Country, the Region of Valencia and Murcia. We will considered individuals aged 50 to 65 years with at least one advanced adenoma (tubulovillous or villous histology, high grade dysplasia or ≥ 10mm), and / or at least three non-advanced adenomas detected and resected completely within the population-based CRC screening program.

Patients will be randomly allocated to perform an annual FIT and colonoscopy if fecal hemoglobin concentration is ≥10µg/g, or to perform endoscopic surveillance. Patients will be also stratified into two groups: ≥5 adenomas or an adenoma ≥20mm and the rest of patients.

Patients will be followed for a period of 10 years.

Polyprev: Study to Compare Fecal Immunochemical Test With Endoscopic Surveillance After Advanced Adenoma Resection in Fecal Immunochemical Test Colorectal Cancer Screening Programs.

Polyprev Study: Randomized, Multicenter, Controlled Trial Comparing Fecal Immunochemical Test With Endoscopic Surveillance After Advanced Adenoma Resection in Fecal Immunochemical Test Colorectal Cancer Screening Programs.

It is the main outcome of the study. Invasive CRC is defined as colonic adenocarcinoma that invades the submucosa. Adenocarcinomas in situ and intramucosal carcinomas will not be considered as invasive CRC.

Interval CRC is defined as the CRC detected between two organized surveillance (FIT or colonoscopy).

The deaths and their cause will be collected: associated with CRC, associated with adverse effects of screening or unrelated.

Advanced colonic lesions will be defined as advanced adenomas (at least 10mm, hairy histology or high grade dysplasia) or advanced serrated lesions (at least 10mm or with dysplasia).

According to the methodology of the information systems of the screening programs, three categories will be defined: non-participation, irregular participation, regular participation.

Adverse effects associated with surveillance are defined as complications that require hospitalization. Those related to the surgical treatment of benign colonic lesions will be included as adverse effects.

Detection of CRC, adenoma and advanced serrated lesion will be collected at 3 years of follow-up.

We will use the International Physical Activity. Questionnaire (IPAQ) to mesure physical activity.

We will use the Mediterranean Lifestyle index (MEDLIFE) to measure overall adherence to the Mediterranean lifestyle.

We will use a survey with vignette questions to evaluate the values and preferences of the subjects regarding surveillance.

Spots Global Cancer Trial Database for endoscopic surveillance.