Neoplasms

Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases

All Conditions

Breast Neoplasms

Breast Diseases

Skin Diseases

Adjuvants, Anesthesia

Analgesics

Central Nervous System Depressants

All Drugs and Chemicals

Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors

Anticoagulants

Anticonvulsants

Other Dietary Supplements

Fentanyl

Anesthetics

Propofol

Sevoflurane

Atracurium

Citric Acid

Sodium Citrate

Ether

Benzocaine

Thiopental

Analgesics, Opioid

Narcotics

Anesthetics, Intravenous

Anesthetics, General

Anesthetics, Inhalation

Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents

Neuromuscular Blocking Agents

Cholinergic Antagonists

Cholinergic Agents

Neurotransmitter Agents

Hypnotics and Sedatives

Citrate

Tannic Acid

In Sevoflurane group, anaesthesia will be induced with Thiopental 5 - 7mg/kg, fentanyl citrate 2mcg/kg and atracurium besylate 0.5mg /kg to facilitate LMA placement. Anaesthesia will be maintained with sevoflurane 2-2.2 % to maintain a target MAC value between 0.8 \& 1.0.

In Propofol group, anesthesia will be will be induced with Propofol TCI \[target controlled infusion pump - Injectomat® TIVA Agilia (Fresenius Kabi)\] using Schneider model to achieve target site concentration of 4-6mcg/ml, fentanyl citrate 2mcg/kg and atracurium besylate 0.5mg /kg to facilitate LMA placement. Anaesthesia will be maintained with TCI propofol at 3 - 6 mcg/ml as effect site concentration to maintain BIS 40-60.

In Propofol group, anesthesia will be induced with Propofol TCI using Schneider model to achieve a target site concentration of 4 - 6 mcg/ml. Propofol TCI to achieve BIS (Bispectral Index) between 40-60.

2,6-Diisopropylphenol

In Sevoflurane group, anesthesia will be induced with 5 - 7mg/kg thiopental, maintenance with O2 with air 50:50%, sevoflurane 2-2.5 %, Further fentanyl, in increments of 1 mcg/kg - and atracurium 0.15 mg/kg, will be given as indicated by the clinical signs and hemodynamic changes.

Fluoromethyl hexafluoroisopropyl ether

Inj. fentanyl 2 mcg/kg will be used as an adjunct during anaesthetic induction.

Fentanyl Citrate

Inj. atracurium 0.5 mg/kg for will be administered for facilitating LMA placement

Atracurium Besylate

Shubhada Chiplunkar

Rajan Badwe

Anuja Bidkar

Reshma Ambulkar

Raghu Thota

Vani Parmar

Surgery, perioperative stress, anaesthetics and analgesics may modulate the immunosurveillance mechanisms and overwhelm host defences that normally maintain a balance between immunity \& carcinogenesis. This may lead to escape of cancer cells and tilt the scales toward a more protumorigenic microenvironment. Volatile agents, in particular, have been shown to exhibit profound immunosuppressive effects. In comparison, propofol has a favorable profile and inhibits cancer cell activity. Determining "cancer-protective" role of TIVA with propofol presents an exciting window of opportunity that has potential to improve outcomes in cancer patients undergoing resection surgery

For the current study, consenting patients planned for upfront surgery, will be randomly allocated to 2 groups- 20 patients each group: Propofol TCI-based Total Intravenous Anesthesia group (Propofol group) and Sevoflurane group (Sevoflurane group), according to computer generated randomization number.

Patients will be monitored routinely with ECG, non invasive blood pressure, and a pulse- oximetery (SPO2), every 5 min. An intravenous access will be established with 20- 22 G cannula. A perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis will be given to all patients. None of the patients will receive any premedication.

After preoxygenation with 100% O2 for 3 min: group specific separate interventions will be performed.

Patient will be ventilated with TV of 6-8ml/kg,respiratory rate will be adjusted to maintain end-tidal CO2 value between 40 - 45 mmHg. Crystalloids will be used for hydration (4-6 ml/kg/h), and intraoperative volume deficits will be replaced by additional administration of a solution according to clinical needs. For TIVA group, the depth of anaesthesia will be monitored using Bispectral Index, with target BIS value between 40 and 60. For Sevoflurane group, the depth of anaesthesia will be monitored using MAC, with target MAC value between 0.8 and 1. Half hour before conclusion of surgery, all patients will receive 0.1mg/kg of ondansetron as prophylaxis for PONV. At the end of surgery, muscle relaxation will be reversed by glycopyrrolate (10mcg/kg) and neostigmine (50mcg/kg).

Patients in both groups will receive intra-venous non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug 1-1.5mg/kg diclofenac + Paracetamol 1gm just before conclusion of surgery for postoperative analgesia. Postoperative pain \& PONV will be managed as per institutional protocols.

ASSAY Peripheral blood (5ml) will be collected from patients in EDTA vaccutainer and (5ml) in another vaccutainer containing clot activator. The sample will be collected at following time points.

1. before anaesthesia (Tpre)
2. after removal of tumor intraoperative (Ti)
3. 2 h after surgery (T2h) , and
4. (T24h) 24 hours after surgery

Estimation of serum cytokines : by sandwich ELISA and by cytokine bead array (CBA) method.

Expression of various lymphocyte subsets (CD3+ T cells, CD4+ helper T cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, γδT cells, NK cells and B cells) by flow cytometry

Effect of TIVA Propofol vs Sevoflurane Anaesthetic on Serum Biomarkers and on PBMCs in Breast Cancer Surgery

A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial to Compare the Effect of TIVA Propofol vs Sevoflurane Anaesthetic on Serumserum Biomarkers and on PBMCs in Patients Undergoing Breast Cancer Resection Surgery

The primary objective of this study is to compare the potential effects of inhalation anesthetic (Sevoflurane) with intravenous anesthetic agent (Propofol) on preoperative levels versus 24hour postoperative levels (Tpre vs T24h ) of serum Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 alpha (HIF-1a) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor -C (VEGF-C) in patients with breast cancer undergoing resection surgery.

Change in levels of serum biomarkers HIF-1a \& VEGF-C in patients with breast cancer undergoing resection surgery at other time points - intraoperative, at 2hr postoperative. Ti, T2h in both groups

Transforming Growth Factor -beta (TGF-β), Interleukin - 17 (IL-17), Inferferon - gamma (IFN-g), Tumor Necrosis Factor - alpha (TNF-a), Interleukin - 6 (IL-6), Matrix Metalloproteinase - 2 (MMP-2)

Tata Memorial Centre

Professor and Head, Department Of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain

Spots Global Cancer Trial Database for fluoromethyl hexafluoroisopropyl ether