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Patients 7 years or younger who undergo general anesthesia with rigid bronchoscopy

supply of oxygen at 2 L / min/ kg through Optiflow

Optiflow

Chang Young Lee, MD

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen administration on maintenance of oxygenation and removal of carbon dioxide during apnoeic period in pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia with rigid bronchoscopy

The Effects of High-flow Nasal Oxygen on Oxygenation During Rigid Bronchoscopy Under General Anesthesia in Pediatric Patients

The Effects of High-flow Nasal Oxygen on Oxygenation During Rigid Bronchoscopy Under General Anesthesia in Pediatric Patients: A Prospective Observational Pilot Study

The time taken to reach the point at which peripheral oxygen saturation fell below 90 for the first time immediately after the onset of apnea

the lowest value of oxygen saturation measured percutaneously at extremity.

Occurence of hypoxic event: Presence or absence of hypoxia(peripheral oxygen saturation fell below 90% ) during rigid bronchoscopy

Yonsei University

Digestive System Diseases

Colonic Diseases

Emergencies

Diverticulitis

Intussusception

Intestinal Volvulus

Disease Attributes

Gastrointestinal Diseases

Intestinal Diseases

Diverticulum

Diverticular Diseases

Gastroenteritis

Intestinal Obstruction

Herbal and Botanical

Cola

Evaluate the role of Hartmann's procedure in emergency setting for left-sided acute surgical colonic disease (perforated diverticulitis with purulent or fecal peritonitis; colon cancer perforation-obstruction; ischemic colitis; abdominal trauma).

Evaluate the role of colonic resection with primary anastomosis in emergency setting for left-sided acute surgical colonic disease (perforated diverticulitis with purulent or fecal peritonitis; colon cancer perforation-obstruction; ischemic colitis; abdominal trauma).

Hartmann's procedure

mario giuffrida

Hartmann's procedure was described for the first time in 1921 as an alternative to abdominoperineal resection for the treatment of upper rectal tumours.

Although Hartmann's procedure fell out of favour for rectal cancer after the introduction of restorative procedures, it remained the most common procedure in emergency setting for many years. Nowadays Hartmann's procedure is a useful procedure in selected cases e.g. severely ill patients with a high risk of anastomotic failure. However, restoring intestinal continuity for Hartmann patients is often associated with high morbidity, and about 70% will live with a permanent colostomy. Hartmann procedure' is a rapid and simple surgical technique intended to decrease perioperative morbidity and mortality. This technique is often performed by young surgeons Indeed, end colostomy may be necessary in situations where restoration of continuity is risky, either because of unfavorable local conditions or because a more definitive resection must be aborted due to hemodynamic instability. In the last decade the Hartmann's procedure has been revalued in many studies. In diverticular disease the results of DIVA arm of the LADIES trial showed that more patients in the primary anastomosis group were stoma free compared with patients in the Hartmann's procedure group. Other studies have observed no differences in major postoperative complications or postoperative mortality between patients undergoing primary anastomosis versus Hartmann's procedure.

Hartmann's procedure reversals were associated with a higher risk of serious postoperative complications than were stoma reversals after primary anastomosis with ileostomy.

Despite the growing evidence in favour of primary anastomosis and its inclusion as a valid treatment option for perforated diverticulitis or perforated sigmoid colon in recent clinical practice guidelines, some surgeons have been hesitant to undertake anastomosis in the setting of purulent or faecal contamination and continue to choose Hartmann's procedure to eliminate concerns about anastomotic leakage.

Left-sided surgical acute colonic diseases (perforated diverticulitis with generalized peritonitis, colon perforation, large bowel obstruction, colon cancer perforation or obstruction, ischemic colitis, abdominal trauma) are still a life-threatening condition requiring urgent surgical intervention.

Despite several published randomized trials, showing that primary anastomosis with or without protective ileostomy is feasible and randomized trials for laparoscopic lavage with conflicting results, the Hartmann's procedure, described for the first time in 1921 as an alternative to abdominoperineal resection for the treatment of upper rectal tumours, is still performed in many hospitals worldwide. It remained the most common procedure for acute diverticulitis and colonic perforation in emergency setting for many years. Hartmann's procedure is safe for severely ill patients; however, restoring intestinal continuity for such patients is often associated with high morbidity leaving a great percentage of patients with (up to 50%) with a permanent stoma.

Hartmann procedure' is a rapid and simple surgical technique intended to decrease perioperative morbidity and mortality. This technique is often performed by young surgeons Indeed, end- colostomy may be necessary in situations where restoration of continuity is risky, either because of unfavourable local conditions (Hinchey IV peritonitis) or because a more definitive resection must be aborted due to hemodynamic instability. Although anastomosis at the time of surgery is an alternative approach to Hartmann's procedure, there have been concerns about the safety of this approach.

In the last decade the Hartmann's procedure has been revalued and the results of different studies \[DIVA arm of the LADIES trial; DIVERTI study; Halim et Al\] showed that more patients in the primary anastomosis group were stoma free compared with patients in the Hartmann's procedure group.

Several studies have observed no differences in major postoperative complications or postoperative mortality between patients undergoing primary anastomosis versus Hartmann's procedure. Hartmann's procedure reversals were associated with a higher risk of serious postoperative complications than were stoma reversals after protected primary anastomosis. The management of colorectal cancer emergencies is challenging. WSES guidelines recommend in case of perforation resection with anastomosis, with or without ileostomy. Hartmann's procedure should be preferred to simple colostomy, since colostomy appears to be associated with longer overall hospital stay and need for multiple operations, without a reduction in perioperative morbidity in patients with colorectal cancer obstruction. Resection with primary anastomosis should be preferred for uncomplicated malignant left-sided large bowel obstruction in absence of other risk factors. Patients with high surgical risk are better managed with Hartmann's procedure Despite the growing evidence in favour of primary anastomosis and its inclusion as a valid treatment option for perforated diverticulitis or perforated sigmoid colon cancer in recent clinical practice guidelines, surgeons have been reluctant to perform anastomosis. Moreover, the postoperative course of the septic patient is unpredictable and it very hard to estimate it intraoperatively.

In the setting of purulent or fecal contamination most surgeons choose Hartmann's procedure to eliminate also legal concerns about anastomotic leakage. It's important to note that most of these procedures are performed off normal working hours when maybe best colorectal expertise is lacking for decision making regarding anastomosis.

Primary study objective:

1. To evaluate the role of Hartmann's procedure in emergency setting for left-sided colonic acute surgical disease (perforated diverticulitis with purulent or fecal peritonitis; colon cancer perforation-occlusion; ischemic colitis; abdominal trauma) and the type of surgery commonly performed in different level of care hospitals.
2. To investigate which factors contribute in the choice of Hartmann's procedure instead of colon resection with primary anastomosis (Hospital characteristics, surgeon experience, time of surgery, age of patients, comorbidities, etc ) Study design: International multicenter prospective cohort study. Study population: Adult patients with left-sided colonic acute surgical disease who need surgery in an emergency setting (perforated diverticulitis with purulent or fecal peritonitis; colon cancer perforation-occlusion; ischemic colitis; abdominal trauma).

GOODBYE HARTMANN TRIAL: 100 YEARS OF HARTMANN'S PROCEDURE

GOODBYE HARTMANN. AFTER 100 YEARS HARTMANN'S PROCEDURE IS GOING TO BE ABANDONED?

* Etiology: perforated diverticulitis; perforated colonic cancer; large bowel perforation- obstruction; colon cancer perforation-obstruction; colon ischemia; abdominal trauma.
* Treatment: Hartmann's procedure, colonic resection with primary anastomosis with or without diverting stoma, stoma without colic resection.

- Hospital Characteristics: hospital type (academic, non-academic teaching, categorical, secondary hospital, tertiary hospital, level 4- trauma center); annual volume of

emergency surgical procedures; annual volume of left-sided colonic disease; types of diagnostic and treatment modalities that are available in the hospital.

* Surgeon experience (surgeon in training: less than 50 colorectal resections performed; less than 5 resections per year in the last 5 years; Trained surgeon: more than 50 colorectal resections performed; more than 10 resections per year in the last 5 years)
* Time of surgery: weekdays, weekend, public holidays, night shift (day: 8am- 8pm; night: 8pm-8am)

1 year follow up to evaluate the number of patients treated with Hartmann's procedure have a permanent stoma after one year.

Fausto Catena

Gennaro Perrone

Parma University Hospital

MD- General Surgery Resident

Neoplasms

Bronchial Neoplasms

100 % of oxygen at 70 L / min through Optiflow ™ (Fisher and Paykel Healthcare Limited, Auckland, New Zealand)

supply of 100 % of oxygen at 70 L / min through Optiflow ™ (Fisher and Paykel Healthcare Limited, Auckland, New Zealand) plus standard oxygen supply through rigid bronchoscope during apnea period.

Optiflow ™

Young Jun Oh, M.D., PhD.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen administration on apnea in patients undergoing general anesthesia with rigid bronchoscopy compared with standard anesthesia methods.

A prospective Randomized, open label Trial

triple (Participant, Care Provider, investigator)

Study title	NCT ID	Conditions	Interventions	Eligibility	Organization
The Effects of High-flow Nasal Oxygen on Oxygenation During Rigid Bronchoscopy Under General Anesthesia in Pediatric Patients	NCT03905733	Foreign Bodies Tumor Stenosis of Tra... Bronchus	Optiflow	- 7 Years	Yonsei University
GOODBYE HARTMANN TRIAL: 100 YEARS OF HARTMANN'S PROCEDURE	NCT04829032	Emergencies Colon Disease Colo-rectal Can... Volvulus Colon Intussusception Diverticulitis Foreign Bodies	Hartmann's proc...	18 Years -	Parma University Hospital
High-flow Nasal Oxygen During Rigid Bronchoscopy Under General Anesthesia: a Randomized Controlled Trial	NCT03892408	Foreign Bodies Tumor Stenosis Trache... Bronchus Tumour	Optiflow ™	19 Years -	Yonsei University
The Effects of High-flow Nasal Oxygen on Oxygenation During Rigid Bronchoscopy Under General Anesthesia in Pediatric Patients	NCT03905733	Foreign Bodies Tumor Stenosis of Tra... Bronchus	Optiflow	- 7 Years	Yonsei University

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