Neoplasms

All Conditions

Urinary Tract, Sexual Organs, and Pregnancy Conditions

Rare Diseases

Carcinoma

Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell

Urologic Neoplasms

Urogenital Neoplasms

Urogenital Diseases

Female Urogenital Diseases

Pregnancy Complications

Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications

Urinary Bladder Diseases

Urologic Diseases

Male Urogenital Diseases

Transitional Cell Carcinoma

All Drugs and Chemicals

Antineoplastic Agents

Antibodies

Gemcitabine

Cisplatin

Immunoglobulins

Panitumumab

Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological

Gemcitabine: 1250 mg/m², day 1 and 8, i.v., q3 Cisplatin: 70 mg/m², day 2, i.v., q3 Panitumumab 9 mg/kg/body weight, i.v., day 1,q3

GemCis + Panitumumab

Gemcitabine: 1250 mg/m², day 1 and 8, i.v., q3 Cisplatin: 70 mg/m², day 2, i.v., q3

GemCis

Kurt Miller, Prof. Dr.

The primary objective of the study is to assess the efficacy of the combination consisting of gemcitabine/cisplatin and panitumumab in patients with urothelial carcinoma and wild-type HRAS (non-mutated status). The progression-free survival rate at 12 months will be compared to expectations derived from historical data, which are verified by a randomised control group without the antibody.

Mutation of ras oncogenes is frequently observed in human tumours and occurs in approximately 30% of all cancer types. Frequent mutation "hot spots" occur in codon 12 (glycine to valine), codon 13 (glycine to cysteine) and codon 61 (glutamine to arginine, lysine and leucine) (Bonner et al. 1993, Levesque et al. 1993). Point mutations in ras genes result in blockade of intrinsic GTPase activity, the physiological mechanism that switches off ras GTPases. The consequence is persistent up-regulation of the signal pathway and increased cell proliferation. The first HRAS mutation in association with bladder cancer was described during establishment of the human urinary bladder carcinoma cell line T24. In further studies, a research group led by Fitzgerald was able to demonstrate that HRAS gene mutations were present in the urine sediment of up to 44% of patients with urinary bladder cancer (Fitzgerald et al. 1995).

Viola et al. subsequently investigated whether an increased mutation rate is accompanied by increased expression of ras proteins in bladder cancer. It was shown that there is indeed increased expression of ras proteins in dedifferentiated tumours and carcinomas in situ, whereas highly differentiated tumours do not exhibit this rate of expression (Viola et al. 1985).

At present, there is no clinical evidence, that the findings of an obvious lack of activity of EGFR antibodies in colorectal cancer with RAS-related mutations, is likewise valid in urothelial carcinoma. However, as it is the aim of this study to detect a first signal of activity in this type of cancer, and the chance of missing such evidence in a phase II trial with limited patient numbers is high anyway, it seems sensible, not to miss this opportunity of "enrichment". In case of a clearly positive signal of efficacy in the present trial, a subsequent phase II study may focus on HRAS mutated tumors.

Overexpression of the EGF receptor in bladder cancer has been described by many research groups (Colquhuon \& Mellon, 2002) and is associated with an advanced stage of the tumour, progression of the tumour and a poor clinical prognosis. The EGFR antibody cetuximab (Erbitux®) has been investigated in a human urothelial carcinoma cell line and in a mouse model with human bladder carcinoma. Cetuximab was found to inhibit tumorigenesis and metastatic progression in vivo and in vitro by means of suppression of angiogenesis and simultaneous induction of apoptosis (Perotte et al., 1999; Inoue et al., 2000). Similar results have also been reported in urothelial carcinoma for the tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib (Villares et al., 2007, Shrader et al., 2007).

There are currently two on-going studies of cetuximab in metastatic bladder cancer: a randomised phase II study of first-line treatment with Gemcitabine and Cisplatin +/- Erbitux (NCT00645593) and a randomised phase II study of second-line treatment with Erbitux +/- Paclitaxel (NCT00350025).

The HRAS mutation rate in urothelial carcinoma is approximately 40%. The primary objective of the study is to assess the efficacy of the combination consisting of gemcitabine/cisplatin and panitumumab in patients with wild-type HRAS (non-mutated status). The progression-free survival rate at 12 months will be compared to expectations derived from historical data, which are verified by a randomised control group without the antibody.

PURO Panitumumab in Combination With Gemcitabine/Cisplatin in Advanced Urothelial Cancer

PURO - An Open-label, Randomised, Multicentre, Phase II Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Chemotherapy With Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in Combination With the EGF Receptor Antibody Panitumumab (GemCisP) Versus GemCis in the First-line Therapy of Locally Advanced/Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma in Patients With Wild-type HRAS

Gesellschaft fur Medizinische Innovation - Hamatologie und Onkologie mbH

WiSP Wissenschaftlicher Service Pharma GmbH

Study title	NCT ID	Conditions	Interventions	Eligibility	Organization	Link
PURO Panitumumab in Combination With Gemcitabine/Cisplatin in Advanced Urothelial Cancer	NCT01374789	Urinary Bladder...	GemCis + Panitu... GemCis	18 Years -	WiSP Wissenschaftlicher Service Pharma GmbH
PURO Panitumumab in Combination With Gemcitabine/Cisplatin in Advanced Urothelial Cancer	NCT01374789	Urinary Bladder...	GemCis + Panitu... GemCis	18 Years -	WiSP Wissenschaftlicher Service Pharma GmbH

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