Neoplasms

Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases

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Breast Neoplasms

Central Nervous System Depressants

All Drugs and Chemicals

Analgesics

Adjuvants, Anesthesia

Psychotropic Drugs

Anesthetics

Dexmedetomidine

Rocuronium

Ropivacaine

Midazolam

Propofol

Sufentanil

Remifentanil

Dsuvia

The T Group received PECS II(PMID: 22939099) combined with intercostal nerve block

C Group underwent laryngeal mask insertion after general anesthesia induction.

The patient was in a supine position, and under ultrasound guidance, the needle tip was first placed in the plane between the pectoralis major and minor muscles, and 10ml of 0.3% ropivacaine was injected. The needle was then advanced into the space between the pectoralis minor and serratus anterior muscles, and 20ml of 0.3% ropivacaine was injected. Intercostal nerve blockade: The range of intercostal blockade was determined based on the location of the breast surgery. The needle was inserted into the intercostal space from the posterior axillary line, and 3ml of 0.3% ropivacaine was injected into each intercostal space.

PECS II combined with intercostal nerve blockade;

The C Group underwent general anesthesia induction using TCI propofol 3-3.5μg/ml, TCI remifentanil 1-2ng/ml, sufentanil 0.3μg/kg iv, midazolam 0.05mg/kg iv, and rocuronium 0.6mg/kg iv after loss of consciousness. After muscle relaxation, the laryngeal mask was inserted, and mechanical ventilation was performed with a tidal volume of 6ml/kg. Anesthesia maintenance included propofol 3-4μg/ml and remifentanil 1-2ng/ml.

General anesthesia with laryngeal mask

Jun Zhang, PhD

Dandan Ling, MD

The aim of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to assess the Quality of Recovery (QoR) in Breast-conserving Surgery (BCS) with Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy (SLNB) using Pectoral Nerves (PECS) Block and General Anesthesia (GA). The primary objectives are as follows: First, to determine if the PECS group exhibits better QoR; Second, to investigate if the PECS group experiences less postoperative pain and complications; Third, to examine if the PECS group demonstrates more stable hemodynamics.

This study is a randomized controlled trial, with a 1:1 ratio for grouping. The experimental group is the T group, receiving Pecs II combined with intercostal nerve block, while the control group is the C group, receiving general anesthesia. The primary outcome measure is the QoR-15 score of the subjects 6 hours after surgery. Based on preliminary results, the control group had a QoR-15 score of 133±8 (n=6), and the experimental group needs to improve by at least 8 points (which is generally considered clinically significant, PMID:27159009). With a two-sided α=0.05 and a power of 99%, accounting for a 20% dropout rate, the final required sample size was calculated to be 96 cases, with 48 cases in each group.

If the proportion of dropout cases is less than 5% and considered "completely random missing," the missing records generated by the dropout cases will be directly excluded. Depending on the specific circumstances, either single imputation or multiple imputation methods will be used.

The nerve block group was named the test group (T Group), and the laryngeal mask general anesthesia group was named the control group (C Group). The T Group received PECS II combined with intercostal nerve blockade, while the C Group underwent laryngeal mask insertion after general anesthesia induction.

The follow-up personnel and data analysts are blind.

Comparing the QoR of PECS Block and GA in Breast-conserving Surgery With Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

Comparing the Quality of Recovery(QoR) of Pectoral Nerves(PECS) Block and General Anesthesia(GA) in Breast-conserving Surgery(BCS) With Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy(SLNB):A Randomized Controlled Trial

The 15-item quality of recovery(QoR-15) at 2 hours after the surgery.

The 15-item quality of recovery(QoR-15) at 24 hours after the surgery.

Postoperative numeric rating scales pain score at 2 hours after the surgery. Postoperative pain severity at rest and movement measured using a numerical rating scale(NRS) at 24 h. The numerical rating scale (NRS) is a line with numbers from 0 to 10 are spaced evenly across the page. And the NRS is bounded at the left-most end with "no pain" and at the right-most end with "worst pain imaginable". Pain levels below "4" are considered mild, "4-7" is moderate pain, and anything above "7" is considered severe pain. Patients are instructed to circle the number that represents the amount of pain that they are experiencing at the time of the evaluation. The movement status refers to maximum mobility of the upper arm of the surgical side. Remedial pain relief measures are initiated when the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) score exceeds 4.

Postoperative numeric rating scales pain score at 24 hours after the surgery. Postoperative pain severity at rest and movement measured using a numerical rating scale(NRS) at 24 h. The numerical rating scale (NRS) is a line with numbers from 0 to 10 are spaced evenly across the page. And the NRS is bounded at the left-most end with "no pain" and at the right-most end with "worst pain imaginable". Pain levels below "4" are considered mild, "4-7" is moderate pain, and anything above "7" is considered severe pain. Patients are instructed to circle the number that represents the amount of pain that they are experiencing at the time of the evaluation. The movement status refers to maximum mobility of the upper arm of the surgical side. Remedial pain relief measures are initiated when the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) score exceeds 4.

The number of patients requiring additional analgesics for rescue analgesia after the surgery is completed.

A systolic blood pressure below 80mmHg is defined as hypotension. Record the number of patients who experience intraoperative hypotension.

During the surgery and anesthesia process, a heart rate below 45 bpm is defined as intraoperative Bradycardia. Record the number of patients who experience intraoperative Bradycardia.

A heart rate below 45 bpm is defined as Bradycardia. Record the number of patients who experience Bradycardia.

Proportion of patients experiencing postoperative nausea and vomiting at least once at 24 hours postoperatively.

The 15-item quality of recovery(QoR-15) at 6 hours after the surgery.

Postoperative numeric rating scales pain score at 6 hours after the surgery. Postoperative pain severity at rest and movement measured using a numerical rating scale(NRS) at 24 h. The numerical rating scale (NRS) is a line with numbers from 0 to 10 are spaced evenly across the page. And the NRS is bounded at the left-most end with "no pain" and at the right-most end with "worst pain imaginable". Pain levels below "4" are considered mild, "4-7" is moderate pain, and anything above "7" is considered severe pain. Patients are instructed to circle the number that represents the amount of pain that they are experiencing at the time of the evaluation. The movement status refers to maximum mobility of the upper arm of the surgical side. Remedial pain relief measures are initiated when the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) score exceeds 4.

During the surgery and anesthesia process, a systolic blood pressure below 80mmHg is defined as intraoperative hypotension. Record the number of patients who experience intraoperative hypotension.

Monitor the magnitude of hemodynamic changes compared to baseline after the incision. The main comparison is the magnitude of changes in mean arterial pressure between the two groups.

Monitor the magnitude of hemodynamic changes compared to baseline after the incision. The main comparison is the magnitude of changes in heart rate between the two groups.

Study title	NCT ID	Conditions	Interventions	Eligibility	Organization	Link
Comparing the QoR of PECS Block and GA in Breast-conserving Surgery With Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy	NCT06120439	Breast Cancer Pectoral Nerves... Breast-Conservi... Sentinel Lymph ...	PECS II combine... General anesthe...	18 Years - 70 Years	Fudan University
Comparing the QoR of PECS Block and GA in Breast-conserving Surgery With Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy	NCT06120439	Breast Cancer Pectoral Nerves... Breast-Conservi... Sentinel Lymph ...	PECS II combine... General anesthe...	18 Years - 70 Years	Fudan University

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