Neoplasms

Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases

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Breast Neoplasms

Breast Diseases

Skin Diseases

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Hormones

Omega 3 Fatty Acid

Low Fat diet

Low Fat high n3 diet

High Fat Diet

Susan K Raatz, PhD, RD

The primary objective of this investigation is to determine whether diets designed to increase plasma n3 concentrations (a low fat diet, with or without n3 fatty acid enrichment), will favorably affect sex hormone distribution in women in a direction associated with reduced risk of sex hormone-mediated cancer development. Specifically, we hypothesize that an increased concentration of circulating n3 fatty acids will reduce the biochemical markers associated with increased risk for developing certain sex hormone mediated cancers such as breast cancer

The guiding concept of our proposal is that both the total fat and the fatty acid composition of the diet contribute to a milieu associated with the risk for sex-hormone mediated cancers. Specifically, we hypothesize that an increased concentration of circulating n3 fatty acids will reduce the biochemical markers associated with increased risk for developing certain sex hormone mediated cancers such as breast cancer. When compared with the high fat diet, we expect n3 concentrations to increase and sex hormone levels to decrease after both low fat and low fat/n3 rich diets, with the greatest response in the low fat-n3 supplemented group. The aims of this project are: 1) to evaluate the effects of total fat and n3 fatty acid consumption on plasma and urine sex hormone concentrations in postmenopausal women, 2) to evaluate the relationship between plasma concentrations of fatty acids and plasma and urinary sex hormone concentrations, and 3) to evaluate the effects of total fat and n3 fatty acid consumption on the associations between sex hormone concentrations and urinary prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane B2 concentrations.

The primary objective of this investigation is to determine whether diets designed to increase plasma n3 concentrations (a low fat diet, with or without n3 fatty acid enrichment), will favorably affect sex hormone distribution in women in a direction associated with reduced risk of sex hormone-mediated cancer development. The primary endpoints to be evaluated include plasma and urinary sex hormone concentrations as follows:

Endpoints associates with increased risk factors for breast cancer risk: plasma estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), estrone sulfate (E1 sulfate), testosterone, androstenedione, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), Measures of estrogen action: plasma follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), urinary estrogen metabolites.

Measures of systemic arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids: urinary bicyclo-prostaglandin E2 (PGEa), 2,3-dinor thromboxane B2 (TXB2).

Measures reflecting influence of dietary fat and fatty acid intake: plasma phospholipid, cholesterol ester, triglyceride and free fatty acid composition.

Dietary Fat, Eicosanoids and Breast Cancer Risk

USDA Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center

Low Fat Diet

Low Fat, High n3 Diet

Low Fat = 20% fat High Fat = 40% fat Low Fat, high n3 diet = 20% fat + 3% n3

Low Fat, High Fat, Low Fat High Omega 3

Low Fat, Low Fat High Omega 3, High Fat

High Fat, Low Fat, Low Fat High Omega 3

High Fat, Low Fat High Omega 3, Low Fat

Low Fat High Omega 3, High Fat, Low Fat

Low Fat High Omega 3, Low Fat, High Fat

Total

Age, Categorical

Age, Continuous

Sex: Female, Male

United States

Region of Enrollment

Susan Raatz, PhD, RD

Plasma Sex Hormone Levels

1st Intervention (8 Weeks)

Washout (8 Weeks)

2nd Intervention (8 Weeks)

3rd Intervention (8 Weeks)

Spots Global Cancer Trial Database for high fat diet