Neoplasms

All Conditions

Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases

Carcinoma

Breast Neoplasms

Carcinoma, Ductal

Carcinoma in Situ

Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating

Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial

Neoplasms by Histologic Type

Adenocarcinoma

Breast Carcinoma In Situ

* Inframammary fold incision which is in the crease under the breast.
* Perfusion of the involved breast will be monitored at three separate time points using laser-assisted fluorescence angiography (Spy Elite, LifeCell)

  * Intraoperatively prior to mastectomy
  * At the conclusion of NASSM (following completion of mastectomy procedure and prior to implant insertion during reconstruction) - (ie. Mastectomy done, implant not in yet)
  * Following the conclusion of reconstruction with an immediate implant and skin closure with either temporary staples or final suture placement (ie. Mastectomy done and implant in)

* Lateral radial incision
* Perfusion of the involved breast will be monitored at three separate time points using laser-assisted fluorescence angiography (Spy Elite, LifeCell)

  * Intraoperatively prior to mastectomy
  * At the conclusion of NASSM (following completion of mastectomy procedure and prior to implant insertion during reconstruction) - (ie. Mastectomy done, implant not in yet)
  * Following the conclusion of reconstruction with an immediate implant and skin closure with either temporary staples or final suture placement (ie. Mastectomy done and implant in)

* Patients in which the surgeon feels that for oncologic reasons must have a specific incision (either inframammary fold or lateral radial incision) and cannot be randomized due to concerns of compromising clinical care but otherwise meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria will be offered participation as part of a non-randomized cohort.
* Perfusion of the involved breast will be monitored at three separate time points using laser-assisted fluorescence angiography (Spy Elite, LifeCell)

  * Intraoperatively prior to mastectomy
  * At the conclusion of NASSM (following completion of mastectomy procedure and prior to implant insertion during reconstruction) - (ie. Mastectomy done, implant not in yet)
  * Following the conclusion of reconstruction with an immediate implant and skin closure with either temporary staples or final suture placement (ie. Mastectomy done and implant in)

Inframammary Fold Incision or Lateral Radial Incision

Lateral Radial Incision

Inframammary Fold Incision

Laser-assisted fluorescence angiography

Indocyanine Green

Marissa J Tenenbaum, M.D.

The investigators hypothesize that nipple-areola skin sparing mastectomy (NASSM) performed through an inframammary incision has a superior blood supply relative to a lateral oblique incision. Moreover, by minimizing complications and optimizing aesthetic outcomes, the investigators believe it will be associated with significantly higher patient reported outcome scores. The addition of information gained by use of intraoperative laser-assisted fluorescent angiography (measured with the Spy Elite imaging device) will reduce complication rates by directing intraoperative resection of ischemic tissue and limiting the volume of immediate implant placement in instances where real time imaging would suggest compromised perfusion. These quantifiable, objective measures will justify the use of NASSM and immediate implant placement coupled with intraoperative laser-assisted fluorescent angiography in prosthetic based breast reconstruction despite longer operative times.

Study to Assess Perfusion and Patient Satisfaction in Nipple-Areola Mastectomy With Immediate Reconstruction

A Prospective Randomized Trial to Assess Perfusion and Patient Satisfaction in Nipple-Areola Mastectomy With Immediate Reconstruction

* Laser-assisted fluorescent angiography via the Spy Elite imaging device will be utilized to capture this data during mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction. Standard postoperative patient follow up will assess for perfusion.
* The Spy device quantifies perfusion by measuring relative fluorescence of indocyanine green bound to plasma proteins. This produces an intensity value of 0-255 based on an 8-bit greyscale. The investigators measured this value preoperatively when measured and compared to the post-intervention measurement. The device can calculate the cumulative intensity of a defined region of interest which the investigators categorized as the lateral, lower, medial, or nipple-areola region of the breast. The investigators also evaluated the cumulative value of these areas in total. Rate of perfusion was simply this value over time (90 seconds).

-The BREAST-Q is a previously validated instrument which measures patient reported outcomes. It has several iterations including the one utilized here which is specific for implant-based breast reconstruction. Each of its 6 domains generates a Q-score from 0 (lowest) to 100 (highest). A higher number indicates a higher satisfaction or better quality of life than a lower number. Based on answers to the questions, each individual will generate a whole number score for each domain. The patient can be sampled preoperatively and postoperatively as well as over time to calculate the impact of intervention and time on this value. Q-scores are calculated for each domain, and the investigators report a mean value based on data from an entire cohort for the particular domain. Domains include evaluation of overall satisfaction with breasts, physical well being, sexual well being, as well as satisfaction with office staff, information provided, and the provider.

LifeCell

Washington University School of Medicine

Common complications occur with breast oncologic and reconstructive surgery. None of these are expected to be related to the performance of this study and will not be summarized, graded or reported as traditional adverse event reporting in an interventional oncology trial.

Inframammary Fold Incision Cohort

Lateral Radial Incision Cohort

Non-Randomized Cohort

Total

Age, Continuous

Sex: Female, Male

United States

Region of Enrollment

Study had randomized-controlled trial design with assignment to IMF or LR incision but during enrollment patients frequently withdrew from randomization due to patient/surgical oncology preference and/or preexisting scars precluding randomization.

Marissa J. Tenebaum, M.D.

Overall breast

Nipple

Inferior

Lateral

Medial

Percentage of Original Preoperative Blood Supply (Perfusion) Post Nipple Sparing Mastectomy

Percentage of Original Preoperative Blood Supply (Perfusion) Post Reconstruction

Satisfaction with Breasts (pre-op)

Satisfaction with Breasts (post-op)

Psychosocial (pre-op)

Psychosocial (post-op)

Physical chest (pre-op)

Physical chest (post-op)

Sexuality (pre-op)

Sexuality (post-op)

6 participants were not evaluable for this outcome measure in the inframammary fold incision cohort and 2 particpants were not evaluable for this outcome measure in the lateral radial incision cohort due to not completing the Breast Q score.

Spots Global Cancer Trial Database for inframammary fold incision or lateral radial incision