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Cryoablation of one visceral lesion or bone metastasis excluding liver and sclerotic bone metastases combined with pembrolizumab and pemetrexed-carboplatin prescribed as per market authorization.

Combination of Pembrolizumab and pemetrexed-carboplatin prescribed as per market authorization.

Cryoablation will be performed by a specialized radiologist, percutaneously, ie "through the skin". The operation is performed under general anesthesia, under the guidance of the scanner. The images from the scanner make it possible to precisely insert and place a needle at the level of the tumor to be treated. Intense cold will be produced by the needle and will destroy the cancer cells by freezing (temperatures of -40 °C). Freezing is localized to the tumor, the rest of the organ will not suffer from the cold.

The aftermath of the intervention causes only minimal pain and in most cases does not require pain treatment. As the operation is minimally traumatic, the risk of complications is low. Hospitalization is around twenty-four hours and usual or professional activities can be resumed very quickly.

Cryoablation

Pembrolizumab will be prescribed and administered at the dose recommended by market authorization.

Pemetrexed will be prescribed and administered at the dose recommended by market authorization.

Carboplatin will be prescribed and administered at the dose recommended by market authorization.

Jean PALUSSIERE, MD

Simone MATHOULIN-PELISSIER, MD, PhD

Antoine ITALIANO, MD, PhD

This study aims to compare the one-year survival benefit of the association of cryoablation-pembrolizumab-pemetrexed-carboplatin versus pembrolizumab-pemetrexed-carboplatin in metastatic lung adenocarcinoma patients.

This is a multicenter, prospective, open-labeled, 2-arm comparative randomized (1:1) phase III trial.

Patients will be randomized with a 1:1 ratio into:

* Arm A (experimental arm): cryoablation of one visceral lesion or bone metastasis excluding liver and sclerotic bone metastases combined with pembrolizumab and pemetrexed-carboplatin prescribed as per market authorization.
* Arm B (standard arm): pembrolizumab and pemetrexed-carboplatin prescribed as per market authorization.

Pembrolizumab and pemetrexed-carboplatin will be prescribed and administered at the dose recommended by market authorization.

Cryoablation treatment should be performed within 6 weeks after the first administration of pembrolizumab. No treatment switching permitted.

Upon signature of the informed consent and verification of the screening results, eligible participants will be randomized between two therapeutic strategies:

* Arm A (experimental arm): cryoablation of visceral lesion or bone metastasis excluding liver and sclerotic bone metastases combined with pembrolizumab and pemetrexed-carboplatin prescribed as per market authorization.
* Arm B (standard arm): pembrolizumab and pemetrexed-carboplatin prescribed as per market authorization.

Pembrolizumab treatment should begin no later than 7 days after randomization. The cryoablation treatment should be performed within 6 weeks after the first administration of pembrolizumab.

RECIST v1.1 tumour assessment:Tumour response will be defined and assessed as per the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST v1.1).

* A comprehensive workup will be performed at baseline and every 9 weeks.
* The same method will be used to evaluate each identified lesion both at baseline and throughout the study.
* Treatment will be administered as long as no disease progression or unacceptable toxicity is found, or as long as no other reasons for treatment discontinuation are met.
* Assessment of efficacy will be essentially based on a set of measurable lesions identified at baseline as target lesions and followed until disease progression and following the RECIST v1.1 criteria.
* Confirmation of response at least 4 weeks later is not required in this randomized study where response is not the primary endpoint.

SAFETY :Patients will be evaluable for safety if they have received at least one treatment administration. Safety profile will be continuously followed during treatment up to 90 days after the last immunotherapy treatment administration or until the start of a new antitumor therapy or until 12 months of treatment, whichever occurs first.

STUDY PROCEDURES :

Blood sample will be collected at baseline (Day 1: before treatment initiation), Day 1 cycle 2 (Day 21 +/- 3 days), Day 1 cycle 3 (Day 42 +/- 3 days) and progression.

Patients will be asked to provide samples of biopsy tissue at screening (prior to anticancer agent with immunomodulatory activity treatment initiation), during treatment (day 42 +/- 3 days) and at disease progression as follows.

Only for consented patient (optional), stool sample will be collected at baseline (Day 1: before treatment initiation).

All randomized patients will be followed up until death or the end of the follow-up period, defined as 36 months after randomization, whichever occurs first. For all patients, treatments regimen, tumor response during and/or after treatment, survival follow-up will be collected on study database:

* Every 3 months until loco-regional relapse or metastasis evidence, death or until the date of study termination, whichever occurs first,
* Every 6 months after loco-regional relapse or metastasis evidence, until death or until the date of study termination, whichever occurs first.

Cryoablation in Combination (or Not) With Pembrolizumab and Pemetrexed-carboplatin in 1st-line Treatment for Patients With Metastatic Lung Adenocarcinoma

Cryoablation in Combination (or Not) With Pembrolizumab and Pemetrexed-carboplatin in First-line Treatment for Patients With Metastatic Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Randomized Phase III Study

Overall survival (OS) is defined as the time interval between the date of randomization and the date of death (from any cause). Patients alive will be censored at the date of last follow-up or last patient contact. One-year OS rates will be compared between arms.

Overall response rate (ORR) is defined as the rate of patients with complete or partial response (CR, PR) as per RECIST v1.1. According to RECIST v1.1: Complete Response (CR), Disappearance of all target lesions; Partial Response (PR), \>=30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters.; Overall Response (OR) = CR + PR.

Overall response rate (ORR) is defined as the rate of patients with complete or partial response (CR, PR) as per RECIST v1.1. ORR will be assessed across all time points, once all the data for the patient is known. According to RECIST v1.1: Complete Response (CR), Disappearance of all target lesions; Partial Response (PR), \>=30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters.; Overall Response (OR) = CR + PR.

The duration of overall response (DoR) is defined as the time from documentation of tumour response (Complete or partial responses whichever is first recorded) to disease progression, according to RECIST v1.1. Kaplan-Meier Method will be used to estimate DoR.

Best overall response rate (BoR) is defined as rate of patients with the best response across all time points (RECIST v1.1). The best overall response will be determined once all the data for the patient is known.

Overall survival (OS) is defined as the time interval between the date of randomization and the date of death (from any cause). 2-year OS rates will be compared between arms.

Progression-free survival (PFS) is defined as the time interval between the date of randomization and the date of progression (RECIST v1.1) or death (from any cause), whichever occurs first.The analysis of PFS will be based on the censoring process following FDA guidelines. Progression is defined using RECIST v1.1, as a 20% increase in the sum of diameters of target lesions (taking as reference the smallest sum on study), or a unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions, or the appearance of one or more new lesions.1-year PFS rates will be compared between arms.

Progression-free survival (PFS) is defined as the time interval between the date of randomization and the date of progression (RECIST v1.1) or death (from any cause), whichever occurs first.The analysis of PFS will be based on the censoring process following FDA guidelines. Progression is defined using RECIST v1.1, as a 20% increase in the sum of diameters of target lesions (taking as reference the smallest sum on study), or a unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions, or the appearance of one or more new lesions.2-year PFS rates will be compared between arms.

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) will be assessed through EORTC QLQ-C30 (Aaronson et al. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993).The QLQ-C30 is a questionnaire developed to assess the quality of life of cancer patients. The questionnaire includes one global health status/QoL scale, five functional scales and three symptom scale. Each scale is scored from 0 to 100. A high score on a scale indicate a good outcome for the dimension of QoL.

Time until definitive deterioration (TUDD) of HRQoL is defined as the time from the date of randomization to a first deterioration of at least 10 points of HRQoL as compared to the baseline score (Bonnetain et al. Eur J Cancer 2010).

Post-progression treatment is defined as the treatment (systemic/local) given after the first progression under cryoablation+pembrolizumab and pemetrexed-carboplatin or pembrolizumab and pemetrexed-carboplatin.

Overall response rate (ORR) is defined as the rate of patients with immune complete or partial responses (iCR, iPR) as per iRECIST (Seymour et al. 2017). iCR and iPR can be assigned after iUPD (immune unconfirmed progressive disease) has been documented.

Duration of i-response (iDoR) is defined as the time from the date of the first response iCR/iPR (whichever is first recorded) to the date of PD (iUPD confirmed as iCPD). iDOR is only defined for subjects who have best overall response of iCR or iPR.

Immune-progression-free survival (iPFS) is defined as the time interval between the date of randomization and the date of progression (iRECIST) or death (from any cause), whichever occurs first. The event date to be used for calculation of progression-free survival (iPFS) should be the first date at which progression criteria are met (ie, the date of iUPD) provided that iCPD is confirmed at the next assessment. 1-year iPFS rates will be compared between arms.

Immune-progression-free survival (iPFS) is defined as the time interval between the date of randomization and the date of progression (iRECIST) or death (from any cause), whichever occurs first. The event date to be used for calculation of progression-free survival (iPFS) should be the first date at which progression criteria are met (ie, the date of iUPD) provided that iCPD is confirmed at the next assessment. 2-year iPFS rates will be compared between arms.

Best overall response rate (iBoR) is defined, according to iRECIST, as the rate of patients with the best timepoint response recorded from the start of the study treatment until the end of treatment, taking into account any requirement for confirmation.

Serious Adverse events (SAEs) will be coded and graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) NCI v5.

Adverse events (AEs) will be coded and graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) NCI v5.

counts of hospitalisations within 30 days after the cryoablation will be summarized by treatment strategy.

Percentage of patients that worsen their ECOG score of 1 or more point at follow-up visits post randomization will be summarized by treatment strategy.

Spots Global Cancer Trial Database for lung adenocarcinoma, immunotherapy, cryoablation