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MR guided High Intensity focused ultrasound

High Intensity Focused Ultrasound is a totally non-invasive procedure that can destroy tumors transcutaneously; safety and efficacy profile are dramatically increased by the MRI guidance

Alessandro Napoli, MD, PhD

Alessandro Napoli

Alessandro napoli, MD, PhD

Non-invasive treatment of Osteoid osteoma using MRI guided high-intensity focused ultrasound. This study is designed as an intention-to-treat using a totally non-invasive approach for pain reduction, quality of life improvement and long-term bone restoration. Procedure is performed in a single session using limited amount of acoustic energy to target the osteoid nidus. Treatment will be performed under anesthesia (peripheral or general according to age and lesion position).

An osteoid osteoma is a benign, painful musculoskeletal tumor that usually occurs in young males. The standard of care in the United States is computed tomography (CT)-guided radiofrequency ablation, a minimally invasive percutaneous procedure, with clinical success rates ranging between 85% and 98%.

Percutaneous or surgical therapy can lead to non-negligible side-effects and limited efficacy for pediatric population or young adults with osteoid osteoma. We investigate whether selective focal ablation of osteoid lesions can reduce this treatment burden without compromising long-term clinical efficacy.

Treatments will be performed using a 3.0-T MR unit (Discovery MR 750; GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee,Wis) featuring a Conformité Européenne-approved ExAblate MR-guided focused ultrasound system (InSightec,Tirat-Carmel, Israel) in which the ultrasound transducer is housed in the patient table. Alignment between the lesion and the transducer will be obtained in each patient by using a moistened gel pad and degassed water for acoustic coupling. This approach avoided air- skin interfaces, which can cause energy reflection and skin burns. After patient positioning, the lesion is localized with MR for treatment by using variably orientated non enhanced T1- and T2-weighted acquisitions. In general, an ideal 90° incidental angle between the planned focused ultrasound path and the lesion, relative to the bone long axis, is obtained or at least approximated. The shortest skin-lesion distance is selected for the beam pathway. Care will be taken to avoid multiple interfaces (skin, muscle, fasciae) as much as possible so as to minimize deflection of the focused ultrasound beam. Each lesion will be manually segmented by the operator to precisely delineate the nidus, skin surface, and cortical surface of the bone. Sensitive areas surrounding the target volumes will also be drawn to limit the energy and prevent unwanted thermal damage. The treatment plan is than calculated automatically by the ExAblate software according to previously acquired parameters, including the energy (in joules), the interval between two sonications, the sonication duration, and the spot size, which are modifiable by the operator. Thereafter, a low-energy sonication test will be performed to confirm the path and correct direction of the ultrasound beam into the target area and to confirm the planned energy dose and the effective dose deployed to the lesion.

The increase in tissue temperature is evaluated by using real-time MR thermometry of phase-difference fast spoiled gradient-echo sequences (proton resonant frequency shift method). The sequences are acquired to provide temperature-dependent images and real-time mapping of the thermal dose on a preferred imaging plane. The proton resonant frequency shift method starts simultaneously with each sonication. Similar to other treatments of bone lesions that use MR-guided focused ultrasound, the temperature increase is determined on the adjacent periskeletal tissue. In fact, proton resonant frequency sequences cannot effectively measure the temperature on the bone surface because of the absence of moving protons in the cortical zone. Thus, MR thermometry reveals a temperature increase, which propagates by conductive processes from the bone to the immediately adjacent soft tissues that respond linearly to an increase in bone temperature, thereby allowing an accurate measure of heating. Portions of periosteum and adjacent tumor that are not fully ablated can be re-treated if deemed necessary. The critical temperature threshold for ablation is set at 65°C in the soft tissues adjacent to the targeted bone structures. Postprocedural care includes evaluation of possible skin burns, monitoring of vital signs for 2 hours after treatment in the MR department, and administration of analgesic and/or antiemetic drugs if requested. Treatment-related adverse events will be recorded as minor or major on the basis of medical severity, additional treatment, and long-term consequences for patients. Treatment will be performed on an outpatient basis in the patients who receive only local and peripheral anesthesia; the patient who receives general anesthesia is usually hospitalized for 24 hours after treatment.

Non-invasive Focal Therapy for Osteoid Osteoma

Treatment of Osteoid Osteoma With MR Guided High Intensity Focused Ultrasound

correlation between nidus vascularization reduction and symptoms relieve

University of Roma La Sapienza

MD, PhD

patients with osteoid osteoma at any location

surgery for osteoid osteoma: this may include curettage or en-bloc resection of the lesion

surgical removal of osteoid osteoma

Purpose of the study:

To retrospectively determine the clinical results in an unselected group of consecutive patients with osteoid osteoma treated by surgery.

Materials and Methods:

In 150 consecutive patients with clinical and/or radiological evidence for osteoid osteoma at any location, the clinical symptoms and imaging findings (radiographs and computed tomography (CT)) were assessed before and after surgery. There were no exclusion criteria for this study. A good response was defined as disappearance of symptoms that were manifested at presentation and were attributed to osteoid osteoma. Clinical assessment after the procedure was performed prior to discharge; within 2 weeks after the procedure; and at 3, 6, and 12 months follow-up. After 24 months, a postal questionnaire was used for assessment. Radiographic evaluation (radiographs and thin-slice CT) was performed routinely pre-operatively and one year after surgery.

In case of persisting or recurring symptoms the follow-up protocol was again performed according to the initial protocol.

All patients gave their informed consent both for the surgical intervention as for the use of their patient data in this retrospective study.

Study title	NCT ID	Conditions	Interventions	Eligibility	Organization	Link
Non-invasive Focal Therapy for Osteoid Osteoma	NCT02302651	Osteoma, Osteoi...	MR guided High ...	3 Years - 80 Years	University of Roma La Sapienza
Treatment Outcome After Surgical Treatment of Osteoid Osteoma	NCT01466010	Osteoid Osteoma	surgical remova...	2 Years - 70 Years	Universitaire Ziekenhuizen KU Leuven

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