Neoplasms

Blood and Lymph Conditions

All Conditions

Heart and Blood Diseases

Immune System Diseases

Rare Diseases

Leukemia

Multiple Myeloma

Neoplasms, Plasma Cell

Leukemia, Plasma Cell

Neoplasms by Histologic Type

Hemostatic Disorders

Blood Coagulation Disorders

Vascular Diseases

Paraproteinemias

Blood Protein Disorders

Hematologic Diseases

Hemorrhagic Disorders

Lymphoproliferative Disorders

Immunoproliferative Disorders

Plasma Cell Leukemia

Antineoplastic Agents

Antirheumatic Agents

All Drugs and Chemicals

Amino Acids

Cyclophosphamide

Melphalan

Lenograstim

Lenalidomide

Mitogens

Mechlorethamine

Nitrogen Mustard Compounds

Immunosuppressive Agents

Immunologic Factors

Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating

Alkylating Agents

Adjuvants, Immunologic

Angiogenesis Inhibitors

Growth Inhibitors

Phenylalanine

Alanine

MOBILIZATION AND APHERESIS: Patients receive cyclophosphamide IV over 2 hours. Beginning 24 hours after cyclophosphamide administration, patients receive filgrastim SC or IV. Patients also undergo apheresis over 4 hours on day 10.

CONDITIONING REGIMEN: Patients receive palifermin IV on days -8, to -6, undergo TMI on days -5 to -2, and receive melphalan IV over 30 minutes on day -1. Patients then undergo ASCT IV on day 0, receive palifermin IV on days 1-3, and receive filgrastim SC or IV on day 5.

MAINTENANCE THERAPY: Beginning 30 days after ASCT, patients receive lenalidomide PO daily.

Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Filgrastim

Laboratory Biomarker Analysis

pheresis

Palifermin

Total Marrow Irradiation

George Somlo, MD

This phase I/II trial studies the side effects and best dose of melphalan and total marrow irradiation and how well they work with autologous stem cell transplantation in treating patients with high-risk multiple myeloma. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as melphalan, work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. Total marrow irradiation is a type of radiation therapy and a form of total body irradiation that may deliver focused radiation to the major marrow sites where cancer cells reside. Giving chemotherapy and total-body irradiation before a peripheral autologous blood stem cell transplant helps kill any cancer cells that are in the body and helps make room in the patient's bone marrow for new blood-forming cells (stem cells) to grow. After treatment, stem cells are collected from the patient's blood and stored. More chemotherapy is then given to prepare the bone marrow for the stem cell transplant. The stem cells are then returned to the patient to replace the blood-forming cells that were destroyed by the chemotherapy.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To assess the safety and determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of melphalan and fractionated total marrow irradiation (TMI) as conditioning regimen for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in patients with high-risk or treatment-insensitive multiple myeloma (MM). (Phase I) II. Evaluate the safety of the regimen at each dose level by assessing adverse events: type, frequency, severity, attribution, time course, duration.

III. Evaluate the safety of the regimen at each dose level by assessing complication including: infection, delayed engraftment and secondary malignancy.

IV. To assess complete response (CR) and minimal residual disease (MRD) rates at 100 days post ASCT in a phase II expanded cohort of patients treated at the MTD. (Phase II)

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To assess the predictive value of high risk features inclusive of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), International Staging System (ISS) stage, gene expression profiling (GEP) for CR and minimal residual disease (MRD) for relapse free survival/progression free survival/overall survival (RFS/PFS/OS) after melphalan TMI (mel/TMI).

II. To assess MRD by positron emission tomography (PET), next generation sequencing (NGS), and flow cytometry after mel/TMI, prior to maintenance and correlation with PFS and OS.

III. To assess in a descriptive fashion PFS and OS following mel/TMI and ASCT. IV. Evaluate changes in fludeoxyglucose F-18 (FDG) PET pre and post TMI/melphalan.

TERTIARY OBJECTIVES:

I. Assessment of bone marrow residual damage. II. Assessment of immune recovery dynamics. III. To conduct genetic profiling of myeloma cells. IV. Multimodal imaging for non-invasive assessment of treatment effect on bone and marrow.

OUTLINE: This is a phase I, dose-escalation study of melphalan and TMI followed by a phase II study.

MOBILIZATION AND APHERESIS: Patients receive cyclophosphamide intravenously (IV) over 2 hours. Beginning 24 hours after cyclophosphamide administration, patients receive filgrastim subcutaneously (SC) or IV. Patients also undergo apheresis over 4 hours on day 10.

CONDITIONING REGIMEN: Patients receive palifermin IV on days -8, to -6, undergo TMI on days -5 to -2, and receive melphalan IV over 30 minutes on day -1. Patients then undergo ASCT IV on day 0, receive palifermin IV on days 1-3, and receive filgrastim SC or IV on day 5.

MAINTENANCE THERAPY: Beginning 30 days after ASCT, patients receive lenalidomide orally (PO) daily.

Melphalan, Total Marrow Irradiation, and Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Treating Patients With High-Risk Multiple Myeloma

Phase I-II Single Cycle Melphalan/Total Marrow Irradiation (TMI) and Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation (ASCT) Followed by Maintenance in Patients With High-Risk Myeloma and/or Poor Response to Induction Therapy Within 12 Months of Diagnosis

Will be summarized both by pooling across dose levels and by dose level.

Toxicity information recorded will include the type, severity, and the probable association with the study regimen. Tables will be constructed to summarize the observed incidence by severity and type of toxicity.

National Cancer Institute (NCI)

City of Hope Medical Center

Spots Global Cancer Trial Database for plasma cell leukemia in remission