Neoplasms

Respiratory Tract (Lung and Bronchial) Diseases

All Conditions

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung

Lung Neoplasms

Carcinoma

Respiratory Tract Neoplasms

Thoracic Neoplasms

Lung Diseases

Respiratory Tract Diseases

Carcinoma, Bronchogenic

Bronchial Neoplasms

Each prehabilitation session will last approximately 90 minutes and will include:

Endurance training at the ventilatory threshold, determined according to the initial CPET. The first session will last for 15 to 20 minutes then increase by 5 minutes each session to reach 45 minutes in total (including a 5-minute warm-up and 5 minutes of active recovery). The intensity will then increase by 5 or 10 W, as could be tolerated;

Peripheral muscle strengthening at 60% to 70% of the 1-repetition maximum of 3 main components (quadriceps press, whole-leg extension, and upper limb pull down). Three sets of 12 movements will carry out for each exercise and the load will increase weekly as tolerated;

Inspiratory muscle training using a threshold calibrated to at least 30% of the MIP. Patients will be encouraged to carry out 15 minutes of independent training daily and to increase the resistance regularly.

Education to bronchial drainage techniques as well as directed coughing.

Preoperative Pulmonary Rehabilitation

In developed countries cancer has become the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular disease. The lung is a particularly exposed organ since broncho-pulmonary cancers rank second in terms of incidence, and the first rank in terms of mortality of all cancers listed in like reported in United States.

Lung resection surgery is currently the recommended curative treatment for the early stages of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Despite this preferred indication, some patients can not be eligible for surgery because of their cardiovascular or respiratory comorbidities or their impaired functional capacity.

Thus, the evaluation of aerobic capacity through cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) of patients estimated at risk of postoperative complication is now recommended to estimate the level of predictive risk associated. The American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Socitety agree on thresholds of \<10 and\> 20 ml/kg/min of maximum oxygen uptake (VO2peak) respectively determining a high or low postoperative risk, between these two thresholds risk is considered moderate.

Aerobic capacity is traditionally expressed in terms of maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max or VO2peak) evaluated during an incremental CPET. In patients with significant respiratory impairment, these tests are often limited by ventilation and sub-maximally on the metabolic or cardiac parameters. However, the analysis of the VO2 kinetic during a constant-intensity test of moderate intensity is also a relevant way of measuring aerobic conditioning. Indeed, the time constant (τ) of phase II of VO2 kinetics (VO2τ) is a marker that closely reflects the adjustment of oxidative metabolism in skeletal muscle. Analysis of the kinetic parameters of the cardio-respiratory response to exercise has been shown to be reproducible and training-sensitive in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The value of VO2τ was also reported to be strongly correlated with markers of severity and prognosis in COPD patients. Previous work has shown that exercise training can improve the speed of the VO2 kinetic response in COPD patients as well as in healthy subjects.

To date, no study to our knowledge has evaluated the kinetics of the cardiorespiratory response during moderate intensity constant-load test in patients with NSCLC. In this context, this work aims to evaluate the applicability of this measure as well as its evolution during a preoperative exercise training program in patients with NSCLC.

Evaluation of NSCLC Patients' Oxygen Uptake On-kinetics at Cycle-ergometer During Prehabilitation

Evaluation of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients' Oxygen Uptake On-kinetics at Cycle-ergometer During Prehabilitation

maintaining a constant power corresponding to 80% of the anaerobic threshold or failing that 50% of the VO2peak obtained at the incremental CPET (Puente-Maestu et al. 2001). VO2 uptake is collected cycle by cycle by a gas exchange analysis system (Vyntus® CPX, CareFusion, Hoechberg, Germany)

maintaining a constant power corresponding to 80% of the anaerobic threshold or failing that 50% of the VO2peak obtained at the incremental CPET (Puente-Maestu et al. 2001). Heart rate is continuously collected by a 12-lead electrocardiogram dyspositif (EC Sense Lexor, Cardiolex, Solna, Sweden)

Incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) standardized on the statement of the American Thoracic Society and American College of Chest Physicians 2003, on cyclo-ergometer. Performed during the evaluation process before pulmonary resection surgery and allows to refer patients at risk to preoperative retraining.

Incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) standardized on the statement of the American Thoracic Society and American College of Chest Physicians 2003, on cyclo-ergometer. Evaluation post preoperative exercise training to re-calculate postoperative risk.

ADIR Association

5 Preoperative Pulmonary Rehabilitation sessions / week during 3 weeks.

3 Preoperative Pulmonary Rehabilitation sessions / week during 5 weeks.

Each prehabilitation session will last approximately 90 minutes and will include:

* Endurance training at the ventilatory threshold, determined according to the initial CPET. The first session will last for 15 to 20 minutes then increase by 5 minutes each session to reach 45 minutes in total (including a 5-minute warm-up and 5 minutes of active recovery). The intensity will then increase by 5 or 10 W, as could be tolerated;
* Peripheral muscle strengthening at 60% to 70% of the 1-repetition maximum of 3 main components (quadriceps press, whole-leg extension, and upper limb pull down). Three sets of 12 movements will carry out for each exercise and the load will increase weekly as tolerated;
* Inspiratory muscle training using a threshold calibrated to at least 30% of the MIP. Patients will be encouraged to carry out 15 minutes of independent training daily and to increase the resistance regularly.
* Education to bronchial drainage techniques as well as directed coughing.

Pulmonary resection surgery is currently the recommended curative treatment for early stages of non-small cell lung cancer. The implementation of preoperative respiratory rehabilitation programs has shown beneficial results on pulmonary function, functional level, cardiorespiratory conditioning and the occurrence and severity of postoperative complications in this population of patients. Despite these benefits, the most recent meta-analyzes highlight the fact that training modalities (duration, frequencies, intensity) are very heterogeneous. It is then difficult to structure a program only on the basis of data from the literature.

In a cohort analysis of 50 patients trained from 2014 to 2017, our team reported a significantly greater improvement in physiological parameters in patients who performed 15 or more preoperative training sessions. This number of 15 outpatient sessions is therefore considered a minimum training goal in our current practice.

The difficulty of the oncological context is to find the compromise between the necessary diligence to initiate the cancer surgical treatment and the necessary time to obtain the benefits of the preoperative rehabilitation. Previous study reports the difficulty of setting up a four-week training program, perceived as delaying surgery. In order to prevent any risk of prolonging the surgical management time, rehabilitation teams routinely offer short programs with high training frequencies of up to five to six sessions per week. It seems important to note that preoperative rehabilitation is normally considered in patients for whom there is a risk of moderate to high postoperative complications according to the European and North American recommendations. Thus these patients generally benefit from a longer period of assessment than patients whose risk is considered low in terms of their cardio-respiratory and muscular function.

The median duration between the physiological evaluation of patients considered "at risk" before pulmonary resection surgery is 44 (Q1-Q3 29-76) days at Rouen University Hospital, with no significant differences observed between patients who have benefited or not from preoperative rehabilitation. Some teams have even pointed out that there is no difference in survival prognosis in the short or long term between patients who have had an operative delay of more or less 60 or 90 days respectively, which shows the compatibility with the set up a dedicated training course.

As mentioned earlier, the concept of delay has led to extremely dense training for a functionally and cardio-respiratory fragile target population as evidenced by pejorative VO2peak. The density of the training, failing to generate significant physiological stimulation, may increase fatigue or limit adherence to training, especially if it requires movement, and is added to a therapeutic planning including many consultations and further examinations. To date, no study has evaluated the density of preoperative supervised training on pre-surgical benefits.

The objective of this work is to compare the effectiveness of a program of 15 training sessions on VO2peak according to two different densities, namely five times a week over three weeks, or three times a week over five weeks.

Effect of Two Different Preoperative Training Densities in Patients With Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Before Lung Resection Surgery

VO2peak (in ml/kg/min) measured during and incremental Cardio-Pulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET)

maximum power reached during the Cardio-Pulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET)

oxygen consumption at ventilatory threshold recorded during the Cardio-Pulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET)

work-rate at ventilatory threshold recorded during the Cardio-Pulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET)

linear regression of the ratio between the increase in minute ventilation and the expired carbon dioxide flow (VE/VCO2 slope)

weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters

impedancemetry (Bodystat® 1500MDD, (5/50 kHz), Bodystat, Douglas, Isle of Man, UK).

quadriceps peak torque (in Nm) assessed by dynamometry (MicroFET2®, Hogan Health Industries, Inc., UT)

Maximum negative oral pressure generated by the patient during inspiration (in cmH2O)

Full name of the scale : "European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire and modular supplement for Lung Cancer patients" (EORTC QLQ-C30 / LC13) The EORTC QLQ-C30, is a 30 questions questionnaire developed by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, to assess the QoL of cancer patients. It has been translated and validated into over 100 languages and is used in more than 3,000 studies worldwide.

For patients with Lung Cancer, a 13 questions modular supplement, the LC-13, is validated.

The HRQoL is therefore evaluated by a set of 43 questions gathering all aspects that could be impacted.

A raw score is calculated for each dimension and summary score, then standardized from 0 to 100 points. The additional module for Lung Cancer (LC-13) provides a complementary dimension with specific items related to the tumor site.

(see Fayers et. al., The EORTC QLQ-C30 Scoring Manual (3rd Edition) 2001.

number of sessions performed on number of sessions planned

number and type of complication during the 30 days post lung resection. Each complication severity is evaluated with the Clavien-Dindo scale.

Study title	NCT ID	Conditions	Interventions	Eligibility	Organization	Link
Evaluation of NSCLC Patients' Oxygen Uptake On-kinetics at Cycle-ergometer During Prehabilitation	NCT04041297	Non Small Cell ...	Preoperative Pu...	18 Years -	ADIR Association
Effect of Two Different Preoperative Training Densities in Patients With Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Before Lung Resection Surgery	NCT03936764	Non-Small Cell ...	Preoperative Pu...	18 Years -	ADIR Association

Spots Global Cancer Trial Database for preoperative pulmonary rehabilitation