Heart and Blood Diseases

All Conditions

Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases

Symptoms and General Pathology

Heart Diseases

Obesity

Four environmental messages from the Meatless Monday campaign.

Four health messages from the Meatless Monday campaign.

Four neutral messages about checking one's credit score.

Participants will be randomized to view a set of four messages about the environmental harms of meat production from the Meatless Monday campaign.

Environmental message

Participants will be randomized to view a set of four messages about the health harms of meat consumption from the Meatless Monday campaign.

Health message

Participants will be randomized to view a set of four messages about checking their credit score.

Neutral Message

Hannah Rayala

Lindsey Smith Taillie, PhD

Purpose: To evaluate reactions to and opinions of a messaging campaign.

Participants: Participants will be recruited through Prime Panels and will be US-based adults (18 years old and older) who consumed red meat in the past 30 days.

Procedures (methods): After completing a screening question about meat consumption, participants will review a consent form. If they select to participate in the study, participants will be randomly assigned to view control messages, red meat-related environment messages, or red meat-related health messages. They will be asked a series of questions about these messages.

Participants will also be asked about grocery shopping preferences and standard demographics questions.

Excess consumption of red and processed meat is a growing problem, especially in the United States where meat is consumed more than three times the global average. Epidemiological evidence for the association between excess meat intake and negative health outcomes (such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes) as well as negative environmental impacts (such as pollution, overuse of resources, and carbon emissions) indicates that reducing meat consumption should be particularly pertinent to researchers and other public health professionals.

The potential of using widespread communication campaigns, such as Meatless Monday, to reduce meat consumption by educating individuals on the associated health and environmental risks appears to be promising. However, the current literature is missing information regarding what types of messages are most effective (e.g. negative environmental messages vs. negative health messages). To address this knowledge gap, our study will collect quantitative data in measurable outcomes to understand effectiveness and comprehension of environmental messages and health messages to reduce meat consumption.

Setting: This is an online study using Qualtrics, so this research does not involve talking to human participants.

Recruitment: Participants will be recruited through Prime Panels, a survey research firm through which participants voluntarily sign up to participate in research studies.

Informed Consent: Participants will read a written consent document that includes information about the study's purpose, expectations, and possible risks and benefits. Participants will acknowledge that they have read and agreed to the terms by clicking forward.

Randomization: Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: 1) control (about checking their credit score), 2) environment-focused Meatless Monday messages, or 3) health-focused Meatless Monday messages.

Assessment: Using an online platform (Qualtrics), participants will answer a screening question about red meat consumption. If they are eligible (consumption of red meat 1 time per week or more), they will proceed to the main study after reading and agreeing to the written consent form. Participants will then answer two questions about their belief in climate change. Participants will then view four messages in their ascribed conditions. After viewing all 4 messages, participants will answer a series of questions about the messages they viewed. Then, participants will answer a series of demographic questions. Participants will also answer questions about grocery shopping preferences.

Detailed description of the trial arms: This study is a three-armed between subjects' design. Participants will be randomized to view a set of four messages either about the environmental harms of meat production (intervention), the health harms of meat consumption (intervention), or about checking their credit score (control). The environmental and health harms messages were obtained from existing publicly available messages from the Meatless Monday campaign.

Evaluating a Messaging Campaign in the United States

Perceived effectiveness of the messages will be measured during the message using 4 items adapted from Baig et al. (2018): concern, unpleasantness, and discouragement. The averaged responses on the 4 items will be used to create a PME score. All 4 items are measured using a a 1 to 5 likert scale, with higher scores representing a higher amount of the construct.

Questions: How much do these messages...

* make you concerned about the health effects of eating red meat?
* make you concerned about the environmental effects of eating red meat?
* discourage you from wanting to eat red meat?
* make eating red meat seem unpleasant to you?

  1. Not at all, 2=Very little, 3=Somewhat, 4=Quite a bit, 5=A great deal).

How much the message grabs one's attention. Measured using a a 1 to 5 likert scale, with higher scores representing a higher amount of the construct.

How much the messages make one feel scared. Measured using a a 1 to 5 likert scale, with higher scores representing a higher amount of the construct.

How much the messages make one think about the environmental/health harms caused by eating meat. Measured using a a 1 to 5 likert scale, with higher scores representing a higher amount of the construct.

How much one is likely to talk about the message with others in the next week. Measured using a 1 to 5 likert scale, with higher scores representing a higher amount of the construct.

How much one intends to reduce red meat consumption in the next 30 days. Measured using a a 1 to 5 likert scale, with higher scores representing a higher amount of the construct.

Wellcome Trust

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Neoplasms

Digestive System Diseases

Carcinogenesis

Colorectal Neoplasms

Intestinal Neoplasms

Gastrointestinal Neoplasms

Digestive System Neoplasms

Gastrointestinal Diseases

Colonic Diseases

Intestinal Diseases

Rectal Diseases

Neoplastic Processes

All Drugs and Chemicals

Micronutrients

Bone Density Conservation Agents

Vitamins

Herbal and Botanical

Calcium

Tocopherols

Vitamin E

Tocotrienols

alpha-Tocopherol

Calcium, Dietary

Trace Elements

Hormones

Antioxidants

Protective Agents

Tocopherol

Tocotrienol

Cola

Ham : 160g/d during 4 days calcium : 1000mg/d during 4 days

Ham + calcium

Ham : 160g/d during 4 days Vitamin E : 80 mg/d during 4 days

Ham + vitamin E

Noël Cano, MD, PhD

Fabrice Pierre, PhD

Colorectal cancer kills forty five people in France every day. Epidemiological studies suggest that two cases out of three could be prevented and show that processed meat intake is a consistent risk factor. The aim of this study is to understand how meat promotes cancer, to find protective strategies, and to make compelling dietary recommendations.

18 healthy volunteers will be randomized and will start the study. The study will last 4 weeks for each subject. The first week will be a week of adaptation (or run-in period) to the diet which they will have to follow for the duration of study. During this period, they will collect 2 samples of stools and urine. Then subjects will alternate 4 days of diet either with ham, or with ham and calcium, or with ham enriched with vitamin E. At least, 3 days will separate every period (wash-out) of nutritional intervention. Urines and stools will be collected last 3 days of every interventional period and also last day of every wash out period.

Study title	NCT ID	Conditions	Interventions	Eligibility	Organization
Evaluating a Messaging Campaign in the United States	NCT04562636	Obesity Heart Diseases Cancer	Environmental m... Health message Neutral Message	18 Years -	University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Processed Meat and Colon Carcinogenesis	NCT00994526	Colorectal Canc...	Ham Ham + calcium Ham + vitamin E	40 Years - 75 Years	Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement
Processed Meat and Colon Carcinogenesis	NCT00994526	Colorectal Canc...	Ham Ham + calcium Ham + vitamin E	40 Years - 75 Years	Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement
Evaluating a Messaging Campaign in the United States	NCT04562636	Obesity Heart Diseases Cancer	Environmental m... Health message Neutral Message	18 Years -	University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Spots Global Cancer Trial Database for processed meat