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Patients 18 years old or younger with marrow aplasia or single lineage cytopenias will be receive intravenous busulfan (4 doses x 2 days), cyclophosphamide (4 doses x 4 days) and fludarabine (4 doses x 4 days), as used in our most current study that led to \> 90% survival rates . Busulfan pharmacokinetics will not be used. All patients will receive rabbit ATG (4 doses x 4 days) prior to and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) after transplant to promote engraftment. Cyclosporine will not be used for GVHD prophylaxis. The source of the stem cells for all patients will be peripheral blood stem cells mobilized by treatment of the donor with G-CSF. T-cell depletion will be performed by positive CD34 selection with the use of the Miltenyi system (CliniMACS device). Enrollment on this arm will include up to 50 patients.

Patients 18 years old or younger with MDS or AML will receive intravenous busulfan (4 doses x 2 days), cyclophosphamide (4 doses x 4 days) and fludarabine (4 doses x 4 days). Busulfan pharmacokinetics will be used in this arm, as the dose of busulfan is higher. All patients will receive rabbit ATG (thymoglobulin) (4 doses x 4 days) prior to and G-CSF post transplant to promote engraftment. Cyclosporine will not be used for prophylaxis against GVHD. The source of the stem cells for all patients will be peripheral blood stem cells induced and mobilized by treatment of the donor. T-cell will be performed by positive CD34 selection with the use of the Miltenyi system (CliniMACS device).

The maximum number of patients enrolled in this arm will be 10.

Patients 19 years old or older with marrow aplasia or MDS or AML will receive intravenous busulfan (4 doses x 2 days), cyclophosphamide (4 doses x 4 days) and fludarabine (4 doses x 4 days). In this study, we will test whether outcomes can be improved, yet engraftment maintained, with a slightly reduced dose of busulfan. Patients will receive rabbit ATG (4 doses x 4 days) prior to and G-CSF post transplant to promote engraftment. Cyclosporine will not be used for GVHD prophylaxis. The source of the stem cells will be peripheral blood stem cells collected from donors treated with G-CSF. T-cell depletion will be performed by positive CD34 selection with the use of the Miltenyi system (CliniMACS device). The maximum number of patients enrolled will be 10.

A standard dose of busulfan, associated with excellent outcomes in our previous trial will be used for young patients with marrow aplasia (arm A).

A higher dose of busulfan will be used in younger patients with MDS and AML (arm B) to maximize disease control.

A lower dose of busulfan will be used in older patients (arm C) to minimize toxicity.

Arms A, B and C - Cytoxan will be given as a 1-2 hour infusion for 4 days. The dose will be adjusted according to patients ideal body weight for obese patients.

Arms A, B and C - Fludarabine will be given IV over 30 minutes daily for 4 days. The dose will be adjusted according to renal function according to Institutional guidelines.

Arms A, B and C - 4 doses will be given prior to transplant to promote engraftment.

rabbit ATG

All patients will also receive G-CSF post-transplant to foster engraftment.

G-CSF

The source of stem cells for all patients will be peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) induced and mobilized by treatment of the donor with G-CSF for 4-6 days. T-cell depletion will be uniformly performed by positive CD34 selection with the use of the Miltenyi system (CliniMACS device).

Peripheral blood stem cell

Jamie Wilhelm

Sara Loveless, RN

Parinda Mehta, MD

Sheri Ballard

K. Scott Baker, MD

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the use of lower doses of busulfan and the elimination of cyclosporine will further reduce transplant-related side effects for patients with Fanconi Anemia (FA). Patients will undergo a transplant utilizing mis-matched related or matched unrelated donors following a preparative regimen of busulfan, fludarabine, anti-thymocyte globulin and cyclophosphamide.

The trial proposed is a three arm phase II treatment protocol designed to investigate the safety and efficacy of risk-adjusted chemotherapy-based cytoreductive regimen plus a CD34+ selected T-cell depleted peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) stem cell transplant for the treatment of patients with Fanconi anemia and severe hematologic disease. Candidates for this trial will include patients with Fanconi anemia presenting with severe marrow failure (transfusion dependent) or myelodysplastic syndrome, or acute myelogenous leukemia for whom an allogeneic stem cell transplant is indicated.

HSCT for Patients With Fanconi Anemia Using Risk-Adjusted Chemotherapy

A Phase II Trial of HSCT for the Treatment of Patients With Fanconi Anemia Lacking a Genotypically Identical Donor, Using a Risk-Adjusted Chemotherapy Only Cytoreduction With Busulfan, Cyclophosphamide and Fludarabine

Patients will be observed for acute and/or chronic graft versus host disease (GvHD). Standard clinical criteria for the grading of acute and chronic GvHD will be done according to IBMTR guidelines.

For patients with MDS or AML, relapse will be analyzed as to type and genetic origin of the MDS/leukemic cells.

Patients will be followed for 5 years through annual contact with their treatment center in order to track the risk of developing a secondary malignancy.

Primary non-engraftment is diagnosed when the patient fails to achieve an ANC \>=500/mm3 at any time in the first 28 days post-transplant. If (1) after achievement of an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \>=500/mm3, the ANC declines to \<500/mm3 for more than 3 consecutive days in the absence of relapse, or, (2) there is absence of donor cells in the marrow and/or blood as demonstrated by chimerism assay in the absence of relapse, a diagnosis of secondary graft failure is made. The patient is not evaluable for graft failure or rejection if recurrence of host MDS is detected concurrently.

The occurrence of severe post-transplant regimen-related severe morbidity (grade IV toxicity) and/or mortality will be the second endpoint of this study. In the context of the agents or agent-combination used for cytoreduction used, particular attention will be given to toxicity involving (1) the liver, (2) the lungs, (3) the oral mucosa and gastrointestinal tract, and (4) the central nervous system.

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center

Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati

Study title	NCT ID	Conditions	Interventions	Eligibility	Organization	Link
HSCT for Patients With Fanconi Anemia Using Risk-Adjusted Chemotherapy	NCT02143830	Fanconi Anemia Severe Marrow F... Myelodysplastic... Acute Myelogeno...	Busulfan Cyclophosphamid... Fludarabine rabbit ATG G-CSF Peripheral bloo...	3 Months -	Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati
HSCT for Patients With Fanconi Anemia Using Risk-Adjusted Chemotherapy	NCT02143830	Fanconi Anemia Severe Marrow F... Myelodysplastic... Acute Myelogeno...	Busulfan Cyclophosphamid... Fludarabine rabbit ATG G-CSF Peripheral bloo...	3 Months -	Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati

Spots Global Cancer Trial Database for severe marrow failure