Substance Related Disorders

Behaviors and Mental Disorders

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Substance-Related Disorders

Tobacco Use Disorder

Chemically-Induced Disorders

Mental Disorders

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All Drugs and Chemicals

Central Nervous System Stimulants

Hormones

Estrogens

Nicotine

Progesterone

Nicotinic Agonists

Cholinergic Agents

Neurotransmitter Agents

Participants will start their quit attempts during the mid-follicular phase of their MC (6-8 days post-onset of menses). Each participant will be provided with a range of appropriate dates based on the information about their menstrual cycle, and they will select a target quit date from the range. Participants will be receiving NRT and will have access to behavioral support for the following 6 weeks.

Participants will start their quit attempts during the mid-luteal phase of their MC (6-8 days pre-onset of menses). Each participant will be provided with a range of appropriate dates based on the information about their menstrual cycle, and they will select a target quit date from the range. Participants will be receiving NRT and will have access to behavioral support for the following 6 weeks.

Participants will start their quit attempts within 30 days of their enrollment into the study. They will select their target quit dates without regard for their MC. Participants will be receiving NRT and will have access to behavioral support for the following 6 weeks.

Nicotine replacement therapy and abstinence from smoking are initiated at a specific period with regard to the menstrual cycle.

Timing of nicotine replacement therapy start date

Nicotine patch and a choice of nicotine gum or lozenge (2 mg) for 6 weeks. Participants who smoke 10 or more cigarettes per day receive a package of 21 mg, 14 mg, and 7 mg nicotine patches. For participants who smoke 5-9 (inclusive) cigarettes per day, the package contains 14 mg and 7 mg nicotine patches.

Nicotine Replacement Therapy Agent

Laurie A Zawertailo, PhD

Tina Kabir, BMSc

Laurie Zawertailo

Laurie Zawertailo, PhD

Tobacco use is a risk factor for at least 20 types of cancer and remains the leading preventable cause of cancer in Canada. Smoking cessation is an important cancer prevention strategy for the close to 2 million Canadian women who currently smoke. However, findings from controlled trials and real-world clinical settings indicate that women have greater difficulty achieving abstinence following a quit attempt than men. There is some evidence that hormonal levels and fluctuations throughout the menstrual cycle (MC) may contribute to the greater difficulty women experience when trying to quit smoking. In this study, the start of a quit attempt using nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) will be targeted to specific phases of MC. It was hypothesized that starting a quit attempt during the first half of MC (follicular phase) will result in increased quit success compared to starting during the second half of MC (luteal phase) or the usual practice of not targeting quit start date to MC phase.

Evidence for the influence of the menstrual cycle (MC) phase on smoking cessation outcomes is contradictory and has been limited by small samples and a lack of clarity surrounding ideal quit date timing. Therefore, this large rigorously designed study aims to clarify whether targeting quit date to either the follicular or luteal phase of MC improves quit success. The primary hypothesis states that participants assigned a TQD in the follicular phase of their MC will be more likely to have quit successfully on day 7 of treatment than participants setting their own TQD (usual care). Quit rates at the end of treatment and 6 months post-TQD were identified as secondary objectives.

Participants will enroll in an online smoking cessation program providing nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and behavioral support. Participants will receive a 6-week supply of NRT consisting of nicotine patch plus their choice of nicotine gum or lozenge, which the participants will be instructed to start on their target quit date (TQD). Eligible individuals will be randomized to a TQD: \[1\] during the mid-luteal phase of their MC (6-8 days pre-onset of menses), \[2\] during the mid-follicular phase of their MC (6-8 days post-onset of menses), or \[3\] within 30 days of enrollment with no regard to MC phase (usual care). Behavioural support will consist of a free downloadable app (My Change Plan) and brief videos delivered via e-mail. These videos will be produced by the CAMH Nicotine Dependence Service and will focus on health behavior change strategies such as building a quit plan, coping with cravings, and relapse prevention.

Smoking Cessation and Menstrual Cycle Phase

Coordinating Smoking Cessation Treatment With Menstrual Cycle Phase to Improve Quit Outcomes: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Proportion of the sample that has been abstinent from smoking for 7 days at the time of assessment (i.e., managed to quit smoking on their target quit date).

Proportion of the sample that has been abstinent from smoking for at least 7 days at the time of assessment.

Spots Global Cancer Trial Database for substance use disorders