Neoplasms

Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases

All Conditions

Symptoms and General Pathology

Breast Neoplasms

Disease Susceptibility

Breast Diseases

Skin Diseases

Disease Attributes

All Drugs and Chemicals

Estrogens

Giuseppe Giaccone, M.D.

This study will explore whether different forms, or variants, of genes are related to a person s risk of developing breast cancer. The genes that are looked at have no clinical significance today, and thus will not impact your personal healthcare at this time. However, these results may help researchers better understand why some people develop breast cancer and others do not. The study will try to determine:

if people with breast cancer have different gene variants from people without the disease;

if these genetic differences influence a person s susceptibility to breast cancer when they are exposed to certain environmental substances, such as nicotine and estrogen; and

if breast cancer that occurs in families is related to a grouping of these variants.

The study will also look for certain proteins, cells, or other substances in fluid aspirated (by the use of gentle suction; no needles) from the nipple that might represent a pattern, or "fingerprint," indicating increased risk for breast cancer.

Study participants will complete questionnaires on cancer risk factors, diet, and family history. A small blood sample (3 tablespoons) will be drawn for study of genetic differences between people with breast cancer and people who are cancer-free. Nipple aspirations, a noninvasive method to obtain fluid from a women s breast, will be attempted 4 to 6 times, over a 4 6 week period. For this procedure, the subject places a warm moist towel over the breasts for about 20 minutes. The breasts are then cleansed with a rubbing alcohol pad. The subject compresses the breast with both hands and a small plastic cup is inverted over the breast. Suction is applied to a small syringe (no needles) attached to the cup for about 15 seconds. The procedure may be repeated up to 5 times on each breast. Any drops of fluid obtained from the nipple will be collected in a glass tube.

...

Cancer risk, even among those with similar environmental exposures is not uniformly distributed. Although we have been able to identify genetic factors whose variants appear to significantly alter an individual's risk of developing breast cancer (BRCA1 and BRCA2), these genes are likely involved with less than 10% of breast cancer cases. Perhaps more applicable to the general population are genes which, while not directly involved with the oncogenic process, may have variants (polymorphisms) which act indirectly by increasing the risk of an oncogenic change within a cell.

It is the goal of this proposal to look at genes, environment, clinical co-factors, and, if possible, any interactions in breast cancer. The ultimate objective of these studies is to establish an effective way of identifying individuals at greatest risk for cancer. We will evaluate the risk of breast cancer associated with polymorphisms in genes involved in estrogen metabolism and action. We will also evaluate the association of breast density and polymorphisms in genes associated with estrogen metabolism and action. In addition, we will also evaluate nipple aspirate fluid and breast duct lavage fluid as another potential source of promising biomarkers of risk.

Susceptibility to Breast Cancer

National Cancer Institute (NCI)

Urinary Tract, Sexual Organs, and Pregnancy Conditions

Rare Diseases

Prostatic Neoplasms

Genital Neoplasms, Male

Urogenital Neoplasms

Genital Diseases

Genital Diseases, Male

Urogenital Diseases

Prostatic Diseases

Male Urogenital Diseases

Familial Prostate Cancer

Men with a histological confirmed prostate cancer, and their family members in case of hereditary prostate cancer.

Men with no prostate cancer after a screening procedure for this disease, so that their biological samples can be compared to those of men with prostate cancer.

Olivier Cussenot, MD, PhD

Geraldine Cancel-Tassin, PhD

Abdel-Rahmene Azzouzi, MD, PhD

Georges Fournier, MD

Antoine Valéri, MD, PhD

Luc Cormier, MD, PhD

Marc-Olivier Bitker, MD

Morgan Roupret, MD, PhD

Olivier Cussenot, MD, Ph.D.

The aims of the study are:

* to identify genetic and molecular factors (rare mutations, polymorphisms) involved in the natural history of prostate cancers and their response to treatment,
* to evaluate and deduce their medical applications for screening and therapeutic management of these tumors.

The impact of genetic factors on the natural history of prostate cancer (PC) is shown schematically at two levels:

1. first, at the constitutional level with germline alterations. Family history is found in 20% of PC patients. Different clinical entities associated with different modes of inheritance, susceptibility mutations or polymorphisms, define different evolutionary patterns. Also, studies suggested that some genetic polymorphisms alter the response to some treatments (such as recurrence after prostatectomy or radiotherapy) or adverse effects of those above (such as toxicity of radiation therapy).
2. secondly, PC is characterized by the accumulation of genetic alterations (somatic alterations or acquired mutations). These changes contribute in varying degrees to the aggressiveness of the disease (such as early metastatic potential) and treatment failure (such as resistance to radiation or hormone resistance).

The purpose of this study is to establish a register, with a follow up of cohort type and a collection of biological samples:

* For men with known prostate cancer.
* For men with no prostate cancer after a screening procedure for this disease, so that their biological samples can be compared to those of men with prostate cancer.

The registry data and collected biological samples are used to identify genetic and molecular factors involved in susceptibility, genesis and evolution of prostate cancers.

Study title	NCT ID	Conditions	Eligibility	Organization
Susceptibility to Breast Cancer	NCT00004565	Breast Cancer Healthy	-	National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC)
Susceptibility to Breast Cancer	NCT00004565	Breast Cancer Healthy	-	National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC)
Epidemiologic and Genetic Study on Familial Prostate Cancer	NCT01221168	Prostate Cancer	18 Years -	Centre de Recherche sur les Pathologies Prostatiques

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