Symptoms and General Pathology

All Conditions

Gland and Hormone Related Diseases

Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases

Nervous System Diseases

Heart and Blood Diseases

Wounds and Injuries

Rare Diseases

Infarction

Thyroid Diseases

Diabetes Mellitus

Stroke

Fractures, Bone

Constriction, Pathologic

Aortic Valve Stenosis

Death

Ischemia

Necrosis

Aortic Valve Disease

Heart Valve Diseases

Heart Diseases

Ventricular Outflow Obstruction

All Drugs and Chemicals

Bone Density Conservation Agents

Micronutrients

Vitamins

Androgens

Hormones

Vitamin D

Cholecalciferol

Vitamin D3

Calciferol

subjects with myocardial infarction in the Tromsø study end point registry

subjects with type 2 diabetes in the Tromsø study end point registry

subjects with stroke in the Tromsø study end point registry

subjects with fracture in the Tromsø study end point registry

subjects with cancer in the Tromsø study end point registry

subjects registered as dead in the Tromsø study end point registry

subjects with aortic stenosis in the Tromsø study end point registry

randomly selected controls from the Tromsø study

Rolf Jorde, Professor

Polymorphisms in the vitamin D system appear to affect the serum 25(OH)D levels. If so one would expect these polymorphisms to be associated with vitamin D related conditions and diseases, which will be tested in the present study including DNA analyses in 9700 subjects

Vitamin D, which is essential in calcium metabolism, is produced in the skin after sun exposure or obtained from food, mainly fatty fish or vitamin D supplements. For activation vitamin D must be hydroxylated in the liver to 25(OH)D and thereafter in the kidney to 1,25(OH)2D. In the circulation 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D are bound to a carrier protein (DBP), and for 1,25(OH)2D to exert its effect it has to bind to the vitamin D receptor (VDR).

The serum level of 25(OH)D, which is the metabolite used to evaluate a person's vitamin D status, is in part genetically determined and several polymorphisms with effects on serum 25(OH)D have been identified. These polymorphisms, where the minor allele frequencies vary between 16 and 40 %, appear as important for the serum 25(OH)D level as the effect of season, physical activity or vitamin D supplementation.

Vitamin D is not only vital for the skeleton, but appears to be related to a number of health outcomes, including mortality as previously demonstrated in the Tromsø study. However, as the serum level of 25(OH)D is strongly influenced by life-style factors that are also related to health outcomes, it is difficult to decide whether the relation between vitamin D and health is causal or not.

On the other hand, the polymorphisms are not influenced by life-style, and the effect of the polymorphisms will be life-long. Accordingly, they may be a better marker of vitamin D status than a single serum 25(OH)D measurement. Furthermore, there are a number of polymorphisms regarding the vitamin D receptor (VDR) that may be associated with health.

In the present study we will therefore relate the polymorphisms affecting the serum 25(OH)D level and the function of the VDR, with anthropometric and biochemical measures, mortality, diseases and risk factors for disease. DNA will be obtained from the 4th Tromsø study.

If we find the expected associations between the polymorphisms and diseases, this will further strengthen the role of vitamin D in human health, and may be important for recommendations regarding vitamin D supplementation. Considering the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency world wide, this may potentially have huge consequences for public health.

The main purpose of the present study is the vitamin D system, but in the Tromsø study we have previously also found a number of associations between thyroid and androgen function and health. Obtaining DNA for analysis will be the major cost in the project, whereas analyses of individual polymorphisms are relatively cheap. We will therefore also include polymorphisms regarding thyroid and androgen function.

Polymorphisms in the Vitamin D System and Health

University of Tromso

Professor

Neoplasms

Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases

Breast Neoplasms

Breast Diseases

Skin Diseases

Hypoglycemic Agents

Herbal and Botanical

Insulin

Insulin, Globin Zinc

Estrogens

Mitogens

Phytoestrogens

Soy Bean

Arm 1 5 g/d Seaweed for 6 wk, then 5 g/d Seaweed and Soy Protein for 1 wk

Arm 2 5 g/d Placebo for 6 wk, then 5 g/d Placebo and Soy Protein for 1 wk

5 g/d Seaweed for 6 wks, followed by 5 g/d Seaweed + Soy Protein for 1 wk

Seaweed and Soy Protein

5 g/d Placebo for 6 wks, followed by 5 g/d Placebo + Soy Protein for 1 wk

Placebo and Soy Protein

Jane Teas, Ph.D.

Japanese postmenopausal women in Japan have about one ninth the rate of American postmenopausal women. Rates of breast cancer double even after just ten years among Japanese women who migrate to the US. Diet is thought to be an important factor, and the investigators were interested in whether dietary seaweed, with and without soy supplements, could influence known biomarkers of breast cancer risk in American women.

33 healthy postmenopausal women were randomized to 6 wk seaweed then 1 wk seaweed plus soy or 6 wk placebo then 1 wk placebo plus soy. Blood and urine samples were collected at the end of each treatment period and analyzed for estrogen, homocysteine, antioxidants, insulin-like growth factors and thyroid hormones. Urine was analyzed for phytoestrogens and iodine.

Brown Seaweed as a Breast Cancer Preventive

6 wk seaweed followed by 1 wk seaweed plus soy; Or 6 wk placebo followed by 1 wk soy 3 wk washout period then crossover to alternate arm

6 wk seaweed then 1 wk seaweed plus soy; OR 6 wk placebo then 1 wk soy 3 wk washout period, then crossover to alternate arm

6 wks seaweed followed by 1 wk seaweed plus soy OR 6 wk placebo followed by 1 wk soy 3 wk washout period, then crossover to alternate arm

6 wk seaweed then 1 wk seaweed plus soy OR 6 wk placebo then 1 wk soy plus placebo 3 wk washout then crossover to alternate arm

Study title	NCT ID	Conditions	Interventions	Eligibility	Organization
Polymorphisms in the Vitamin D System and Health	NCT01395303	Infarction Stroke Diabetes Fracture Aortic Stenosis Cancer Death		30 Years - 90 Years	University of Tromso
Brown Seaweed as a Breast Cancer Preventive	NCT01204957	Breast Cancer	Seaweed and Soy... Placebo and Soy...	18 Years - 80 Years	University of South Carolina
Polymorphisms in the Vitamin D System and Health	NCT01395303	Infarction Stroke Diabetes Fracture Aortic Stenosis Cancer Death		30 Years - 90 Years	University of Tromso

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