Mouth and Tooth Diseases

All Conditions

Infections

Digestive System Diseases

Neoplasms

Rare Diseases

Periodontitis

Gingivitis

Stomatitis

Xerostomia

Mucositis

Mouth Neoplasms

Mouth Diseases

Stomatognathic Diseases

Oral Cancer

Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer

Imaging of oral structures and pathologies

detection of oral pathology

Nicole Wakida, PhD

Petra Wilder-Smith, DDS, PhD

Overall objective of this work is to develop better ways of detecting, diagnosing and measuring oral diseases and structures using light and optical approaches. All different areas of the mouth will be imaged, including healthy, diseased, dysplastic and malignant, as well as oral biofilm, and the imaging data compared against conventional diagnostic approaches such clinical and histopathological and molecular evaluations to (1) gain a better understanding of processes involved in oral pathology and (2) develop a combined patient specific, non-invasive method for the detection, diagnosis and screening of oral pathology and biofilm. Thus our goal is to identify and evaluate microstructural, metabolic, vascular, protein, genomic and metabolomics biomarkers of oral pathology can be used to detect, predict and map oral pathology, especially neoplasia.

We are recruiting patients with a wide range of oral conditions including plaque, dry mouth, toothache, root canal treatments, gum disease, oral sores, dysplasia and cancer, autoimmune conditions and others as well as healthy control subjects. We will use a range of non-invasive imaging modalities to obtain information on the ways in which the oral health status affects optical properties, and determine means of detecting and quantifying these factors.. Imaging modalities to be utilized include:

1. Coherence and Doppler Tomography
2. Laser Speckle Imaging
3. Various forms of Spectroscopy
4. Fluorescence

Purpose of the research is to identify optical predictors and biomarkers of health and disease.

Hypothesis: microstructural, metabolic, vascular, protein, genomic and metabolomics biomarkers of oral pathology can be used to detect, predict and map oral pathology, especially neoplasia.

Researchers of the Beckman Laser Institute (BLI) have developed many non-invasive imaging modalities for assessment of oral tissue. This protocol will allow data acquisition with these multiple modalities to allow validation of data. Imaging modalities to be utilized include:

1. Coherence and Doppler Tomography (OCT)
2. Laser Speckle Imaging (LSI)
3. Photon Migration Spectroscopy (PMS)
4. Autofluorescence Imaging

In addition, saliva samples from the patients will be analyzed and the resulting data regarding the dysregulation in the activities of genes, proteins and other molecules will be correlated with findings from different imaging systems with respect to the stage of oral carcinogenesis.

No masking other than an anonymization of data.

Optical Sensor for Photodynamic Detection of Oral Pathology

Develop a non-invasive tool for the detection, diagnosis and screening of oral pathology and understanding of processes involved in oral pathology

National Institutes of Health (NIH)

National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)

National Cancer Institute (NCI)

National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)

Livionex Inc.

Orahealth

University of California, Irvine

Professor of Surgery and Director of Dentistry

Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases

Symptoms and General Pathology

Breast Neoplasms

Breast Diseases

Skin Diseases

Communicable Diseases

Gingival Diseases

Periodontal Diseases

The division was made into 2 groups: Patients with breast cancer and gingivitis (BC/G) (n=20); and control patients with gingivitis only (G) (n=20).

Clinical periodontal examinations were carried out by a single trained and calibrated examiner. Clinical periodontal, hematological and salivary flow parameters were assessed at baseline, 6 weeks, 12 and 24 weeks.

All patients received oral hygiene instructions (interproximal cleaning with floss and interdental brushes, brushing instructions on the Bass technique). The patients were also encouraged to brush the back of the tongue once a day. Subsequently, all patients underwent supragingival scaling, prophylaxis, and polishing. Supragingival scaling was performed using manual instruments (Gracey curettes) and an ultrasonic device.

Basic Periodontal Therapy

Objective: To evaluate the impact of chemotherapy on periodontal conditions, hematology, and salivary flow in patients with breast cancer and gingivitis, after basic periodontal therapy (BPT).

Methods: They were divided into patients with breast cancer and gingivitis (BC/G =20); and patients without cancer with gingivitis (G=20). Clinical parameters \[Plaque Index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), Probing Depth (PS), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL)\], hematological parameters (complete blood count), and salivary flow were evaluated at baseline, 6, 12 and 24 weeks.

Assessment of Periodontal Therapy and Biofilm Management in Breast Cancer

Integrating Periodontal Therapy and Biofilm Management Into Breast Cancer Patients' Care: Periodontal, Hematological and Salivary Parameters Assessment Before and During Chemotherapy

The plaque index (PI) was determined by analyzing the presence or absence of biofilm on the gingival margin, expressed as a percentage of surfaces with biofilm Bleeding on probing (BOP) was determined by detecting the presence or absence of bleeding, expressed as the percentage of bleeding surfaces.

The probing depth (PD/mm) was expressed in millimeters, measured from the gingival margin to the bottom of the gingival sulcus.

The clinical attachment level (CAL/mm) was expressed in millimeters, measured from the cementoenamel junction to the most apical portion of the gingival sulcus.

Both BOP, PD, CAL were evaluated at six locations per tooth, i.e., three on the buccal surface and three on the lingual or palatal surface.

Periodontal parameters (BOP, PD, CAL and PI ) are evaluated together or combined to perform periodontal diagnosis

The salivary flow rate was expressed in milliliters per minute (mL/min). Periodontal parameters and salivary flow will be combined to assess oral health.

Daniela Bazan Palioto

University of Sao Paulo

Principal Investigator

Immune System Diseases

Urinary Tract, Sexual Organs, and Pregnancy Conditions

Gland and Hormone Related Diseases

Syndrome

Hypersensitivity

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Cysts

Ovarian Cysts

Ovarian Diseases

Adnexal Diseases

Genital Diseases, Female

Genital Diseases

Urogenital Diseases

Female Urogenital Diseases

Pregnancy Complications

Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications

Gonadal Disorders

Endocrine System Diseases

Oculocerebral Syndrome With Hypopigmentation

All Drugs and Chemicals

Reproductive Control Agents

Antineoplastic Agents

Estradiol

Ethinyl Estradiol

Estradiol 17 beta-cypionate

Estradiol 3-benzoate

Polyestradiol phosphate

Cyproterone Acetate

Cyproterone

Cyproterone acetate, ethinyl estradiol drug combination

Estrogens

Hormones

Hormone Antagonists

Contraceptive Agents

Contraceptive Agents, Hormonal

Contraceptive Agents, Female

Contraceptives, Oral

Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal

Androgens

Androgen Antagonists

Contraceptive Agents, Male

FEMALE PATIENTS WITH PCOS ON CPA/EE DRUG REGIMEN FOR ATLEAST 6 MONTHS.

FEMALE PATIENTS WITH PCOS( NEWLY DIAGNOSED) ,NOT ON ANY MEDICATION,

FEMALE PATIENTS WITH PCOS ON CPA/EE DRUG REGIMEN FOR ATLEAST 6 MONTHS

Cyproterone Acetate, Ethinyl Estradiol Drug Combination

FEMALE PATIENTS WITH PCOS

Control group

SHIKHA TEWARI, MDS

TEWARI

RIDHIMA SINGHAL

PCOS is a widely reported condition among young female population and anti-androgen agents are increasingly being used as part of the medical management of such cases. However, Clinical studies have reported higher prevalence of gingival inflammation, loss of attachment and gingival enlargement in women taking hormone based oral contraceptives. Additionally, CPA has been reported to have an osteoclastic action. Therefore, it is necessary to explore whether these medications affect the periodontal condition of PCOS patients, who already are pre-disposed to systemic inflammation. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the periodontal status of female patients diagnosed with Polycystic Ovary syndrome on Cyproterone acetate/ethinyl estradiol combination regimen.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine, reproductive and metabolic condition, affecting women of reproductive age globally with a worldwide prevalence ranging from 5-15%.It is characterised by elevation of multiple markers of inflammation such as C-reactive protein (CRP), proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, white blood cell count as well as increased oxidative stress.

It has been hypothesised that PCOS might exacerbate the periodontal condition that is caused by dental plaque, through various pathophysiological links, namely, low-grade systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance (IR), advanced glycation end products (AGE), and systemic hormonal levels. Evidence has suggested that periodontal disease causes chronic subclinical inflammation leading to Insulin resistance, initiating the development of type 2 diabetes, which in turn is a prominent feature in PCOS. Hence, a two-way relationship between PCOS and periodontal disease is currently being explored There exists a pathological imbalance of Luteinizing Hormone(LH) and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) in women with PCOS which explains the rationale for treatment with combined hormonal treatment.11 These treatments include combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and anti androgen tharapy (ADT) in the form of antiandrogenic progestogen/ ethinylestradiol (EE) combinations.

Receptors for estrogen have been demonstrated in the gingiva and periodontal connective tissue cells While the effects of different contraceptive combinations and/or oral hypoglycemics on the periodontal condition of female patients diagnosed with PCOS has been explored, the specific drug combination of CPA/EE has not been studied in detail as yet.

The present study aims to evaluate the periodontal status of female patients diagnosed with PCOS on CPA/EE combination regimen.

MATERIALS AND METHODS- The present cross-sectional study will be conducted in the Department of periodontology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak in collaboration with Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak over a period of 12-14 months in Female patients diagnosed with PCOS.It will include 150 individuals, who will be comprised into 3 groups and the individuals in each group will be recruited as Test group 1- Female patients diagnosed with PCOS ON CPA/EE DRUG REGIMEN FOR ATLEAST 6 MONTHS.

Test group 2- Female patients diagnosed with PCOS( NEWLY DIAGNOSED) ,NOT ON ANY MEDICATION, Control group -SYSTEMICALLY HEALTHY FEMALES

The primary outcome measures include bleeding on probing (BOP),Probing pocket depth(PPD),Clinical attachment level(CAL),Serum High Sensitivity C- reactive Proteins (hsCRP).SECONDARY MEASURES include Plaque index, Gingival index,Gingival phenotype,Gingival recession,Demographic parameters ( Education status, Socio-economic status),Anthropometric parameters (Waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, Body mass index) ,Quality of life ( via PCOS Questionnaire, Oral health related Questionnaire).

DATA MANAGEMENT AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS - Data recorded will be processed by standard statistical analysis.The normality of distribution of data will be examined by Shapiro Wilk test. Statistical analysis will be performed according to distribution of data. If it is in normal distribution inter group comparison will be done by using Independent T test between signed rank test and if in non-normal distribution inter group comparison will be done by Mann-Whitney U test. The Chi square test will be applied to analyze categoric data. Correlation and association between predictors and dependent variables will be analyzed by correlation analysis and regression analysis.

Evaluation of Periodontal Status and hsCRP Levels in Females With PCOS on CPA/EE Combination Drug Regimen

Evaluation of Periodontal Status and High Sensitivity C Reactive Protein Levels in Female Patients Diagnosed With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome on Cyproterone Acetate/Ethinyl Estradiol Combination Regimen: a Cross Sectional Study

Distance from gingival margin to base of the pocket

Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences Rohtak

Necrosis

diagnosis

hacer sahin aydinyurt

Aim: Women's menstrual cycle is controlled by the secretion of sex hormones. Sex steroid hormones are thought to be affect to periodontal tissues, wound healing, periodontal disease progression and bone turn over. The aim the study is to evaluate clinical periodontal parameters and interleukin- 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in menstrual cycle.

Material and methods: Twenty-five patients were included in this study clinical periodontal parameters and levels of IL-6 and TNF α in gingival crevicular fluid were evaluated at three periods of menstrual cycle (menstruation day (MD)-ovulation day(OD)-premenstruation day (PmD)). Levels of IL-6 and TNF α in gingival crevicular fluid were determined by ELISA.

Study Population

Sixty women were initially included in this longitudinal, prospective study in Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology.

The procedure was accepted and informed consent was signed by all participants. The material and method used in the trial were accepted by the Yuzuncu Yil University Ethics Committee and were found to conform to the guidelines issued in the Declaration of Helsinki. To standardize the effect of plaque accumulation on the tested parameters, subjects were given oral hygiene instructions before the study.

Clinical Procedures, and Measurements

All subjects were scheduled for periodontal measurements and GCF sampling on the specific days determined as follows: 1) menstruation day (MD); on days 2-3 of menstruation 2) ovulation day (OD); detected by saliva fertility microscope 12-14 days of menstrual cycle and 3) premenstruation day (PmD); 22-24 days of menstruation cycle.

The subjects evaluated the study criteria in terms of the duration of a regular menstrual cycle (28 ± 3 d) and were followed up for three menstrual cycles. Five participants were excluded from the study if their menstrual cycles were longer or shorter than 28 ± 3 d for the last 12 months.

Donna ® Saliva Fertility Tester was used to detect the ovulation day. Patients also made their own fever measurement and confirmed the ovulation day. A small amount of saliva was placed onto microscope and after 5 minutes results were evaluated according to manufacturer's instructions. The outside of microscope lens cleaned with alcohol and a cotton swab after each use.

Periodontal measurements were performed for all patients at each of the three time points from index teeth. Periodontal measurements were: 1) plaque index (PI) (according to Silness and Löe index) 9: measured at six sites around each tooth; the highest score per tooth was recorded; 2) gingival index (GI) (according to Löe and Silness index) 10: measured at six sites around each tooth; the highest score per tooth was recorded; 3) probing depth (PD): measured at six sites around each tooth.

The GCF samples were obtained for 30 seconds from the mesiobuccal gingival sulcus of teeth using periodontal paper strips . The samples were taken 3 hours after the patients brush their teeth in the morning.

To avoid irritation of the periodontal pocket epithelium, the clinical measurements were obtained after the GCF samples collecting. The area was isolated with cotton rolls. All paper strips were stored in phosphate buffered solution. Paper points contaminated with blood and saliva were not used for study. GCF samples were stored at -80 °C for laboratory analyses. GCF samples were analyzed for IL-6 and TNF-α using commercially available sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay according to the manufacturer's instructions. Results were reported as concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α in GCF.

The Effect of Menstrual Cycle On IL-6, TNF-α And Periodontal Status

The Effect of Menstrual Cycle on Periodontium

gingival index: according to Silness and Löe gingival index plaque index: according to Löe and Silness plaque index probing depth the distance between gingival margin to periodontal sulcus bottom (mm) IL-6 concentration (pg/microliter) TNF- alpha concentration (pg/microliter)

Yuzuncu Yıl University

assistant professor

Blood and Lymph Conditions

Leukemia

Chronic Periodontitis

Neoplasms by Histologic Type

Hematologic Diseases

Chronic Disease

Disease Attributes

Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease

Central Nervous System Depressants

Anti-Infective Agents

Anesthetics

Anti-Bacterial Agents

Antibiotics, Antitubercular

Oncostatin M

Oprelvekin

included individuals with probing depth (PD) ≤3mm, no sites with attachment loss, and no radiographic evidence of alveolar bone resorption. They exhibited no sign of inflammation (GI=0).

had varying degrees of gingival inflammation (GI≥1), PD≤3mm with no clinical attachment loss or with no alveolar bone destruction.

was defined as those who were with PD ≥ 4mm, clinical attachment loss (CAL) ≥ 2mm, and who had bone loss affecting \>30% of the existing teeth on clinical and radiographic examination.

Oral hygiene education, including the use of toothbrushes and dental floss and/or interproximal brushes, was given to them. After one week Chronic Periodontitis group received nonsurgical periodontal therapy consisting of scaling and root planing (quadrant by quadrant) using manual scalers and curettes under local anesthesia. No antibiotics or any medications were prescribed during the treatment. Periodontal treatment was performed by the same investigator

Initial Periodontal Therapy

This study aims to determine Oncostatin M (OSM), Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and Interleukin-11 (IL-11) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), saliva, and serum in periodontally healthy individuals and those with gingivitis and chronic periodontitis before and after periodontal treatment and to evaluate the relationship between these cytokine levels and clinical periodontal parameters.

Measurement of Oncostatin M, Leukemia Inhibitory Factor and Interleukin-11 Levels of Patients With Periodontal Disease

Measurement of Oncostatin M, Leukemia Inhibitory Factor and Interleukin-11 Levels in Serum, Saliva, and Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Patients With Periodontal Disease

As described by Silness\&Löe 1964; The measurement of the state of oral hygiene by Silness-Löe plaque index is based on recording both soft debris and mineralized deposits on the following teeth. Each of the four surfaces of the teeth (buccal, lingual, mesial and distal) is given a score from 0-3. Scores 0: No plaque. scores 1: A film of plaque adhering to the free gingival margin and adjacent area of the tooth. The plaque may be seen in situ only after application of disclosing solution or by using the probe on the tooth surface.

Scores 2: Moderate accumulation of soft deposit s within the gingival pocket, or the tooth and gingival margin which can be seen with the naked eye.

Scores 3: Abundance of soft matter within the gingival pocket and/or on the tooth and gingival margin.

Score 0 considered good oral hygiene, score 3 bad oral hygiene habits. plaque index for a tooth=scores from 4 areas/4 plaque index individual= scores from 28 tooth/28

As described by Silness\&Löe 1964; The measurement of the state of oral hygiene by Silness-Löe plaque index is based on recording both soft debris and mineralized deposits on the following teeth. Each of the four surfaces of the teeth (buccal, lingual, mesial and distal) is given a score from 0-3.

Scores 0: No plaque. scores 1: A film of plaque adhering to the free gingival margin and adjacent area of the tooth. The plaque may be seen in situ only after application of disclosing solution or by using the probe on the tooth surface.

Scores 2: Moderate accumulation of soft deposit s within the gingival pocket, or the tooth and gingival margin which can be seen with the naked eye.

Scores 3: Abundance of soft matter within the gingival pocket and/or on the tooth and gingival margin.

Score 0 considered good oral hygiene, score 3 bad oral hygiene habits. plaque index for a tooth=scores from 4 areas. plaque index individual= scores from 28 tooth

As described by Löe\&Silness 1963; The bleeding is assessed by probing gently along the wall of soft tissue of the gingival sulcus. Each of the four surfaces of the teeth (buccal, lingual, mesial and distal) is given a score from 0-3.

Score 0 - Normal, healthy gingival with sharp, non-inflamed margins. score 1 - Marginal gingivitis with minimal inflammation and edema at the free gingival. No bleeding on probing.

Score 2 - Moderate gingivitis with a wider band of inflammation and bleeding upon probing.

Score 3 - Advanced gingivitis with inflammation clinically reaching the mucogingival junction usually with ulceration.

Score 0 considered healthy gingiva, score 3 assessed advanced gingival disease. gingival index for a tooth=scores from 4 areas/4 gingival index individual= scores from 28 tooth/28

Measurement to the nearest millimeter from the gingival margin to the base of the clinical pocket by Williams periodontal probe

In this study, biochemical parameters including OSM,LIF, IL-11 were measured (pg/ml) by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay) measured (pg/ml) by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay) methods on Gingival Crevicular Fluid, saliva and serum at baseline

Calculation as distance in millimeters from cement-enamel junction to the bottom of the pocket by Williams periodontal probe

As described by Silness\&Löe 1964; The measurement of the state of oral hygiene by Silness-Löe plaque index is based on recording both soft debris and mineralized deposits on the following teeth. Each of the four surfaces of the teeth (buccal, lingual, mesial and distal) is given a score from 0-3.

Scores 0: No plaque scores 1: A film of plaque adhering to the free gingival margin and adjacent area of the tooth. The plaque may be seen in situ only after application of disclosing solution or by using the probe on the tooth surface.

Scores 2: Moderate accumulation of soft deposit s within the gingival pocket, or the tooth and gingival margin which can be seen with the naked eye. Scores 3: Abundance of soft matter within the gingival pocket and/or on the tooth and gingival margin.

Score 0 considered good oral hygiene, score 3 bad oral hygiene habits. plaque index for a tooth=scores from 4 areas/4 plaque index individual= scores from 28 tooth/28

As described by Löe\&Silness 1963; The bleeding is assessed by probing gently along the wall of soft tissue of the gingival sulcus. Each of the four surfaces of the teeth (buccal, lingual, mesial and distal) is given a score from 0-3.

Score 0 - Normal, healthy gingival with sharp, non-inflamed margins. score 1 - Marginal gingivitis with minimal inflammation and edema at the free gingival. No bleeding on probing. Score 2 - Moderate gingivitis with a wider band of inflammation and bleeding upon probing.

Score 3 - Advanced gingivitis with inflammation clinically reaching the mucogingival junction usually with ulceration.

Score 0 considered healthy gingiva, score 3 assessed advanced gingival disease. gingival index for a tooth=scores from 4 areas/4 gingival index individual= scores from 28 tooth/28

In this study, biochemical parameters including OSM,LIF, IL-11 were measured (pg/ml) by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay) measured (pg/ml) by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay) methods on Gingival Crevicular Fluid, saliva and serum at 8 weeks

Ataturk University

Assistant Professor

Heart and Blood Diseases

Inflammation

Atherosclerosis

Women without periodontal disease neither PCOS

Women with PCOS with or without periodontal disease

Milagros Rocha, PhD

Emerging research indicates a link between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and periodontal diseases, revealing the intricate relationship between oral health and systemic conditions. PCOS, a hormonal disorder in women of reproductive age, often associates with obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance, heightening the risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The pathogenesis of PCOS involves an inflammatory response marked by increased CRP, inflammatory cytokines, elevated blood leukocytes, adhesion molecule expression, and oxidative stress markers like myeloperoxidase (MPO).

Periodontal diseases, bacterial infections affecting gums, ligaments, cement, and bone, include gingivitis (gum inflammation) and periodontitis (irreversible tissue destruction). Evidence suggests a link between periodontitis and increased CVD risk, while such association with gingivitis is limited.

Potential mechanisms linking periodontal diseases and CVD involve cytokine release, oral bacteria toxin production, and direct bloodstream transfer. Recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and TNFα triggers innate immune cells via TLR4 and TNFR, activating NF-κB and JNK expression. JNK amplifies inflammatory responses, inducing proinflammatory genes, and TNFα, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8 can invade endothelial layers, promoting adhesion molecule expression. Enhanced leukocyte ROS production, especially in periodontitis, contributes to endothelial dysfunction and heightened cardiovascular risk.

The activation of multiple inflammatory pathways likely links PCOS, periodontal disease, and increased cardiovascular risk. Thus, the researchers aim to investigate if the presence of periodontal diseases, particularly gingivitis, exacerbates oxidative stress, inflammation and atherosclerosis surrogate markers in women with PCOS, and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms.

The population will be identified using the Rotterdam criteria, which will include the following characteristics: irregular ovulation (cycles longer than 35 days or less than 26 days); elevated levels of free testosterone (\>0.5 ng/dl; the cut-off level for free testosterone will be determined based on the mean ± 2 standard deviations from normal levels observed in the control group); hirsutism (total Ferriman-Gallwey score \> 7); and the presence of polycystic ovaries, which will be identified through transvaginal ultrasonography (i.e., the presence of 12 or more small follicles measuring 2 to 9 mm in each ovary). The control group will be matched in BMI and age to the intervention group. In both groups, all medication, pathologies, and other medical conditions that could affect their reproductive physiology will be registered. All patients will receive detailed information on the study, highlighting its benefits and drawbacks, and will sign the informed consent and confidentiality commitment.

A comprehensive periodontal examination will be conducted across all study cohorts, adhering to established consensus criteria. Each tooth in the oral cavity will be probed at 6 points-3 buccal and 3 palatal-utilizing a periodontal chart with a Williams-type millimeter probe. Factors such as tobacco use, tooth brushing frequency, and alcohol consumption will be considered via a questionnaire, as well as through plaque and calculus indices. The periodontal examination will be carried out by a single doctor with training in periodontics to avoid inter-explorer bias. The researchers will also ask about dental treatments received, emphasizing periodontal treatments or those related to generating changes in soft tissues such as orthodontic gingival recessions. The periodontal measures will include the percentage of bleeding on probing (BOP), millimeters of clinical attachment level (CAL), millimeters of probing pockets depth (PPD), percentage of loss of bone, number of teeth with periodontal pockets-PPD ≥4mm- and number of teeth with CAL≥4mm-. The researchers will evaluate the plaque and calculus level using the Silness and Löe index for plaque and O´Leary index for calculus levels. To facilitate the measurement of plaque and calculus indexes, as they will be carried out in a hospital with a high flux of patients, these indices will be measured on the Ramfjord index teeth (right permanent maxillary first molar, right permanent incisor, left permanent first premolar, left mandibular permanent first molar, right permanent mandibular incisor, and right permanent mandibular first premolar).

A peripheral venous blood sample will be taken after 12 hours of fasting, during the follicular phase of the menstrual period of the patients (from the 1st to the 5th day of bleeding) to avoid biases dependent on the variability of sexual hormones. Neutrophils and PBMC will be isolated from 8 mL of EDTA-anticoagulated peripheral blood by means of an immunomagnetic method, following the manufacturer's protocol. In addition, LUNA-FL will be used to determine cell count and viability (acridine orange and propidium iodide double stain). Proteins will be extracted from neutrophils or PBMC on ice. Neutrophils will be lysed for 15 minutes with RIPA Lysis Buffer supplemented with protease and phosphatase inhibitors. The supernatant will be collected after centrifugation for 15 minutes at 16,000g. The total protein concentration will be quantified using a bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay. Aliquots of 25µg of protein will be resolved on 8-16% gradient SDS-polyacrylamide gels and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes. Target proteins will be detected by incubating the membranes with anti-actin, JNK, NFkB, MCP1, GPX-1, NLRP3, ASC, procaspase 1, caspase 1, Beclin, ATG5-ATG12, p62, LC3 I, LC3 II, Pink1, GRP78, eIF2alpha, IRE1 alpha, ATF6, CHOP, PGC1 alpha, mTFA, VDAC, Complex I, II, III, IV and V. The protein signal will be detected by chemiluminescence and analyzed by densitometry.

A parallel plate flow chamber, connected to an inverted microscope, will enable the researchers to measure neutrophil-endothelial cell interactions in vitro. Prior to this, immortalized endothelial cells from the human umbilical vein will be seeded. One million leukocytes in 1 mL of RPMI medium will be drawn across the HUVEC. A video camera connected to the microscope will permit a 5 × 25 mm view of the endothelial cells. Various leukocyte parameters, including rolling velocity, rolling flux, and adhesion, will be evaluated over a period of 5 minutes. Analysis of serum cytokines, cellular adhesion molecules, and glutathione will be measured with a Luminex® 200 analyzer system following the Milliplex® MAP Kit manufacturer's procedure or ELISA technique.

This study was designed to achieve a power of 80% and to detect significant differences of 20 % in relation to the primary efficacy criterion - leukocyte-endothelium interactions (measured by adhesion of neutrophils) - assuming that 3 groups existed. Under these premises, at least 12 subjects per group were considered. Normally and non-normally distributed data will be expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) and median (25th-75th percentiles), respectively. Qualitative data will be expressed as percentages. The data will be analyzed using an unpaired Student's t test or a Mann-Whitney U test for parametric and non-parametric data, respectively. When comparing three groups, statistical significance will be assessed by one-way ANOVA or the Kruskal Wallis test followed by post hoc test. The strength of the association between variables will be measured by means of Pearson's or Spearman correlation coefficient, for parametric and non-parametric data, respectively. To predict the value of a variable based on another variable, linear regression analysis will be used. Differences will be considered significant when p \< 0.05, with a confidence interval of 95%. Analysis will be performed with SPSS 22.0.

According to presence of polycystic ovary syndrome

Periodontal Status and Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Periodontal Status Assessment, Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Inflammatory Response, and Endothelial Dysfunction Evaluation in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Determine leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions and cellular adhesion molecules in serum (ICAM, VCAM and p-Selectin)

Determine proinflammatory cytokines in serum (TNF-alpha, IL6) and expression of inflammatory mediators in leukocytes by Western blot (JNK, NFkB, MCP1)

Determine serum oxidative stress markers (MPO, glutathione), expression of GPX-1 by Western blot and total ROS, mitochondrial ROS and superoxide by flow cytometry in leukocytes.

Determine expression of NLRP3, ASC, procaspase 1 and caspase 1 by Western blot in leukocytes and serum levels of IL1 beta and IL18 in serum.

Determine expression of Beclin, ATG5-ATG12, p62, LC3 I, LC3 II and Pink by Western blot in leukocytes.

Determine expression of GRP78, eIF2alpha, IRE1 alpha, ATF6 and CHOP by Western blot in leukocytes.

Determine expression of PGC1 alpha, mTFA, VDAC, Complex I, II, III, IV and V by Western blot in leukocytes.

Study title	NCT ID	Conditions	Interventions	Eligibility	Organization
Optical Sensor for Photodynamic Detection of Oral Pathology	NCT00540774	Mouth Diseases	detection of or...	18 Years - 75 Years	University of California, Irvine
Assessment of Periodontal Therapy and Biofilm Management in Breast Cancer	NCT06212908	Breast Cancer Gingivitis Periodontal	Basic Periodont...	18 Years - 70 Years	University of Sao Paulo
Evaluation of Periodontal Status and hsCRP Levels in Females With PCOS on CPA/EE Combination Drug Regimen	NCT05021861	Periodontitis Polycystic Ovar... Gingivitis	Cyproterone Ace... FEMALE PATIENTS... Control group	15 Years - 40 Years	Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences Rohtak
Evaluation of Periodontal Status and hsCRP Levels in Females With PCOS on CPA/EE Combination Drug Regimen	NCT05021861	Periodontitis Polycystic Ovar... Gingivitis	Cyproterone Ace... FEMALE PATIENTS... Control group	15 Years - 40 Years	Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences Rohtak
The Effect of Menstrual Cycle On IL-6, TNF-α And Periodontal Status	NCT03281109	Menstrual Cycle...	diagnosis	20 Years - 29 Years	Yuzuncu Yıl University
Measurement of Oncostatin M, Leukemia Inhibitory Factor and Interleukin-11 Levels of Patients With Periodontal Disease	NCT04597073	Chronic Periodo... Gingivitis	Initial Periodo...	20 Years - 56 Years	Ataturk University
Assessment of Periodontal Therapy and Biofilm Management in Breast Cancer	NCT06212908	Breast Cancer Gingivitis Periodontal	Basic Periodont...	18 Years - 70 Years	University of Sao Paulo
Periodontal Status and Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome	NCT06184412	Periodontal Dis...		18 Years - 45 Years	Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana

Spots Global Cancer Trial Database for gingivitis

Every month we try and update this database with for gingivitis cancer trials from around the world to help patients and their families find trials that might be right for them.
We offer this 100% free of charge and do not endorse any of the trials listed here, we hope it helps you or a loved one.

Spots Global Cancer Trial Database for gingivitis

Every month we try and update this database with for gingivitis cancer trials from around the world to help patients and their families find trials that might be right for them. We offer this 100% free of charge and do not endorse any of the trials listed here, we hope it helps you or a loved one.

Every month we try and update this database with for gingivitis cancer trials from around the world to help patients and their families find trials that might be right for them.
We offer this 100% free of charge and do not endorse any of the trials listed here, we hope it helps you or a loved one.