Neoplasms

Digestive System Diseases

Gland and Hormone Related Diseases

All Conditions

Symptoms and General Pathology

Rare Diseases

Pancreatic Neoplasms

Recurrence

Disease Attributes

Pancreatic Cancer

Adjuvants, Anesthesia

Analgesics

Central Nervous System Depressants

All Drugs and Chemicals

Anti-Arrhythmia Agents

Channel Blockers

Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors

Fentanyl

Anesthetics

Lidocaine

Ropivacaine

Sevoflurane

Anesthetics, Local

Sodium Channel Blockers

Diuretics, Potassium Sparing

Patients will be subjected to anesthesia with sevoflurane+fentanyl+intravenous lidocaine infusion for the first 48 hours postoperative

Patients will be subjected to anesthesia with sevoflurane+fentanyl+epidural ropivacaine infusion for the first 48 hours postoperatively

Intraoperatively and postoperatively a standard intravenous infusion of lidocaine will be used for analgesia

Intravenous lidocaine

Intraoperatively and postoperatively an epidural infusion of ropivacaine will be used for analgesia

Epidural ropivacaine

Theodor Bot, PhD Student

Daniela Ionescu, MD PhD

Theodor Bot

Study aims to compare the influence of intravenous lidocaine and peridural ropivacaine on postoperative long and short term outcome in patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing surgery.

As short term endpoints: postoperative complications and resumption of bowel function.

Long term endpoints include: 1 and 3 year recurrence and mortality.

Influence of Local Anesthetic Administration on the Cancer Recurrence Rate After Pancreatic Oncologic Surgery

Study participants will be contacted by study team via phone or e-mail

Resumption of bowel function, anastomotic leakage or hemorrhage

Institutul Regional de Gastroenterologie & Hepatologie Prof. dr. Octavian Fodor

PhD student

Colorectal Neoplasms

Intestinal Neoplasms

Gastrointestinal Neoplasms

Digestive System Neoplasms

Gastrointestinal Diseases

Colonic Diseases

Intestinal Diseases

Rectal Diseases

Patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for resection of colorectal cancer will benefit of an infusion of intravenous lidocaine from the induction of anesthesia untill one hour after PACU admission

Infusion of normal saline form the induction of anaesthesia untill one hour after PACU admission

Lidocaine infusion: 1.5 mg/kg bolus on 10 minutes (maximum 150 mg) followed by 1.5 mg/kg/h

Intravenous Lidocaine

Normal saline infusion: 1.5 mg/kg bolus on 10 minutes (maximum 150 mg) followed by 1.5 mg/kg/h

Normal saline infusion

louis-Philippe Fortier, M.D.

Nadia godin

Louis-Philippe Fortier, M.D.

Surgical resection is the best treatment option for colorectal cancer. Despite this radical approach, recurrences within five years are still common. Several authors have proposed that the immunosuppressive state surrounding the perioperative period was a key element of cancer cells spread.

A particular subtype of T lymphocytes, the Natural Killer cells (NKs), is the main actor of the innate immune system. Several factors of the perioperative period can reduce activity of NKs such as stress, pain, opioids and general anaesthetics.

Lidocaine is a local anaesthetic that has been widely used intravenously for abdominal surgeries. Intravenous lidocaine has been shown to reduce pain scores, morphine consumption, ileus time and length of stay in major colorectal surgeries. It reduced markers of systemic inflammation as well.

The authors hypothesize that the use of intravenous lidocaine during laparoscopic surgeries for colorectal cancer resection will preserve NKs activity.

NK Activity Modulation Induced by Intravenous Lidocaine During Colorectal Laparoscopic Surgery

NK Activity Modulation by Intravenous Lidocaine During Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery

From the PACU to the 3rd day after surgery

Morphine consumption from the PACU to the 3rd day after surgery

Cumulative dose of fentanyl needed for the surgery

Nausea and vomiting from the PACU to the 3rd day after surgery

Hypotension, heart rythm blocks, tachycarida, bradycardia

Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital

Principal investigator

Analgesics, Opioid

Patient will recieve Continous Intravenous Lidocaine Infusion

Patient will recieve placebo (NaCl 0.9% infusion)

Patient will recieve intravenous Lidocaine dose 1.5 mg/kg at the time of induction and after that will receive maintenance by continous intravenous Lidocaine infusion dose 2 mg/kg/hour until the completion of surgery

Continous Intravenous Lidocaine Infusion

Patient will recieve Placebo NaCl 0.9% continuous intravenous infusion until the completion of surgery

Placebo

Aida Tantri

Aida Tantri, MD, PhD

This study aimed to compare continous intravenous lidocaine infusion and placebo on the effect to brain relaxation, opioid consumption and postoperative cognitive status in adult patient undergoing craniotomy tumor removal surgery

Fifty subjects were given informed consent one day before surgery and then randomized into two groups: continous intravenous Lidocaine intraoperative and Placebo. Patient, the Anesthesist as data collector, and the Neurosurgeon as the outcome assessor are blinded to the randomization and the intervention given. Non invasive blood pressure, ECG, and pulse oxymetry monitor were set on the subject in the operating room. General anesthesia induction was done by Fentanyl 3 mcg/kg, Lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg or Placebo (according to allocation group), Propofol 1-2 mg/kg and Rocuronium 1 mg/kg. After the intubation, maintenance continous intravenous Lidocain dose 2 mg/kg/hours or Placebo were set until the completion of surgery. Other than intervention (Lidocain or Placebo), maintenance was done by volatile Sevoflurane 0.8 -1.0 MAC, intermittent Fentanyl, continous Atracurium dose 5 mcg/kg/minutes and Manitol 20% dose 0.5 g/kg 30 minutes before Neurosurgeon reach the duramater. At the time Neurosurgeon reach the duramater, before and after they open the duramater, Neurosurgeon will assess brain relaxation by direct inspection and palpation. Total Fentanyl intraoperative will record and Cognitive status pre and postoperative will assess using MMSE. Postoperatively patient will transport to the ICU for monitoring.

Effect of Continous Intravenous Lidocaine Infusion Intraoperative for Craniotomy Tumor Removal Surgery

Continous Intravenous Lidocaine Infusion Intraoperative for Craniotomy Tumor Removal Surgery: Effect to Brain Relaxation, Opioid Consumption and Postoperative Cognitive Status

Measure by direct inspection and palpation of duramater and brain by Neurosurgeon. The result is using four points scale, grading the brain as completely relaxed, satisfactorily relaxed, firm and bulging

Indonesia University

MD, FRCA

Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases

Urinary Tract, Sexual Organs, and Pregnancy Conditions

Nervous System Diseases

Pain, Postoperative

Hemorrhage

Leiomyoma

Myofibroma

Pain

Uterine Neoplasms

Myoma

Postoperative Complications

Neurologic Manifestations

Genital Neoplasms, Female

Urogenital Neoplasms

Uterine Diseases

Genital Diseases, Female

Genital Diseases

Urogenital Diseases

Female Urogenital Diseases

Pregnancy Complications

Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications

Neoplasms, Connective and Soft Tissue

Neoplasms by Histologic Type

Neoplasms, Connective Tissue

Connective Tissue Diseases

Morphine

Intravenous lidocaine would be administered as an infusion for pain management both intra- and post-operatively.

Lidocaine would be administered intermittently, once each hour intra-abdominally for postoperative pain management.

Normal saline would be administered intra-abdominally and intravenously in the same patient. Rescue analgesia in the form of morphine (PCA) would be used for pain management.

Normal saline would be administered intravenously and intra-abdominally.

Normal saline

Standardized infusion of lidocaine during 24 h. 100 mg bolus and 50 mg/h during 24 h would be administered.

Lidocaine 5 mg/ml; 100 mg would be administered intraoperatively intra-abdominally and subsequently 50 mg/h as intermittent injection intra-abdominally during 24 h

Intra-abdominal Lidocaine

Kjell Axelsson, MD, PhD

Local anesthetics (LA) are increasingly used for postoperative pain management. Speicifically, several studies have found benefit of LA injected intra-abdominally following abdominal hysterectomy. However, it remains unclear whether the pain relief seen is due to local anesthetic mechanisms within the abdominal cavity or through systemic absorption. The aim of this study is to assess whether lidocaine administered intravenously has similar analgesic efficacy as the same dose administered intra-abdominally in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. All patients would have rescue analgesia using the patient controlled analgesia (PCA) pump with morphine in order to achieve adequate pain management during 24 h.

Abdominal hysterectomy with or without salipingo-oophorectomy is associated with moderate-severe postoperative pain. Poor pain control in the postoperative period can lead to increased postoperative morbidities and poor quality of life. Furthermore, an emerging clinical literature suggests that acute pain may rapidly evolve into chronic pain if poorly treated. A meta-analysis of the literature found that \> 30% patients had chronic pain one year after abdominal hysterectomy (5). Therefore, efficient postoperative pain management is imperative for the patient and is one of the new pain management standards recommended recently.

Local anesthetics (LA) have been infiltrated subcutaneously, infused intra-abdominally, as well as injected into the peritoneal cavity as a single dose at the end of the operation following abdominal hysterectomy with variable effects. When injected as a single dose, analgesia is limited to approximately 2-4 hours due to the short duration of action of local anesthetics. In one recent study, the authors used a catheter inserted intra-abdominally and local anesthetic or placebo infusion into the abdominal cavity for 24 h postoperatively and found a reduction in postoperative analgesic requirements by 40% during 4-24 h. In another study, the investigators found that LA injected intermittently intra-abdominally resulted in better pain relief compared to intra-abdominal infusions.

Intravenous or Intra-abdominal Local Anesthetics for Postoperative Pain Management.

A Comparison Between Continuous Infusion vs. Patient Controlled Intraabdominal Injection of Local Anesthetics for Treatment of Postoperative Pain After Abdominal Hysterectomy. A Randomized, Double-blind Study.

Total rescue morphine consumption during 0 - 24 h would be the primary endpoint

Postoperative pain measured on the numeric rating scale (0 - 10) would be measured at 4 h

The plasma concentration of LA lidocaine would be analysed at 24 h in order to assess whether the LA absorption from the abdomen is similar to that administered intravenously.

The time to discharge home would be assessed using standardized criteria for home discharge.

Örebro University, Sweden

Associate Professor

Behaviors and Mental Disorders

Quality of Life

Pharmaceutical Solutions

An intravenous bolus of 2% lidocaine will be administered following the induction of anaesthesia at 1.5mg/kg ideal body weight over 20 minutes followed by intravenous infusion of 1.5 mg/kg/hour ideal body weight with a maximum rate of 120mg/hour for 24 hours.

An equivalent infusion rate (ml) of placebo will be administered following the induction of anaesthesia over 20 minutes followed by hourly equivalent intravenous infusion in ml/hr of placebo with a maximum rate of 6mls/hr (equivalent of 120mg/hour for lidocaine) for 24 hours.

Lidocaine hydrochloride 2% for injection

0.9% sterile Sodium Chloride solution for injection

West Raha, MBChB

Marcela Vizcaychipi

Jamie Murphy

This feasibility (small) study aims to see if it is possible to run a large study looking at the effect of lidocaine on large bowel cancer recurrence after surgery in the NHS hospitals.

Strong preclinical evidence suggests that lidocaine, a type of local anaesthetic commonly used, could potentially reduce cancer recurrence if given during cancer surgery. This study will evaluate the feasibility of conducting a study comparing intravenous lidocaine infusion versus placebo administration for 24 hours from the start of general anaesthesia. The specific population will be any stage 2 or 3 colon or rectal cancer patient undergoing elective laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery to look at postoperative cancer outcomes in two NHS settings. This study will explore the acceptability, facilitators and potential barriers of recruiting cancer patients, with possible anxieties of a new cancer diagnosis about to have major surgery along with other potential feasibility issues. It will also assess if follow-up and outcome data collection can be streamlined with usual care processes as much as possible and to guide the future definitive trial.

The project will:

1. Perform a feasibility study. This will be similar in design to the future bigger study and will see:

   * if there are any problems in giving lidocaine;
   * if patients and clinicians would be happy to take part in a study using a design where some patients get the drug and others get a non-active substance (known as placebo);
   * how many patients can we get from the different types and stages of bowel cancer;
   * if patients can be followed up successfully;
   * if we can collect all the data that we would need;
   * what measures might work well for the future study;
2. Look to see if blood tests can give some idea on how lidocaine might work in patients and if it can be confirmed in the bigger study.

The study will involve a small number of patients getting either lidocaine or placebo, and:

* filling in questionnaires to measure quality of life;
* follow up phone call at 6 and 12 months after surgery;
* having their records looked at to see if cancer comes back;
* both patients and clinicians to fill in a feedback questionnaire to see how they get on with the study processes;
* having extra blood tests before and after they finish the lidocaine/placebo infusion.

Feasibility Study of Lidocaine Infusion During Bowel Cancer Surgery for Cancer Outcome

A Randomised Feasibility Study Evaluating the Effect of Perioperative Intravenous Lidocaine on Colorectal Cancer Outcome After Surgery

Change from baseline quantity of circulating free DNA at treatment completion

Quantitative genomic analysis of the blood cells to study the characteristics and investigate the technical feasibility of this for the future definitive trial.

Change from baseline circulating tumour cells quantity at treatment completion

Comparison between lidocaine and placebo treatment group

Change from baseline pro-inflammatory cytokine levels at treatment completion

The number of eligible patients and the actual number recruited for colon and rectal cancer with stage 2 or 3.

The number of participants who consent to participate who remain in the study until the end of follow up at 12 months.

10 questions close-ended questionnaire with optional free text relating to informed consent procedures, the information given, the recruitment process and any suggestions for improvement.

Patients who refuse consent will be asked for their reasons at the point of recruitment only

Clinicians will be asked their reasons for not recruiting patients

Cancer recurrence and death from any cause

The completeness of responses to the health-related quality of life questionnaire, EQ- 5D-5L which would be the outcome measure used in an economic evaluation as part of the definitive trial.

Feasibility and completion of the Cancer-specific quality of life measured using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Colorectal cancer (FACT-C) questionnaire.

This will be a bespoke patient questionnaire on primary and secondary healthcare and social care resource use.

Recorded from medical notes and healthcare resource use form.

Imperial College London

Prostatic Neoplasms

Carcinoma, Renal Cell

Kidney Neoplasms

Male Urogenital Diseases

Urologic Neoplasms

Kidney Diseases

Urologic Diseases

Renal Cell Carcinoma

Anti-Infective Agents

Anti-Bacterial Agents

Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.8% in Dextrose 5% Solution

Lidocaine Hydrochloride and 5% Dextrose Injection, USP is a sterile, nonpyrogenic solution prepared from lidocaine hydrochloride and dextrose in water for injection.

Sodium Chloride Injection USP is sterile, nonpyrogenic, isotonic and contains no bacteriostatic or antimicrobial agents.

0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection

Boris Mraovic, MD

Controlling pain is fundamental during and after surgical procedures. This study examines pain associated with robotic assisted surgery on prostate cancer or a kidney mass. In recent years, the risk of opioids in the postoperative period has gained interest due to the growing epidemic of addiction, dependence, and overdose. In this study, the investigators expect a continuous infusion of intravenous lidocaine during the perioperative period to result in less pain and less opioid use.

In recent years, the risk of opioids in the post-operative period has gained interest due to the growing epidemic of addiction, dependence, and overdose. The rate of drug overdose secondary to opioids has continued to increase at an alarming rate. This has been a primary point of concern in all fields of medicine and Urology has not been an exception. This is also a nationwide government and public health concern. This has generated an increased focus on the use of non-opioid analgesics after surgery such as intravenous lidocaine.

Opioids remain the primary source of relief for postoperative pain and have the potential to lead to significant morbidity. Opioids may delay recovery following surgery and have many well-known adverse effects including, but not limited to, nausea, vomiting and prolonged post-operative ileus. Furthermore, in one study, they inadequately provided pain control in 50-60% of postoperative participants. This is a frequent report of participants because of the less than optimal utilization of the medications in fear of their dose dependent adverse effects and various contraindications. On the other hand, surplus medication following surgery is another prominent component of the opioid problem in Urologic practices. Bates et al. found that of the 586 participants that underwent a urological procedure that they reviewed, 67% of them had collected surplus medication. It is both necessary and beneficial for surgeons and participants to utilize dose-sparing strategies following surgery to decrease overall opioid usage and outpatient requirement.

One mechanism that has already been employed for overall improvement in prostatectomies and partial nephrectomies is the use of the robotic assisted approach. Robot assisted partial nephrectomies (RALPN) and robotic assisted laparoscopic prostatectomies (RALP) are becoming a mainstay in urologic surgery and increasing annually. This coincides with a continuous downward trend of laparoscopic and open urologic procedures. RALPN has been shown in a meta-analysis to be more favorable than laparoscopic partial nephrectomies and will continue to be the surgical procedure of choice in the near future. RALP is also now the dominant surgical approach while open and laparoscopic prostatectomies becoming less frequent. Robotic assisted surgery is associated with improved functional outcomes, pain scores, shorter hospital stays, and increases in participants satisfaction in many studies.

While there has been a pronounced increase in robotic surgery over the past 10 years that has demonstrated benefits for participants, there has been limited studies regarding the pain management for these participants. Robotic assisted surgery itself decreases pain levels compared to other approaches, but participants continue to experience mild to moderate pain levels in the postoperative period, which are classically managed with NSAIDs and opioids.

Recently, Enhanced Recovery after Surgery protocols (ERAS) have been implemented in an attempt to decrease pain and opioid use as one outcome. ERAS utilizes multimodal analgesia and has shown improvement of participant satisfaction and perioperative opioid use. Systemic lidocaine is becoming more popular and regularly applied through this protocol and, other practices, in due to its analgesic, anti-hyperalgesia and anti-inflammatory properties that it contains. Systemic lidocaine mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to be multifaceted. Systemic lidocaine inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels in both the peripheral and central nervous system. This is believed to cause an additive effect when combined with inhaled anesthetics which also work on the voltage-gated sodium channels in the central nervous system. Despite this summative effect, this is likely not the primary mechanism of action. Instead, it is believed to predominantly act on anti-inflammatory signaling and through inhibiting neuronal effects. Additionally, it reduces nociception and cardiovascular response to surgical stress and pain.

This is a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial on lidocaine infusion for pain control and opioid consumption in participants undergoing either robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy or robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy at University of Missouri Hospital. Participants will be randomized in a 1:1 fashion and stratified by the type of surgery to receive a perioperative intravenous 0.8% lidocaine infusion at 1 mg/kg/h if \< age 65 and 0.5 mg/kg/h if ≥ age 65 or an equal volume and rate of normal saline as a placebo. The infusion will be started 15 minutes after endotracheal intubation and continue for 24 hours.

The study that the investigators propose targets an area of urology that is underrepresented in the current literature despite its increasing importance. To the best of the investigator's knowledge, this has not been directly studied before, although it has been utilized numerous times in the ERAS protocol at the University of Missouri Hospital throughout the Division of Urology and Anesthesiology \& Perioperative Medicine in participants undergoing robotic surgery. The benefits of intravenous lidocaine have been demonstrated in other areas and these results warrant a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled study to assess the lidocaine infusion effects for robot assisted laparoscopic prostatectomies and partial nephrectomies. As the number of robotic assisted surgeries and emphasis on opioid reduction continues, the evaluation of systemic lidocaine will be important in improving outcomes in urology.

Participants will receive either intraoperative 0.8% lidocaine or normal saline at 1 mg/kg/h when younger than 65 years and 0.5 mg/kg/h when greater than or equal to the age of 65 to be delivered by continuous infusion for 24 hours.

The surgeon, anesthesiologist, operating room staff, participant, personnel in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) as well as the investigators collecting the postoperative data will be blinded to the group allocation. Study medication is prepared and masked by an unblinded investigation drug pharmacist who is not involved in clinical care.

Effect of Perioperative Intravenous Lidocaine Infusion in Robotic-Assisted Urologic Surgery

A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial Evaluating the Use of Perioperative Intravenous Lidocaine Infusion to Decrease Pain Scores and Opioid Consumption After Robotic-Assisted Prostatectomy and Robotic-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy

10-cm Visual Analog Scale (VAS), score of 0 "no pain" to a score of 10 "worst pain ever"

Difference in opioid consumption in first 24 hours, discharge and 21 days post-operatively (morphine equivalents)

Difference in length of hospital stay determined by surgeon excluding social factors that may delay discharge

Difference in post-operative Ileus duration

Difference in time in the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) after surgery

Difference in return of flatus after surgery

Difference in time to out of bed to chair after surgery

Difference in time to first ambulation in the hallway after surgery

University of Missouri-Columbia

Professor of Clinical Anesthesiology

The study followed the ClinicalTrials.gov definitions of adverse/serious adverse events for collection of information.

Lidocaine Hydrochloride infusion

The treatment group received a perioperative and intraoperative infusion of 0.8% lidocaine at 1mg/kg/h.

Treatment Group

Normal saline

The control group received normal saline.

Control Group

Total

Age, Categorical

Sex: Female, Male

Race (NIH/OMB)

11 patients were randomized into the treatment group, while 10 patients were randomized to the control group. Investigators were blinded to the randomization.

Dr Boris Mraovic

Pain 1 hour post operative

Patients were discharged at different times post operatively, dependent on the procedure performed and post operative pain management. Some patients were discharged before 24 hours post operatively.

Study title	NCT ID	Conditions	Interventions	Eligibility	Organization
Influence of Local Anesthetic Administration on the Cancer Recurrence Rate After Pancreatic Oncologic Surgery	NCT04449289	Pancreatic Canc...	Intravenous lid... Epidural ropiva...	18 Years - 80 Years	Institutul Regional de Gastroenterologie & Hepatologie Prof. dr. Octavian Fodor
NK Activity Modulation Induced by Intravenous Lidocaine During Colorectal Laparoscopic Surgery	NCT01841294	Colorectal Canc...	Intravenous Lid... Normal saline i...	18 Years - 80 Years	Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital
Effect of Continous Intravenous Lidocaine Infusion Intraoperative for Craniotomy Tumor Removal Surgery	NCT04773093	Craniotomy Tumo...	Continous Intra... Placebo	18 Years - 65 Years	Indonesia University
Intravenous or Intra-abdominal Local Anesthetics for Postoperative Pain Management.	NCT01492179	Uterine Myoma Persistent Post... Uterine Cancer	Normal saline Intravenous Lid... Intra-abdominal...	30 Years - 75 Years	Örebro University, Sweden
Influence of Local Anesthetic Administration on the Cancer Recurrence Rate After Pancreatic Oncologic Surgery	NCT04449289	Pancreatic Canc...	Intravenous lid... Epidural ropiva...	18 Years - 80 Years	Institutul Regional de Gastroenterologie & Hepatologie Prof. dr. Octavian Fodor
Feasibility Study of Lidocaine Infusion During Bowel Cancer Surgery for Cancer Outcome	NCT05250791	Colorectal Canc... Quality of Life Recurrent Cance...	Lidocaine hydro... 0.9% sterile So...	18 Years -	Imperial College London
NK Activity Modulation Induced by Intravenous Lidocaine During Colorectal Laparoscopic Surgery	NCT01841294	Colorectal Canc...	Intravenous Lid... Normal saline i...	18 Years - 80 Years	Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital
Effect of Perioperative Intravenous Lidocaine Infusion in Robotic-Assisted Urologic Surgery	NCT03824808	Kidney Cancer Prostate Cancer	Lidocaine Hydro... 0.9% Sodium Chl...	18 Years -	University of Missouri-Columbia
Effect of Perioperative Intravenous Lidocaine Infusion in Robotic-Assisted Urologic Surgery	NCT03824808	Kidney Cancer Prostate Cancer	Lidocaine Hydro... 0.9% Sodium Chl...	18 Years -	University of Missouri-Columbia
Lidocaine And Neuromonitoring in Thyroid Surgery	NCT04574947	Thyroid Neoplas... Parathyroid Neo... Anesthesia	Intravenous lid... Intravenous pla... Intra-cuff lido... Intra-cuff plac...	45 Years -	Saint Petersburg State University, Russia

Spots Global Cancer Trial Database for intravenous lidocaine