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All included patients will receive a laparoscopic ischemic conditioning followed by an esophagectomy after an interval of 12-18 days.

Laparoscopic ischemic conditioning followed by esophagectomy

Eline De Groot, MD

Isabel Bartella, MD, PhD

Wolfgang Schröder, MD, PhD

Arjen van der Veen, MD

Richard van Hillegersberg, MD, PhD

Lars Schiffman, MD, PhD

This is a two center phase II prospective single-arm safety and feasibility trial for 20 patients with resectable esophageal carcinoma with an increased risk for anastomotic leakage, as based upon UCS and NASCET calcification scores on pre-op CT-scan. In these patients, laparoscopic ischemic conditioning is performed 12-18 days before an Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy. The primary outcome is all complications grade 2 and higher (Clavien-Dindo classification) occurring during or after the laparoscopic ischemic conditioning. Secondary outcomes are complications after the esophagectomy, and the induction of angiogenesis by biomarkers of microcirculation and redistribution of blood flow by measurement of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence angiography.

Rationale:

Anastomotic leakage is the most important surgical complication following esophagectomy for esophageal cancer, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. A major cause of leakage is impaired healing due to ischemia of the gastric tube that is used for reconstruction of the gastrointestinal tract. Calcifications of the aorta or stenosis of the celiac trunk on pre-operative CT scan have been shown to be associated with an increased risk of anastomotic leakage. So far, no individualized treatment has been initiated for this selected group of patients. Laparoscopic ischemic conditioning (ISCON) of the gastric tube aims to increase perfusion at the anastomotic site by redistribution of the gastric blood flow and/or induction of angiogenesis. This is achieved by occlusion of the supplying gastric arteries except for the right gastroepiploic artery during a separate intervention prior to esophagectomy. Of note, these arteries would also be occluded during conventional esophagectomy, but with laparoscopic ISCON they are occluded at an earlier moment in time during a separate intervention. Retrospective studies have demonstrated the safety of this technique. Prospective studies have not yet been performed.

Primary objective:

Assess the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic ISCON 12-18 days prior to esophagectomy for esophageal cancer in patients with arterial calcifications.

Study design:

Two center phase II prospective single-arm safety and feasibility trial.

Study population:

Patients with resectable esophageal carcinoma (cT1-4a, N0-3, M0) with "major calcifications" of the thoracic aorta (UCS) and any additional calcification or stenosis of the celiac axis (modified NASCET score) on preoperative CT scan, who are planned to undergo esophagectomy.

Intervention:

Laparoscopic ISCON followed by esophagectomy after an interval of 12-18 days.

Primary outcome:

all complications grade 2 and higher (Clavien-Dindo classification) occurring during or after operation 1 (laparoscopic ISCON) and before operation 2 (esophagectomy).

Secondary outcomes:

secondary outcomes with regard to operation 1 (laparoscopic ISCON) are the duration of the procedure, blood loss, day of discharge postoperatively and grade 1 complications. Secondary outcomes with regard to operation 2 (esophagectomy) are anastomotic leakage rate, all other grade 3b or higher complications and 30 day mortality. Further secondary endpoints are the induction of angiogenesis by biomarkers of microcirculation and redistribution of blood flow by measurement of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence angiography.

Nature and extent of the burden and risks associated with participation, benefit and group relatedness:

the additional burden for the patient consists of an extra operation of approximately 40 minutes during which laparoscopic ISCON will be performed, prior to the planned esophagectomy. We would classify the current study as medium risk. Potential benefits in comparison to current standard treatment are a reduced risk of anastomotic leakage and severity of anastomotic leakage. Potential risks are complications following operation 1 (laparoscopic ISCON). Mainly, based upon prior experience, we expect gastroparesis to occur in 25% of patients. Patients with gastroparesis have an increased risk of aspiration and will require a stomach emptying by nasogastric tube and nasojejunal tube feeding till the performance of operating 2 (esophagectomy).

Laparoscopic Ischemic Conditioning Prior to Esophagectomy

Laparoscopic Ischemic Conditioning Prior to Esophagectomy in Patients With Esophageal Cancer and Arterial Calcifications

Complications grade 2 and higher (Clavien-Dindo classification)

Grade 1 complications after operation 1 (laparoscopic ISCON)

Duration of operation 1 (laparoscopic ISCON)

Bloodloss during operation 1 (laparoscopic ISCON)

Day of discharge after operation 1 (laparoscopic ISCON)

Anastomotic leakage after operation 2 (esophagectomy)

Grade 3b (Clavien-Dindo classification) or higher complications after operation 2 (esophagectomy)

30 day mortality after operation 2 (esophagectomy)

Paraffin embedded sections (10µm) will be stained by immunohistochemistry against CD31 (vessel density) or smooth-muscle-actin positive pericytes to characterize vascularity

A cytokine profile will be measured in the peripheral blood, consisting of VEGF, IL-8, IL-6, TNF-alpha and Ang-2

Redistribution of blood flow by measurement of indocyanine green (ICG)

Study title	NCT ID	Conditions	Interventions	Eligibility	Organization	Link
Laparoscopic Ischemic Conditioning Prior to Esophagectomy	NCT03896399	Esophageal Canc...	Laparoscopic is...	18 Years -	UMC Utrecht
Laparoscopic Ischemic Conditioning Prior to Esophagectomy	NCT03896399	Esophageal Canc...	Laparoscopic is...	18 Years -	UMC Utrecht

Spots Global Cancer Trial Database for laparoscopic ischemic conditioning followed by esophagectomy