Behaviors and Mental Disorders

All Conditions

Neoplasms

Anxiety Disorders

Depressive Disorder

Depression

Head and Neck Neoplasms

Quality of Life

ACT will be conducted in a group of 10 for each session. The ACT modules covered over 8 sessions, 1 hour in each session. The sessions will be held every week according to the patient's appointment date for chemotherapy treatment.

MBSR will be conducted in a group of 10 for each session. The MBSR modules covered over 8 sessions, 1 hour in each session. The sessions will be held every week according to the patient's appointment date for chemotherapy treatment.

The subjects in the control group will be assigned in the wait-list where either ACT or MBSR will be provided after the study has been completed.

ACT is a third generation cognitive behavioral approach which uses acceptance and mindfulness processes, and commitment and behavior change processes to produce psychological flexibility. ACT increase adaptive coping through acceptance, cognitive defusion, mindfulness, and perspective-taking exercises while supporting cancer survivors in aligning behavior with their personal values. The objectives of the therapy are for client to learn to focus on behaviors and actions that are in line with their individual values - the things they care about most. ACT facilitates development and maintenance of health behavioral improvements by targeting internal barriers, such as emotional discomfort and self-defeating thoughts, and by fostering connection and commitment to personal values associated with self-management of positive health behaviors. ACT is useful in cancer patients, because it can help them to deal with the negative emotions caused by cancer instead of avoiding these.

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)

The term 'mindfulness' refers to mindful awareness as a way of being - a knowing and experiencing of feelings, thoughts, and perceptions as they arise and pass away each moment. It is a way of relating to all experiences in an open, receptive way, without judging experiences as good or bad (grasping at them or pushing them away). Mindfulness employed two styles of meditations: concentrative meditation involves intentionally focusing attention on a chosen object (e.g. the sensations of breathing) in a sustained way, while receptive meditation involves monitoring the content of experience (e.g. sensations, emotions, thoughts, sounds, etc.) in a non-reactive and non-judgmental way, from moment to moment, with the goal being to recognize the nature of emotional and cognitive patterns. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) is an 8-week, standardized group intervention consisting of mindfulness meditation and gentle yoga that is designed to have applications for stress, pain, and illness

Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR)

Mohammad Farris Iman Leong Bin Abdullah, Dr Psych

Nurul Izzah Shari, PhD

Head and neck cancer is a group of biologically similar cancers which cause deleterious impact, such as the complication of facial disfigurement which may increase the psychological vulnerability of patients due to the society's emphasis on physical attractiveness. The appearance of facial disfigurement can increase depression and reduced quality of life (QoL) in head and neck cancer patients. Among the positive psychology developed in cancer patients despite their negative experience of cancer and the adverse effects of its treatment are posttraumatic growth (PTG) and hope which may enhance the QoL of cancer patients. Several psychosocial interventions have been suggested to enhance positive psychology in cancer patients and increase in their QoL. Among the psychosocial interventions shown to be promising include mindfulness-based intervention and newer psychosocial intervention, such as acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). Data is lacking on the efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on enhancing positive psychology (such as PTG, optimism and hope) and QoL, while reducing depression and anxiety among head and neck cancer patients. This is a multicentre 3-armed longitudinal double blind randomized control trial aimed to test the study hypotheses of:

1. Head and neck cancer patients in the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) group reported significantly increase in posttraumatic growth (PTG), hope, optimism, and quality of life as well as significantly reduced depression, anxiety, and experiential avoidance compared with those in the control group at post-intervention and 6 months after intervention when compared with pre-intervention.
2. Head and neck cancer patients in the mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) group reported significantly increase in posttraumatic growth (PTG), hope, optimism, and quality of life as well as significantly reduced depression, anxiety, and experiential avoidance compared with those in the control group at post-intervention and 6 months after intervention when compared with pre-intervention.
3. There are no difference in the increase in posttraumatic growth (PTG), hope, optimism and quality of life, and decrease in depression, anxiety, and experiential avoidance between the MBSR and ACT groups at post-intervention and 6 months after intervention.

As head and neck cancer differ from other types of cancer due to the complication of facial disfigurement which may increase the psychological vulnerability of patients due to the society's emphasis on physical attractiveness. Moreover, a number of devastating complications of the cancer itself and the side effects of its treatment such as fatigue, pain, problem with speech and swallowing, breathing problem, mucositis, xerostomia, and trismus which further exerts detrimental effects on many functions and activities of daily living which causes further psychological distress and decreasing quality of life. Hence, it is of utmost importance to investigate on psychosocial interventions which could enhance PTG, hope, optimism and QoL as well as reducing internalized stigma and experiential avoidance of head and neck cancer patients which in turn bring about the ultimate outcome of restoring mental and physical well-being of the cancer survivors. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) have been reported to enhance positive psychology and alleviate psychological distress in cancer patients. But the effect of ACT and MBSR on PTG, hope, optimism, QoL, depression, anxiety and experiential avoidance among head and neck cancer patients have not been studied. Hence, there is a need to conduct a 3-armed randomized control trial to evaluate the effects of ACT and MBSR on PTG, hope, optimism, QoL, internalized stigma and experiential avoidance compared with control group with no intervention across time.

Below are the objectives of this study:

General objective:

To examine the effects of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on posttraumatic growth (PTG), hope, optimism, quality of life, depression, anxiety, and experiential avoidance among head and neck cancer patients.

Specific objectives:

1. To examine the changes in the degree of posttraumatic growth (PTG), hope, optimism, quality of life, depression, anxiety, and experiential avoidance of head and neck cancer patients in the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) group compared with those in the control group at post-intervention, 6 months and 12 months after intervention compared with pre-intervention.
2. To examine the changes in the degree of posttraumatic growth (PTG), hope, optimism, quality of life, depression, anxiety, and experiential avoidance of head and neck cancer patients in the mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) group compared with those in the control group at post-intervention, 6 months and 12 months after intervention compared with pre-intervention.
3. To determine whether there are any difference in the changes in the degree of posttraumatic growth (PTG), hope, optimism, quality of life, depression, anxiety, and experiential avoidance between those in the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) group and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) group at post-intervention, 6 months and 12 months after intervention.

Study Setting:

The study will be conducted the Oncology and Otorhinolaryngology unit of Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia and Oncology and Otorhinolaryngology unit of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre. The Oncological and Otorhinolaryngology units of AMDI, USM have about 200-250 registered head and neck cancer patients currently under follow up. These units receive new cases of head and neck cancer every week. While the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Department of Oncology of UKMMC have an estimated 350-400 registered head and neck cancer patients while the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of UKMMC has an estimated 100-150 registered oral cancer patients under follow up (oral cancer is grouped under head and neck cancer).

Study design:

This is a multicentre 3-armed longitudinal double blind randomized control trial which is expected to run for a duration of 3 years (from July 2021 to June 2024).

Sample size:

The sample size is determined based on G-Power 3.1.9.2 for repeated measures, between-within interaction ANOVA. Based on the previous study, the sample size was calculated based on the continuous response, Post-traumatic growth inventory from the study conducted by Labelle et al. (2014), with medium effect size (0.23), an alpha of 0.05, two-tailed. The results indicated that the total sample of 63 for three equal-sized groups is needed to achieve a power of 0.95. In anticipation of a drop-out rate of 30%, the estimation for sample size is 90 respondents for total respondents and 30 respondents for each group.

Sampling method:

Sampling method use in this study is by consecutive sampling.

Recruitment of subjects:

The participants were recruited from the source population which included all newly diagnosed head and neck cancer patients who has been treated only with surgery or still remain untreated registered under the Oncology and Otorhinolaryngology unit of Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia and Oncology and Otorhinolaryngology unit of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre. These patients will be approached by the research team and explained on the study objectives and procedures.

Randomization:

Participants will be randomized into three groups, such as acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) group, mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) group and control group on waiting list. The participants will be randomized into one of the three groups in a 1:1:1 allocation ratio by block randomization. The allocation sequence is concealed in opaque, sequential numbered envelope.

Data collection:

Data collection is carried out by a research assistant who is not involved in conduct of the study and data analysis. In the pre-intervention phase (T1), the participants in all three groups are administered the following questionnaires:

(i) Socio-demographic and clinical questionnaire which includes age, gender, marital status, employment, education, monthly income, religion, stage of cancer and type of head and neck cancer.

(ii) The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form (PTGI-SF) to assess the degree of PTG of the participants (iii) The Dispositional Hope Scale to assess the degree of hope of the participants (iv) The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to assess the severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms (v) The Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) to assess the degree of optimism (vi) The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II) to assess the degree of experiential avoidance (vii) The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Head \& Neck (FACT-H \& N) to assess the degree of quality of life

Then the assessments with the following questionnaires are repeated immediately post-intervention (T2) and 6 months after intervention (T3) among participants in all the three groups:

(i) The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form (PTGI-SF) to assess the degree of PTG of the participants (ii) The Dispositional Hope Scale to assess the degree of hope of the participants (iii) The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to assess the severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms (iv) The Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) to assess the degree of optimism (v) The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II) to assess the degree of experiential avoidance (vi) The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Head \& Neck (FACT-H \& N) to assess the degree of quality of life

Blinding:

The participants will be blinded for the study as randomization into designated groups are conducted by a research assistant not involved in the study and the allocation is concealed in opaque, sequential numbered envelope. Therefore, the participants will not know which group they are allocated to. Although participants in the ACT and MBSR groups undergo psychosocial intervention earlier, the participants in the control group (who are assigned in the waitlist) will also undergo ACT once they have completed assessments at three-time frames (T1, T2, and T3). All the participants will also be blinded regarding the hypotheses of the study.

The researchers will be blinded for the study as randomization of participants into designated groups are conducted by a research assistant not involved in the conducting the study and data analysis. Data collection will also be caried out by the research assistant who is not involved in conducting the study and data analysis and blinded regarding the hypotheses of the study. Moreover, the data analysis will be performed out by statisticians who are not involved in conducting the study and blinded regarding the hypotheses of the study.

Interventions:

Both ACT and MBSR intervention will be conducted in a group of 10 for each session. The ACT and MBSR modules covered over 8 sessions, 1 hour in each session. The sessions will be held every week according to the patient's appointment date for chemotherapy treatment.

Therapists:

The trainee therapists are two post-graduate students who enrolled in their Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in psychology. They received training approximately 16 hours of ACT intervention and 16 hours of MBSR intervention. In ACT intervention training, trainee therapists will learn about general core concepts of ACT, principals, model, framework, and philosophy. Besides, they also will learn how to apply ACT therapy including engagement with each element in hexaflex, integrating exercises, metaphors, techniques, and mindfulness in ACT sessions and clinical practices. In the MBSR training, the trainee therapists will learn the basic overview and concepts of MBSR including mindfulness, body scan and yoga. Besides, they also will experiential learning about formal and informal practices, recording and home practices.

Data analysis:

Data analysis will be performed using SPSS version 26 software. Descriptive statistics will be used to analyze demographic data while inference analyses will be used to evaluate the significant difference between intervention and waitlist groups. In order to identify the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on the measured variables, several tests will be carried out. The comparison of mean differences pre-intervention (T1), post-treatment (T2) and 6 months after intervention (T3) will be examined to determine whether any changes in the measured variables (PTG, hope, optimism, QoL, depression, anxiety, and experiential avoidance) in the ACT, MBSR and control groups across the three timelines by using repeated measure ANOVA. Then, the mean differences of measured variables (PTG, hope, optimism, QoL, depression, anxiety, and experiential avoidance) between ACT, MBSR and control groups at each timeline will be determined by using the one-way ANOVA. The effect sizes will be calculated to determine how substantially patients' perception towards measured variables changed with and without ACT and MBSR interventions. Statistical significance is set at p \< 0.05 and two-tailed.

RCT of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Versus Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction in Head and Neck Cancer

Randomized Controlled Trial of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Versus Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction in Newly Diagnosed Head and Neck Cancer: Assessing Their Effect on Positive Psychology, Depression, Anxiety, and Quality of Life

Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form (PTGI-SF) is the shorter version of the original Posttraumatic Growth Inventory and consists of 10 items where each of the 5 factors in posttraumatic growth is measured by 2 items. The higher the PTGI-SF score, the higher the level of posttraumatic growth in the individual being assessed. PTGI could be substituted by PTGI-SF with little loss of information. The PTGI-SF Malay version has good internal consistency which demonstrated Cronbach's alpha of 0.887 with the Cronbach's alpha of the 5 factors ranging from 0.700 to 0.813. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) gave a good score of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.67-0.81). Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated 5 factors in which there are 2 items for each factor as in the original version of PTGI-SF. In this study, it is used to assess level of posttraumatic growth among the participants.

Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Head \& Neck (FACT-H \& N) is a self-reported tool which measures quality of life in patients with head and neck cancer. FACT-HN consists of 39 items and consists of 5 subscales: physical well-being (7 items), social/family well-being (7 items), emotional well-being (6 items), functional well-being (7 items) and head \& neck cancer additional concerns (12 items). Each item is scored in a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 0= Not at all to 4= Very much. The higher the score, the greater is the degree of QoL. The tool also registered excellent psychometric properties. The FACT-H \& N has been translated and validated in the Malaysian cancer population. All the subscales have moderate to good internal consistency with Cronbach's α ranging from 0.65 to 0.87. In this study, it is used to assess level of QoL among the participants.

Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II) measured experiential avoidance or psychological inflexibility. AAQ II is the second version and revised from the original version which consists of a shorter version (7 items) with better psychometric consistency. The scores were calculated by summing up the seven items. Higher scores indicated higher levels of psychological inflexibility. Validation of the Malay version of the AAQ-II indicated that the tool had excellent internal consistency with Cronbach's α of 0.91 and was a unidimensional scale that measured psychological inflexibility/experiential avoidance. In this study, it is used to assess the degree experiential avoidance in the participants.

The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a self-rated questionnaire that assesses patients' severity of anxiety and depression using seven items designated for depression subscale and seven items for anxiety subscale. Each item scores from 0 to 3, and the range of total score for both depressive and anxiety subscales ranged from 0 to 21 per subscale. The cut-off for caseness of depression is 8/21 and the cut-off for caseness of anxiety is also 8/21. The anxiety subscale has a sensitivity of 0.9 and specificity of 0.78 and the depression subscale has a sensitivity of 0.83 and specificity of 0.79. The Malay version of HADS has been validated in Malaysian breast cancer patients and exhibited acceptable to good internal consistency for its total score and subscales with Cronbach's α ranging from 0.73 to 0.87.

Dispositional Hope Scale is a self-rated 12 items scale which assesses the responder's level of hope. It comprised of 2 subscales which incorporates Snyder's cognitive model of hope i.e. (a) Agency (goal-directed energy) and (b) Pathways (planning to accomplish goals). 4 of the 12 items assess agency while another 4 items assess pathways. The other 4 items are fillers. Each item is scored using Likert-point scale from Definitely False to Definitely True. The Malay version of Hope Scale demonstrated Cronbach's alpha of 0.716. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) gave a good score of 0.67 (95% CI: 0.57-0.75). Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated 2 factors in which there are 4 items for each factor as in the original version of Hope Scale. In this study, it is used to assess level of hope among the participants.

The Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) has 6 coded items with 3 framed in each direction, which are optimism and pessimism. The revision omitted or rewrote items that did not focus on explicit expectations. It has good internal consistency and stable over time. The positive and negative subsets are more strongly related to each other than those in the original Life Orientation Test. The Malay version of LOT-R demonstrated intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) gave a good score of 0.62 (95% CI: 0.50-0.71). Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated 2 factors in which there are 3 items for each factor as in the original version of LOT-R with factor loading ranging from 0.46 to 0.72. In this study, it is used to assess the level of optimism of the participants.

Xinxiang medical university

Universiti Sains Malaysia

Symptoms and General Pathology

Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases

Nervous System Diseases

Blood and Lymph Conditions

Musculoskeletal Diseases

Asthenia

Fatigue

Breast Neoplasms

Parasomnias

Lymphedema

Muscle Weakness

Dyssomnias

Pain

Paresis

Breast Diseases

Skin Diseases

Lymphatic Diseases

Behavioral Symptoms

Muscular Diseases

Neuromuscular Manifestations

Neurologic Manifestations

Central Nervous System Depressants

All Drugs and Chemicals

Other Dietary Supplements

Benzocaine

Tannic Acid

The group randomized to Dance intervention will receive a 3-week intervention with belly dance classes. The classes will be divided in: Warm up and stretching (10 minutes), Main part with belly dance steps and movements (40 minutes) and relaxation (10 minutes).

The group randomized to Pilates intervention will receive a 3-week intervention with Pilates Methods. The classes will be divided in: Warm up and stretching (10 minutes), Main part with Pilates exercises (40 minutes) and relaxation (10 minutes).

The group randomized to Control group will be invited to maintain routine activities and be contacted by phone every two months and will receive an explanatory booklet on the benefits of physical activity after diagnosis of breast cancer as well as instructions on lymphedema prevention. Also, this group will be invited to three meeting during the 16 weeks of intervention, the first meeting will focus on stretching exercise to develop at home, a second meeting will be about self-esteem and the last meeting will be about prevented of lymphedema. The women in this group will not receive a dance or pilates intervention.

The Dance intervention will be performed with belly dance methods. It will occur 3 times per week, during 16 weeks, with 60 minutes the session.

Dance

The Pilates intervention will be performed using specific exercises of Pilates Methods. During the classes it will be used thera band, toning ball and pilates ball. It will occur 3 times per week, during 16 weeks, with 60 minutes the session.

Pilates

Leonessa Boing, MSc

Adriana CA Guimarães, PhD

Tatiana B Fretta

Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in Brazil, and its treatment, namely surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy or hormone therapy, has consequences and side effects that significantly affect the quality of life and associated physical and psychological factors. The practice of physical activity, in turn, may play a beneficial role in these factors, and help the recovery of the patient in relation to the consequences of the treatments. Two types of physical activity can be addressed in the context of breast cancer; Dance and the Pilates method. Thus, the objective of the present study will be to analyze the impact of Pilates practice and dance on quality of life and on psychological and physical factors in patients undergoing adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. Patients older than 18 years who are in adjuvant treatment, namely, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and / or hormone therapy at the Oncology Research Center - CEPON, will be invited to be part of the study. With a randomized clinical trial of three arms, the patients will be submitted to 16 weeks of intervention, and randomized in 3 groups: (A) belly dance protocol group; (B) Pilates method protocol group, and (C) control group who will continue with their routine activities. Sample randomization will be conducted in confidence by one of the researchers in a specific computer program. Information about personal and clinical characteristics, quality of life, psychological factors (depressive symptoms, body image, self-esteem, optimism, perceived stress, fatigue, pain, sexual function and sleep quality) and physical factors (cardiorespiratory fitness, balance , Posture, upper limb functionality and presence of lymphedema). All information will be collected before and after the intervention period. Statistical analysis will use the statistical package SPSS - IBM, version 20.0. Firstly, descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation and percentage) will be used in order to know the data, and then the Anova two way test with repeated measurements and Sydak Comparison Test, in order to analyze the data. Groups of the Pilates method, of the dance and control group. Significance level of 5%.

The MoveMama Project includes two protocols: (1) Dance and (2) Pilates. Each session for each modality will last 60 minutes, three times a week, for 16 weeks.

In both groups, a chart of patient evolution will be developed during the protocol, which should be updated every week by the researchers responsible for the intervention. In order to control the intensity and safety of the practice of physical activity, since they are about patients who are in period of clinical adjuvant treatment. In this way, the blood pressure (BP), through a sphygmomanometer, and the investigation of the heart rate (HR) will be performed in every first class of the week at the beginning and end of the session.

The Subjective Effort Perception Scale - Borg Scale 6-20 points (BORG, 2000) will also be used to evaluate the intensity and / or discomfort during physical activity practice in both protocols. This 6 to 20-point scale can be used efficiently because of its relationship to heart rate. It should be applied to describe resting sensations to situations of maximum physical effort, considering number six equivalent to 60 bpm (beats per minute), as well as number 20 to 200 bpm (Table 2) (FOSS et al., 2000).

In both modalities of intervention, the evolution of the movements of upper limbs will always be respecting the limit of each patient.

The dance protocol (1) will be performed through the belly dance method. This type of methodology was selected, because it is a practice that involves an intimate relationship between movement and emotion, awakens a spontaneous body language that privileges movements that respect the individuality of each practitioner, for the recovery of the feminine identity, and for be a practice that proposes intense movements of the upper limbs, benefiting patients directly.

Classes will proceed in the following order: (a) Initial stretching: The sequence of movements lesson will span wide to specific joint movements, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and rotation, initiated by the upper body until reaching the lower limbs, with an expected duration of 10 minutes. (b) Main part: brief explanations about the purpose of the lesson, that is, the theory of dance or the specific step to be worked, followed by the practical part of teaching the technique. The purpose of this moment will be to develop in the students the movements of the belly dance technique, stimulating the motor coordination, the rhythm and the corporal consciousness, improving aspects of the flexibility and the range of movement of the upper limb. The practice of the movements will be explored in individual dynamics, in double or in group, involving the movement according to the rhythm of the music, or also, by rhythms stipulated by the students. This class session will last an average of 40 minutes. (c) Relaxation: Developed from slow-moving practices. With normalization of cardiac frequency, this part will last 10 minutes. Finally, at the end of each class, a brief discussion will be carried out on each student's perception of the contents given, and in relation to the objectives discussed at the beginning of the lesson, whether they were reached or not.

The Pilates protocol (2) will proceed in the following order: (a) Initial stretching: The breathig, imprint \& release, hip release, spinal rotation, cat stretch, hip rolls, scapula isolation, arm circles, head nods and elevation \& depression of scapulae exercises will be performed during warm-up in all sessions, then in the 10th session Added theraband, tonning ball and ball, intensifying the exercises. Duration of 10 minutes. (b) Main part: brief explanations about the purpose of the lesson, the theory of Pilates, the basic principles of Joseph Pilates: breathing, centering, control, precision, fluency and concentration. Clarify the positions: positioning of the pelvis, positioning of the rib cage, stabilization and movement of the shoulder girdle and positioning of the head and cervical spine. This part will include the specific exercises in Pilates. The practice of the movements will be explored in individual dynamics. This class session will last an average of 40 minutes. (c) Relaxation: The relaxation will consist of the exercises: sitting on the ball, sitting on the spine stretch forward ball, sitting on the self-stretching ball of the cervical muscles (Upper Trapezius and Muscle Scalene muscles) and active mobilization of the cervical spine during the 48 sessions. Duration of 10 minutes.

A randomized clinical trial, three-arm study (group 1 - Dance; group 2 - Pilates and group 3 - Control), single-blinded.

Pilates and Dance to Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Treatment

Pilates and Dance to Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Treatment: MoveMama Project

European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30 and BR23). Scores range from zero to 100, and the higher the score, the better the quality of life on functional and general health scales, and the smaller the score, worse is the quality of life on the symptomatic scale.

Beck's Depression Inventory - The scores goes from 0 to 63, and the higher score indicates more presence of depressive symptoms.

Body Image After Breast Cancer (BIBCQ) - Scores 0 to 45. Higher the score worst is the body image.

Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale - Scores 0 to 40 points. Higher the score better is the self-esteem.

Life Orientation Test - (LOT-R) 0 to 40. It is determined that the higher the score, the greater the patients' optimism.

Perceived Stress Scale - Scores 0 to 56 points. Higher scores are associated with greater perceived stress.

Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Fatigue (FACT-F) - Scores 0 to 52, a higher score indicates a level of less perceived fatigue.

Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) - Scores 2 to 36 points, considering that the higher the score obtained, the better the sexual function of the woman.

Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index - Scores 0 to 21, scores up to five determine a quality sleep ball, and scores greater than five points distinguish poor sleep quality.

Visual Analog Scale - 0 to 10 points. Nearer to 10 indicates more pain.

International Physical Activity Questionnaire - sedentary; insufficiently active; and very active and minutes per day.

Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) - Scores 0 to 100. Higher the score worse the functionality of the upper limb.

Chatillôn® Portable Digital Dynamometer - Maximal force in Newton.

Postural evaluation - Postural alterations; Hyperlordosis; Hyperkyphosis; Shoulder protrusion; Scoliosis; Pelvic anteversion; Valgus genus; Anterior head.

Sit and reach test - Wells Bank - Maximum of the line.

MINIBESTest Equilibrium Assessment Systems Test - Each item is scored on a four-point ordinal scale, in which zero is the worst performance and three best performance.

Submaximal incremental exercise test (85% of maximum heart rate - HRmax) will be performed using a cycle ergometer (Lode Excalibur Sport, Groningen, the Netherlands).

Study title	NCT ID	Conditions	Interventions	Eligibility	Organization
RCT of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Versus Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction in Head and Neck Cancer	NCT04800419	Cancer of Head ...	Acceptance and ... Mindfulness-bas...	18 Years -	Universiti Sains Malaysia
Pilates and Dance to Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Treatment	NCT03194997	Breast Cancer Quality of Life Lymphedema Fatigue Depressive Symp... Body Image Self Esteem Optimism Sexual Function... Stress Sleep Disturban... Pain Muscular Weakne... Postural Balanc... Range of Motion Cardiorespirato...	Dance Pilates	18 Years -	Laboratório de Pesquisa em Lazer e Atividade Física
Pilates and Dance to Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Treatment	NCT03194997	Breast Cancer Quality of Life Lymphedema Fatigue Depressive Symp... Body Image Self Esteem Optimism Sexual Function... Stress Sleep Disturban... Pain Muscular Weakne... Postural Balanc... Range of Motion Cardiorespirato...	Dance Pilates	18 Years -	Laboratório de Pesquisa em Lazer e Atividade Física

Spots Global Cancer Trial Database for optimism

Every month we try and update this database with for optimism cancer trials from around the world to help patients and their families find trials that might be right for them.
We offer this 100% free of charge and do not endorse any of the trials listed here, we hope it helps you or a loved one.

Spots Global Cancer Trial Database for optimism

Every month we try and update this database with for optimism cancer trials from around the world to help patients and their families find trials that might be right for them. We offer this 100% free of charge and do not endorse any of the trials listed here, we hope it helps you or a loved one.

Every month we try and update this database with for optimism cancer trials from around the world to help patients and their families find trials that might be right for them.
We offer this 100% free of charge and do not endorse any of the trials listed here, we hope it helps you or a loved one.