Neoplasms

Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases

All Conditions

Behaviors and Mental Disorders

Breast Neoplasms

Breast Diseases

Skin Diseases

Quality of Life

Central Nervous System Depressants

All Drugs and Chemicals

Other Dietary Supplements

Benzocaine

Tannic Acid

Patients will perform a supervised physical exercise program specifically developed for breast cancer patients, based on the guidelines of the American College of Sports Medicine. The physical exercise program comprises 3 weekly sessions of 60 minutes each. Each session will involve an initial warm-up with light mobility exercises, followed by resistance and aerobic training and ending with a return to calm phase of light stretching exercises.

Patients should maintain the usual physical activity

Frequency: 3 weekly sessions. Intensity of aerobic training: reporting 12-17 in the Borg scale. Time of aerobic training: 10 minutes in the first and second weeks and then 2 added minutes at each 2 weeks. Type of aerobic training: walking and stepping. Intensity of resistance training: without load in the first week and, then, 15 submaximal repetitions. Time of resistance training: 30 minutes. Type of resistance training: using free weights; the lower body exercises will be squat, leg extension, leg curl and calf raise; the upper body exercises will be frontal and lateral arm raise, chest press, seated row and bicep curl.

Physical exercise program

Ana Joaquim, MD

A 16 weeks 3-weekly supervised and adapted physical exercise program will be applied to breast cancer survivors in surveillance and, in estrogen receptor positive cases, under hormonotherapy. The program will be applied in group classes of 20 participants, in the facilities of one local gymnasium, by fitness instructors included in the investigation team. Investigators will evaluate the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), physical activity, cardiopulmonary fitness, upper limb strength and lower limb functionality. The investigators also aim to evaluate the safety of the program and oncological outcomes such as symptoms related to disease and its treatment and, also, overall survival and disease free survival.

This protocol describes a two-arm prospective non randomized trial that will test the HRQoL effect of a 16 weeks 3-weekly supervised and adapted physical exercise program that combines muscle strength and aerobic training with progressive intensity. The benefits of physical exercise programs in breast cancer survivors is well known. However, the studied programs usually are not generalizable because of needs of specialized exercise professionals and materials. The investigators aim to evaluate if it is possible to obtain the same benefits in HRQoL, physical activity, cardiopulmonary fitness, upper limb strength and lower limb functionality when the program is applied in group classes by trained fitness instructors with exercise strategies based in limited material. Maximum participants of each group class is 20. Each participant will pass through a 16 weeks control phase, during which should maintain the usual physical activity and, then, through a 16 weeks study phase, during which undergoes the physical exercise program. In each phase, the participants will be serially evaluated. During the 32 weeks, each participant will pass through 5 evaluation moments: at baseline, at 8 weeks, at 16 weeks before beginning the study phase, at 8 weeks of physical exercise and 16 weeks of physical exercise at the end of the program. After, investigators aim to evaluate each participant at 3, 6 and 12 months ant, then, yearly.

Effects of a Physical Exercise Program in Quality of Life of Breast Cancer Survivors

European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire Core-30 (QLQ-C30). This is a patient-reported questionnaire composed of both multi-item scales and single-item measures. These include five functional scales, three symptom scales, a global health status / QoL scale, and six single items. All of the scales and single-item measures range in score from 0 to 100.A high scale score represents a higher response level. Thus a high score for a functional scale represents a high / healthy level of functioning, a high score for the global health status / QoL represents a high QoL, but a high score for a symptom scale / item represents a high level of symptomatology / problems.

Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho

Aveiro University

University Institute of Maia

Associacao de Investigacao de Cuidados de Suporte em Oncologia

Principal investigator

Respiratory Tract (Lung and Bronchial) Diseases

Lung Neoplasms

Whey Protein

Immediately after randomization, until surgery and to be continued for 8 weeks after surgery, patients in this arm will:

1. Receive a personalized physical exercise program
2. Receive nutritional counselling with whey protein isolate powder
3. Receive relaxation techniques

Patients in this arm will receive the same personalized physical exercise program, nutritional intervention and relaxation techniques as patient in the other arm but to be started after surgery.

Nutritional counselling is given to patients to ensure their daily proteins and energy requirements are met. Whey Protein Isolate Posder (Immunocal) is provided.

Immunocal (1.5g/kg PO (by mouth) per day in daily doses

Whey Protein Isolate Powder

Physical exercises personalized by a kinesiologist consisting of walking or stationary bike and elastic band exercises.

Physical Exercise Program

Relaxation techniques consisting of breathing exercises and using a relaxation CD

Relaxation Techniques

Franco Carli, MD

The investigators propose a randomized controlled study in patients undergoing lung resection for cancer to compare the impact of multimodal intervention composed of exercise, nutritional supplement and psychological well-being on functional exercise capacity. One group (rehabilitation group) will receive the multimodal intervention after surgery for 8 weeks; the other will start 4 weeks before surgery and continue for 8 weeks postop (prehabilitation group). In this case, both groups will be exposed to the program, which will be available to both groups postoperatively. One of the two groups will start this program 4 weeks before surgery and continue for 8 weeks postoperatively, and the other will start once they leave the hospital and continue for 8 weeks postoperatively.

Interventions

The multidisciplinary program is composed of 3 elements: exercise, nutritional supplements and psychological coping strategies

Exercise program

Patients will be seen by a kinesiologist for a period of 1 hour and he/she will assess patients' mobility and capacity to undertake exercise, will prepare a personalized program and will explain and monitor the exercise program. Patients will be instructed on how to conduct aerobic exercise in the lab and at home, by either walking or cycling initially at 50% of the calculated heart rate reserve for 20 min three times per week, and this will be increased in stepwise increments by 10% each week, if tolerable.

Muscular resistance training will be also carried out 3 times a week to avoid muscle soreness. Persons will be instructed to do push-up, sit-ups, and standing strides (lunges) until volitional fatigue increasing this number to reach 12 repetitions. The resistance chosen for strengthening of biceps, deltoids and quadriceps will be based on what the person can lift to reach volitional fatigue with 8 repetitions.

Psychological program

It is expected that patients undergoing surgery for cancer are anxious with some component of depression. Since both anxiety and depression can influence the motivation to carry out social and functional activities, psychological strategies can be put in place to help patients to cope with the stress of surgery and disease. For this reason patients will be seen by a trained psychologist. Patients will receive a total of 1.5 hours of psychological intervention in the first session and more sessions if necessary.

In the first preoperative session, the first hour will address the patient's anxieties, coping strategies, and post-operative expectations, with the goal of optimizing psychological well-being \& ways of coping with surgery. The importance of the patient's active participation in the healing process will also be discussed. The last thirty minutes will be devoted to teaching relaxation techniques and breathing exercises. Patients will be given a relaxation CD to take home for practice.

Nutritional supplementation

The nutritional status of patients affected by lung cancer is directly influenced by the presence of cancer, which impacts on all aspects of intermediary (protein, carbohydrate, lipid, trace element, vitamin) metabolism, and by other factors such as age, adjuvant cancer therapy and stage of the disease. The greater sensitivity of protein catabolism to nutritional support, in particular to amino acids, could have important implications for the nutritional management of these patients during the period of catabolic stress, with particular emphasis on substrate utilization and energy requirement.

The patients' nutritional status and dietary intake will be assessed by the nutritionist. Percentage of lean body mass and fat percentage will be measured. All patients will receive a daily dietary supplement known as whey protein (Immunocal, Immunotec ©). Special precautions will be considered if patients have specific medical conditions (e.g. diabetes).

Multimodal Prehabilitation to Enhance Functional Recovery After Lung Surgery

The 6MWT evaluates the ability of an individual to maintain a moderate level of physical activity over a time period reflective of the activities of daily living. Subjects are instructed to walk back and forth, in a 20 m stretch of hallway, for six minutes, at a pace that would make them tired by the end of the walk; encouragement and feedback are given according to published guidelines.

The SF-36 incorporates behavioural functioning, subjective well-being and perceptions of health by assessing, on a 0 to 100 scale, eight health concepts: (1) Physical function (PF) -limitations in physical activities due to health problems; (2) Role physical (RP)-limitations in role activities due to physical health problems; (3) Role emotional (RE) -limitations in usual role activities due to emotional problems; (4) Social functioning (SF) -limitations in social activities due to health problems; (5) Bodily pain (BP)-pain; (6) General health (GH) -general health perceptions; (7) Vitality (VT) -energy and fatigue; and (8) Mental health (MH) -general mental health.

The FACT-L (functional assessment of cancer therapy lung) and EQ-5D, both validated measures, will be used to assess quality of life.

Physical activity level will be measured through the Community Health Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) questionnaire.

The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) will be used to assess anxiety and depression.

Nutritional status will be assessed using body, body weight loss over the preceding three months (\>10%), and/or serum albumin \< 35 g -1 will define poor nutritional status. Hand grip strength and body impedance will also be measured.

Immunotec Inc.

Franco Carli

Heart and Blood Diseases

Symptoms and General Pathology

Substance Related Disorders

Wounds and Injuries

Cardiotoxicity

Heart Diseases

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions

Chemically-Induced Disorders

Radiation Injuries

Participants will continue with their daily life and usual care.

Participants will participate in a physical exercise program with a preplanned intensity progression.

Participants will participate in a physical exercise program guide by participants' daily heart rate variability to plan the intensity progression.

The physical exercise programme will last 16 weeks where participants will do three weekly sessions of 60 minutes, approximately. In these training sessions, cardiovascular and strength components will be worked out, planned from moderate to high intensity in the TEG and unique high intensity in the HRVG. The training programme will be divided into three mesocycles from neuromuscular adaptation to reach, in last period, the highest loads and cardiovascular levels. Each session will include a warm-up, a main part and a cool-down with stretching and mobility exercises.

The difference between the interventions of the HRVG and TEG will be in the planning of the intensity of the cardiovascular exercises and the weight to be lifted in the strength exercises. The first session of both programmes will have the same intensity but depending on how the heart rate variability of the HRVG patients reacts to, the weight and the intensity will be individualised each day.

Ana Myriam Lavín-Pérez

Alfonso Jiménez, Professor

Daniel Collado-Mateo, PhD

Breast cancer is a chronic disease that has seen a boom in research into its treatments, improvements and effects in recent decades. These advances have also highlighted the need to use physical exercise as a countermeasure to reduce the cardiotoxicity of pharmacological treatments. Patients need a correct daily individualisation of the exercise dose necessary to produce the physiological, physical and psychological benefits. To this end, the present study will use, in a novel way in this population, heart rate variability (HRV) as a measure of training prescription. The primary objective of this randomised clinical trial is to analyse the effects of a physical exercise programme planned according to daily HRV in breast cancer patients after chemotherapy treatment. For this purpose, a 16-week intervention will be carried out with 90 breast cancer patients distributed in 3 groups (control group, conventional preprogrammed physical exercise training group and physical exercise group with HRV daily programming). Cardiorespiratory capacity, strength, flexibility, agility, balance, body composition, quality of life, fatigue, functionality, self-esteem, anxiety and depression of patients before and after the intervention will be evaluated in order to compare the effects of exercise and its programming.

The intervention of 16 weeks will include exercise programmes of 48 sessions conducted three times per week for two of the three study groups. These groups will be: a group participating in a conventional training programme, based on a preplanned intensity progression; and, a group of participants involved in an exercise programme which will vary the exercise intensity regarding patients' daily Heart Rate Variability. Each session will include a warm-up, the main part of cardiovascular and strength training and a cool-down including stretching exercises.

All the participants will be evaluated before and after the intervention measuring clinical, physical and psychosocial assessments. The clinical variables will be evaluated in patients' reference hospital and will involve medical history registers, cardiotoxicity variables, blood analysis and inflammatory factors measures. Physical and psychosocial variables measurement will be carried out in a sports centre and will include the assessment of: body composition, heart rate variability, cardiorespiratory capacity, upper and lower extremities' strength and flexibility, agility and balance, quality of life, fatigue, functionality, life satisfaction, self-esteem, anxiety and depression, shoulder mobility perception, kinesiophobia, physical activity level and exercise motivation.

Exercise Prescription Guided by Heart Rate Variability in Breast Cancer Patients

Effects of Physical Exercise, and Its Prescription Guided by Heart Rate Variability, on the Cardiotoxicity, Physical and Psychological Health of Breast Cancer Patients

A haemogram will be carried out to analyse patients' Troponin I and T to detect their cardiotoxicity levels. Troponin results will be reported in ng/L.

A haemogram will be carried out to analyse patients' Troponin I and T to detect their cardiotoxicity levels and the change produced after the intervention. Troponin results will be reported in ng/L.

A haemogram will be carried out to analyse patients' Troponin I and T to detect their cardiotoxicity levels and the changes produced 3 months after the intervention. Troponin results will be reported in ng/L.

A haemogram will be carried out to analyse patients' Troponin I and T to detect their cardiotoxicity levels and the changes produced 6 months after the intervention. Troponin results will be reported in ng/L.

A haemogram will be carried out to analyse patients' BNP to assess their cardiotoxicity levels. BNP results will be reported in pg/ml.

A haemogram will be carried out to analyse patients' BNP to assess their cardiotoxicity levels and the change produced after the intervention. BNP results will be reported in pg/ml.

A haemogram will be carried out to analyse patients' BNP to assess their cardiotoxicity levels and the change produced 3 after the intervention. BNP results will be reported in pg/ml.

A haemogram will be carried out to analyse patients' BNP to assess their cardiotoxicity levels and the change produced 6 after the intervention. BNP results will be reported in pg/ml.

An echocardiogram will be performed to measure left ventricular systolic and diastolic volume in mL.

An echocardiogram will be performed to measure left ventricular systolic and diastolic volume in mL and it changes after the intervention.

An echocardiogram will be performed to measure left ventricular systolic and diastolic volume in mL and it changes 3 months after the intervention.

An echocardiogram will be performed to measure left ventricular systolic and diastolic volume in mL and it changes 6 months after the intervention.

By an echocardiogram, patients' % of LVEF will be assessed due to its possible modification caused by cardiotoxicity.

By an echocardiogram, patients' % of LVEF will be assessed to measure its results and its change after the intervention.

By an echocardiogram, patients' % of LVEF will be assessed to measure its results and its change 3 months after the intervention.

By an echocardiogram, patients' % of LVEF will be assessed to measure its results and its change 6 months after the intervention.

The assessment of heart rate variability will be performed with a Polar chest strap and electrocardiogram. Participants will remain in the supine position for 10 minutes to correctly obtain 5 minutes of a stable signal. After removal of artefacts, the standard deviation time domains of all RR intervals (SDNN) in ms, the mean ad all RR intervals in ms and the root mean square of the sum of squared RR interval differences in ms (RMSSD) will be recorded.

The assessment of heart rate variability will be performed with a Polar chest strap and electrocardiogram. Participants will remain in the supine position for 10 minutes to correctly obtain 5 minutes of a stable signal. After removal of artefacts, the standard deviation time domains of all RR intervals (SDNN) in ms, the mean ad all RR intervals in ms and the root mean square of the sum of squared RR interval differences in ms (RMSSD) will be recorded after the intervention.

The assessment of heart rate variability will be performed with a Polar chest strap and electrocardiogram. Participants will remain in the supine position for 10 minutes to correctly obtain 5 minutes of a stable signal. After removal of artefacts, the standard deviation time domains of all RR intervals (SDNN) in ms, the mean ad all RR intervals in ms and the root mean square of the sum of squared RR interval differences in ms (RMSSD) will be recorded 3 months after the intervention.

The assessment of heart rate variability will be performed with a Polar chest strap and electrocardiogram. Participants will remain in the supine position for 10 minutes to correctly obtain 5 minutes of a stable signal. After removal of artefacts, the standard deviation time domains of all RR intervals (SDNN) in ms, the mean ad all RR intervals in ms and the root mean square of the sum of squared RR interval differences in ms (RMSSD) will be recorded 6 months after the intervention.

Daily heart rate variability will be measured using the HRV4Training application, a validated mobile application that allows HRV values to be obtained by photoplethysmography (rMSSD, SDNN, AVNN, pNN50 and heart rate).

The assessment of heart rate variability will be performed with a Polar chest strap and electrocardiogram. Participants will remain in the supine position for 10 minutes to correctly obtain 5 minutes of a stable signal. After removal of artefacts, the frequency measures of low frequency (LF, 0.04-0.15 Hz) in ms2 and n.u, high frequency (HF, 0.15-0.4 Hz) ms2 and n.u, total power in ms2 and LF/HF ratio will be calculated.

The assessment of heart rate variability will be performed with a Polar chest strap and electrocardiogram. Participants will remain in the supine position for 10 minutes to correctly obtain 5 minutes of a stable signal. After removal of artefacts, the frequency measures of low frequency (LF, 0.04-0.15 Hz) in ms2 and n.u, high frequency (HF, 0.15-0.4 Hz) ms2 and n.u, total power in ms2 and LF/HF ratio will be calculated after intervention.

The assessment of heart rate variability will be performed with a Polar chest strap and electrocardiogram. Participants will remain in the supine position for 10 minutes to correctly obtain 5 minutes of a stable signal. After removal of artefacts, the frequency measures of low frequency (LF, 0.04-0.15 Hz) in ms2 and n.u, high frequency (HF, 0.15-0.4 Hz) ms2 and n.u, total power in ms2 and LF/HF ratio will be calculated 3 months after the intervention.

The assessment of heart rate variability will be performed with a Polar chest strap and electrocardiogram. Participants will remain in the supine position for 10 minutes to correctly obtain 5 minutes of a stable signal. After removal of artefacts, the frequency measures of low frequency (LF, 0.04-0.15 Hz) in ms2 and n.u, high frequency (HF, 0.15-0.4 Hz) ms2 and n.u, total power in ms2 and LF/HF ratio will be calculated 6 months after the intervention.

Daily heart rate variability will be measured using the HRV4Training application, a validated mobile application that allows HRV values to be obtained by photoplethysmography (LF, HF, TP, LF/HF and recovery points)

A resting electrocardiogram will be used to obtain patients' normal values for heart rate measurements in bpm, I-axis and aVF, Q-T interval, QRS complex, S-T segment and T-wave, in ms. Moreover, resting heart rate will be assessed by a Polar chest band.

A resting electrocardiogram will be used to obtain patients' normal values for heart rate measurements in bpm, I-axis and aVF, Q-T interval, QRS complex, S-T segment and T-wave, in ms, and get after intervention results. Moreover, resting heart rate will be assessed by a Polar chest band.

A resting electrocardiogram will be used to obtain patients' normal values for heart rate measurements in bpm, I-axis and aVF, Q-T interval, QRS complex, S-T segment and T-wave, in ms, and get its results 3 months after the intervention. Moreover, resting heart rate will be assessed by a Polar chest band.

A resting electrocardiogram will be used to obtain patients' normal values for heart rate measurements in bpm, I-axis and aVF, Q-T interval, QRS complex, S-T segment and T-wave, in ms, and get its results 6 months after the intervention. Moreover, resting heart rate will be assessed by a Polar chest band.

Through a blood analysis TFN, in pg/mL, will be measured to evaluate patients' inflammation.

Through a blood analysis TFN, in pg/mL, will be measured to evaluate patients' inflammation after the intervention.

Through a blood analysis TFN, in pg/mL, will be measured to evaluate patients' inflammation 3 months after the intervention.

Through a blood analysis TFN, in pg/mL, will be measured to evaluate patients' inflammation 6 months after the intervention.

The inflammation will be assessed by blood interleukins will include IL-6, IL-8, IL-1b, IL-1ra and IL-10 values, in pg/m.

The inflammation will be assessed by blood interleukins will include IL-6, IL-8, IL-1b, IL-1ra and IL-10 values, in pg/m, immediately after the intervention.

The inflammation will be assessed by blood interleukins will include IL-6, IL-8, IL-1b, IL-1 and IL-10 values, in pg/m, 3 months after the intervention.

The inflammation will be assessed by blood interleukins will include IL-6, IL-8, IL-1b, IL-1ra and IL-10 values, in pg/m, 6 months after the intervention.

C-reactive protein (CRP), measured in mg/L will be evaluated to get patients' pro-inflammatory data.

C-reactive protein (CRP), measured in mg/L will be evaluated to get patients' pro-inflammatory data after the intervention.

C-reactive protein (CRP), measured in mg/L will be evaluated to get patients' pro-inflammatory data 3 months after the intervention.

C-reactive protein (CRP), measured in mg/L will be evaluated to get patients' pro-inflammatory data 6 months after the intervention.

Monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1), measured in pg/mL will be evaluated to get patients' pro-inflammatory data.

Monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1), measured in pg/mL will be evaluated to get patients' pro-inflammatory data after the intervention.

Monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1), measured in pg/mL will be evaluated to get patients pro-inflammatory data 3 months after the intervention.

Monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1), measured in pg/mL will be evaluated to get patients pro-inflammatory data 6 months after the intervention.

Glucose, in mg/dl, will be measure through a blood test due to be related to cancer prognosis and cardiovascular risk.

Glucose, in mg/dl, will be measure after intervention through a blood test due to be related to cancer prognosis and cardiovascular risk.

Low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein, measured in mg/dL, will be assessed by a blood test due to be related to cancer prognosis and cardiovascular risk.

Low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein, measured in mg/dL, will be measure after intervention by a blood test due to be related to cancer prognosis and cardiovascular risk.

Low-density lipoprotein and high-density, measured in mg/dL, will be measure 3 months after the intervention by a blood test due to be related to cancer prognosis and cardiovascular risk.

Low-density lipoprotein and high-density, measured in mg/dL, will be measure 6 months after the intervention by a blood test due to be related to cancer prognosis and cardiovascular risk.

Measurements of blood pressure will be performed using a validated oscillometer. Participants will remain at rest for five minutes before the assessment. They will place their left arm, on which the measurement will be taken, on the table so that the cuff is at the level of the heart, 2 cm from the elbow. In addition, any clothing that may alter the results shall be removed. Once in this position, the air tube of the cuff shall be placed on the front of the upper arm in line with the middle finger and the blue arrow on the cuff. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure data, measured in mmHg, shall be taken, and then the mean arterial pressure = (systolic blood pressure+ (2\*diastolic blood pressure))/3 shall be calculated.

Measurements of blood pressure after the intervention will be performed using a validated oscillometer. Participants will remain at rest for five minutes before the assessment. They will place their left arm, on which the measurement will be taken, on the table so that the cuff is at the level of the heart, 2 cm from the elbow. In addition, any clothing that may alter the results shall be removed. Once in this position, the air tube of the cuff shall be placed on the front of the upper arm in line with the middle finger and the blue arrow on the cuff. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure data, measured in mmHg, shall be taken, and then the mean arterial pressure = (systolic blood pressure+ (2\*diastolic blood pressure))/3 shall be calculated.

Measurements of blood pressure 3 months after the intervention will be performed using a validated oscillometer. Participants will remain at rest for five minutes before the assessment. They will place their left arm, on which the measurement will be taken, on the table so that the cuff is at the level of the heart, 2 cm from the elbow. In addition, any clothing that may alter the results shall be removed. Once in this position, the air tube of the cuff shall be placed on the front of the upper arm in line with the middle finger and the blue arrow on the cuff. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure data, measured in mmHg, shall be taken, and then the mean arterial pressure = (systolic blood pressure+ (2\*diastolic blood pressure))/3 shall be calculated.

Measurements of blood pressure 6 months after the intervention will be performed using a validated oscillometer. Participants will remain at rest for five minutes before the assessment. They will place their left arm, on which the measurement will be taken, on the table so that the cuff is at the level of the heart, 2 cm from the elbow. In addition, any clothing that may alter the results shall be removed. Once in this position, the air tube of the cuff shall be placed on the front of the upper arm in line with the middle finger and the blue arrow on the cuff. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure data, measured in mmHg, shall be taken, and then the mean arterial pressure = (systolic blood pressure+ (2\*diastolic blood pressure))/3 shall be calculated.

The weight assessment of body composition will be performed by impedance to obtain patients' global bodyweight, musculoskeletal mass, mineral mass, fat mass and upper and lower extremities segmental fat and lean mass weight. All the measures will be reported in kilograms.

The weight assessment of body composition after the intervention will be performed by impedance to obtain patients' global bodyweight, musculoskeletal mass, mineral mass, fat mass and upper and lower extremities segmental fat and lean mass weight. All the measures will be reported in kilograms.

The weight assessment of body composition 3 months after the intervention will be performed by impedance to obtain patients' global bodyweight, musculoskeletal mass, mineral mass, fat mass and upper and lower extremities segmental fat and lean mass weight. All the measures will be reported in kilograms.

The weight assessment of body composition 6 months after the intervention will be performed by impedance to obtain patients' global bodyweight, musculoskeletal mass, mineral mass, fat mass and upper and lower extremities segmental fat and lean mass weight. All the measures will be reported in kilograms

The assessment of the body fat percentage of the participants is a variable to be taken into consideration. Therefore, thought impedance patients' body fat percentage and upper and lower extremities segmental fat and lean mass percentages will be recorded.

The assessment of the body percentage of the participants is a variable to be taken into consideration. Therefore, thought impedance, patients' body fat percentage and upper and lower extremities segmental fat and lean mass percentages will be recorded after the intervention.

The assessment of the body percentage of the participants is a variable to be taken into consideration. Therefore, thought impedance, patients' body fat percentage and upper and lower extremities segmental fat and lean mass percentages will be recorded 3 months after the intervention.

The assessment of the body percentage of the participants is a variable to be taken into consideration. Therefore, thought impedance, patients' body fat percentage and upper and lower extremities segmental fat and lean mass percentages will be recorded 6 months after the intervention.

By employing also impedance body water evaluation, measured in liters, will be carried out.

By employing also impedance, body water evaluation, measured in liters, will be carried out after the intervention.

By employing also impedance, body water evaluation, measured in liters, will be carried out 3 months after the intervention.

By employing also impedance, body water evaluation, measured in liters, will be carried out 6 months after the intervention.

Patients' height and body perimeters will be assessed in centimeters. Especially, waist circumference, hip circumference, arm circumferences, leg circumferences will be measured following the guidelines set by the American College of Sports Medicine. Afterward, patients' height will be used together with their corresponding weight to calculate patients Body Mass Index.

Patients' height and body perimeters will be assessed in centimeters immediately after the intervention. Especially, waist circumference, hip circumference, arm circumferences, leg circumferences will be measured following the guidelines set by the American College of Sports Medicine. Afterward, patients' height will be used together with their corresponding weight to calculate patients Body Mass Index.

Patients' height and body perimeters will be assessed in centimeters 3 months after the end of the intervention. Especially, waist circumference, hip circumference, arm circumferences, leg circumferences will be measured following the guidelines set by the American College of Sports Medicine. Afterward, patients' height will be used together with their corresponding weight to calculate patients Body Mass Index.

Patients' height and body perimeters will be assessed in centimeters 6 months after the end of the intervention. Especially, waist circumference, hip circumference, arm circumferences, leg circumferences will be measured following the guidelines set by the American College of Sports Medicine. Afterward, patients' height will be used together with their corresponding weight to calculate patients Body Mass Index.

To record cardiorespiratory fitness, maximum heart rate and patients' perception of exertion, the Bruce incremental submaximal test (modified) was performed on a treadmill. During the test, the patients will wear a chest strap for heart rate monitoring. Thus, following the protocol created by Bruce, the treadmill will start with a 0% incline and a speed of 1.7 m/h which will be maintained for the first 3 minutes. Every 3 minutes, both the speed and the incline will be increased until the participants decide that their fatigue is too great to continue. At the end of the test, the recovery heart rate is recorded 1 minute after stopping the test to assess the recovery rate. Subsequently, the maximum oxygen consumption of each patient (VO2max = 2.282\* (time) + 8.545) will be calculated from the formula proposed by the creators.

To record cardiorespiratory fitness after the intervention, maximum heart rate and patients' perception of exertion, the Bruce incremental submaximal test (modified) was performed on a treadmill. During the test, the patients will wear a chest strap for heart rate monitoring. Thus, following the protocol created by Bruce, the treadmill will start with a 0% incline and a speed of 1.7 m/h which will be maintained for the first 3 minutes. Every 3 minutes, both the speed and the incline will be increased until the participants decide that their fatigue is too great to continue. At the end of the test, the recovery heart rate is recorded 1 minute after stopping the test to assess the recovery rate. Subsequently, the maximum oxygen consumption of each patient (VO2max = 2.282\* (time) + 8.545) will be calculated from the formula proposed by the creators.

To record cardiorespiratory fitness 3 months after the intervention, maximum heart rate and patients' perception of exertion, the Bruce incremental submaximal test (modified) was performed on a treadmill. During the test, the patients will wear a chest strap for heart rate monitoring. Thus, following the protocol created by Bruce, the treadmill will start with a 0% incline and a speed of 1.7 m/h which will be maintained for the first 3 minutes. Every 3 minutes, both the speed and the incline will be increased until the participants decide that their fatigue is too great to continue. At the end of the test, the recovery heart rate is recorded 1 minute after stopping the test to assess the recovery rate. Subsequently, the maximum oxygen consumption of each patient (VO2max = 2.282\* (time) + 8.545) will be calculated from the formula proposed by the creators.

To record cardiorespiratory fitness 6 months after the intervention, maximum heart rate and patients' perception of exertion, the Bruce incremental submaximal test (modified) was performed on a treadmill. During the test, the patients will wear a chest strap for heart rate monitoring. Thus, following the protocol created by Bruce, the treadmill will start with a 0% incline and a speed of 1.7 m/h which will be maintained for the first 3 minutes. Every 3 minutes, both the speed and the incline will be increased until the participants decide that their fatigue is too great to continue. At the end of the test, the recovery heart rate is recorded 1 minute after stopping the test to assess the recovery rate. Subsequently, the maximum oxygen consumption of each patient (VO2max = 2.282\* (time) + 8.545) will be calculated from the formula proposed by the creators.

Functional strength will be measure by the 30 seconds chair stand test. The patient will stand up, position herself fully stretched, and perform as many repetitions as possible in 30 seconds.

Functional strength will be measure by the 30 seconds chair stand test. The patient will stand up, positioning herself fully stretched, and perform as many repetitions as possible in 30 seconds.

The evaluation of maximal strength will be performed by using an encoder for the correct calculation of the Maximum Repetition (RM) from the speed and power generated by moving the weight vertically. The participants will perform 4 tests to assess the different muscular groups' strength (Back Squat Test, Deadlift Test, Lunge Test, Barbell Hip Thrust Test). Concretely, 4-5 repetitions will be performed with incremental weights where the speed of execution decreases.

The evaluation of maximal strength after the intervention will be performed by using an encoder for the correct calculation of the Maximum Repetition (RM) from the speed and power generated by moving the weight vertically. The participants will perform 4 tests to assess the different muscular groups' strength (Back Squat Test, Deadlift Test, Lunge Test, Barbell Hip Thrust Test). Concretely, 4-5 repetitions will be performed with incremental weights where the speed of execution decreases.

The evaluation of maximal strength 3 months after the intervention will be performed by using an encoder for the correct calculation of the Maximum Repetition (RM) from the speed and power generated by moving the weight vertically. The participants will perform 4 tests to assess the different muscular groups' strength (Back Squat Test, Deadlift Test, Lunge Test, Barbell Hip Thrust Test). Concretely, 4-5 repetitions will be performed with incremental weights where the speed of execution decreases.

The evaluation of maximal strength 6 months after the intervention will be performed by using an encoder for the correct calculation of the Maximum Repetition (RM) from the speed and power generated by moving the weight vertically. The participants will perform 4 tests to assess the different muscular groups' strength (Back Squat Test, Deadlift Test, Lunge Test, Barbell Hip Thrust Test). Concretely, 4-5 repetitions will be performed with incremental weights where the speed of execution decreases.

The force-power will be measured using a countermovement jump test (CMJ) and squat jump test (SJ). From these tests, the maximum force (N) and power (P) exerted during impulse and landing, flight time (ms) and jump height (cm) will be obtained. For the evaluation of the different variables indicated, different technologies will be used such as a jump platform and/or the recording of each of the jumps for subsequent analysis with the validated application of My Jump and Kinovea.

The after-intervention force-power will be measured using a countermovement jump test (CMJ) and squat jump test (SJ). From these tests, the maximum force (N) and power (P) exerted during impulse and landing, flight time (ms) and jump height (cm) will be obtained. For the evaluation of the different variables indicated, different technologies will be used such as a jump platform and/or the recording of each of the jumps for subsequent analysis with the validated application of My Jump and Kinovea.

The force-power 3 months after the intervention will be measured using a countermovement jump test (CMJ) and squat jump test (SJ). From these tests, the maximum force (N) and power (P) exerted during impulse and landing, flight time (ms) and jump height (cm) will be obtained. For the evaluation of the different variables indicated, different technologies will be used such as a jump platform and/or the recording of each of the jumps for subsequent analysis with the validated application of My Jump and Kinovea.

The force-power 6 months after the intervention will be measured using a countermovement jump test (CMJ) and squat jump test (SJ). From these tests, the maximum force (N) and power (P) exerted during impulse and landing, flight time (ms) and jump height (cm) will be obtained. For the evaluation of the different variables indicated, different technologies will be used such as a jump platform and/or the recording of each of the jumps for subsequent analysis with the validated application of My Jump and Kinovea.

The strength endurance of the patients will be measured utilizing the 30-second arm curl test reporting the maximum number of repetitions in 30 seconds.

The strength endurance of the patients after the intervention will be measured employing the 30-second arm curl test reporting the maximum number of repetitions in 30 seconds.

The strength endurance of the patients 3 months after the intervention will be measured utilizing the 30-second arm curl test reporting the maximum number of repetitions in 30 seconds.

The strength endurance of the patients 6 months after the intervention will be measured employing the 30-second arm curl test reporting the maximum number of repetitions in 30 seconds.

Maximal strength of different muscular group exercises will be assessed (chest press, shoulder press, bent over row, biceps curl with barbell, Triceps extension with barbell) based on the number of repetitions that the participants are able to perform. An encoder will be used to calculate the Maximum Repetition (RM) by the speed and power generated by moving the weight vertically.

Maximal strength of different muscular group exercises after the intervention will be assessed (chest press, shoulder press, bent over row, biceps curl with barbell, Triceps extension with barbell) based on the number of repetitions that the participants are able to perform. An encoder will be used to calculate the Maximum Repetition (RM) by the speed and power generated by moving the weight vertically.

Maximal strength of different muscular group exercises 3 months after the intervention will be assessed (chest press, shoulder press, bent over row, biceps curl with barbell, Triceps extension with barbell) based on the number of repetitions that the participants are able to perform. An encoder will be used to calculate the Maximum Repetition (RM) by the speed and power generated by moving the weight vertically.

Maximal strength of different muscular group exercises 6 months after the intervention will be assessed (chest press, shoulder press, bent over row, biceps curl with barbell, Triceps extension with barbell) based on the number of repetitions that the participants are able to perform. An encoder will be used to calculate the Maximum Repetition (RM) by the speed and power generated by moving the weight vertically.

The 8-foot up-and-go test will be employed to measure dynamic balance and agility, where the participants will get up from the chair and walk as fast as possible to the cone, placed 2,44 meters far away, and around the cone, back to the chair. The outcome measure will be the time spend in seconds.

The 8-foot up-and-go test will be employed to measure dynamic balance and agility after the intervention, where the participants will get up from the chair and walk as fast as possible to the cone, placed 2,44 meters far away, and around the cone, back to the chair. The outcome measure will be the time spend in seconds.

The 8-foot up-and-go test will be employed to measure dynamic balance and agility 3 months after the intervention, where the participants will get up from the chair and walk as fast as possible to the cone, placed 2,44 meters far away, and around the cone, back to the chair. The outcome measure will be the time spend in seconds.

The 8-foot up-and-go test will be employed to measure dynamic balance and agility 6 months after the intervention, where the participants will get up from the chair and walk as fast as possible to the cone, placed 2,44 meters far away, and around the cone, back to the chair. The outcome measure will be the time spend in seconds.

The one-leg stand test from the adults ALHPA battery will assess static balance. For this purpose, the patient will be placed in monopodal support, placing the sole on the inside of the knee. The time reached, in seconds, without touching the group with the other foot will be recorded.

The one-leg stand test from the adults ALHPA battery will assess static balance after the intervention. For this purpose, the patient will be placed in monopodal support, placing the sole of the foot on the inside of the knee. The time reached, in seconds, without touching the group with the other foot will be recorded.

The one-leg stand test from the adults ALHPA battery will assess static balance 3 months after the intervention. For this purpose, the patient will be placed in monopodal support, placing the sole on the inside of the knee. The time reached, in seconds, without touching the group with the other foot will be recorded.

The one-leg stand test from the adults ALHPA battery will assess static balance 6 months after the intervention. For this purpose, the patient will be placed in monopodal support, placing the sole of the foot on the inside of the knee. The time reached, in seconds, without touching the group with the other foot will be recorded

Flexibility will be assessed using the Back scratch test, previously used in breast cancer patients and belonging to the Senior Fitness Test battery. During the test, participants will stand upright and try to reach over their head, with their arm in flexion and external rotation, to touch their other hand, which will be placed on their back in a supine position with the arm flexed. The centimeters left or passed from one hand to the other will be noted.

Flexibility after the intervention will be assessed using the Back scratch test, previously used in breast cancer patients and belonging to the Senior Fitness Test battery. During the test, participants will stand upright and try to reach over their head, with their arm in flexion and external rotation, to touch their other hand, which will be placed on their back in a supine position with the arm flexed. The centimeters left or passed from one hand to the other will be noted.

Flexibility 3 months after the intervention will be assessed using the Back scratch test, previously used in breast cancer patients and belonging to the Senior Fitness Test battery. During the test, participants will stand upright and try to reach over their head, with their arm in flexion and external rotation, to touch their other hand, which will be placed on their back in a supine position with the arm flexed. The centimeters left or passed from one hand to the other will be noted.

Flexibility 6 months after the intervention will be assessed using the Back scratch test, previously used in breast cancer patients and belonging to the Senior Fitness Test battery. During the test, participants will stand upright and try to reach over their head, with their arm in flexion and external rotation, to touch their other hand, which will be placed on their back in a supine position with the arm flexed. The centimeters left or passed from one hand to the other will be noted.

Hamstring flexibility will be measured using the V Sit and Reach test where the participant will be seated on the floor with knees fully extended and feet 30 cm apart. A tape measure will be placed on the floor, equidistant between the feet, placing the 0 cm in line with the heels. Pressing the palms of the hands together and keeping the elbows fully extended, the participants shall bend their trunk as far as possible over the tape measure. The results will be expressed in centimeters reporting the distance left or passed from the feet.

Hamstring flexibility after the intervention will be measured using the V Sit and Reach test where the participant will be seated on the floor with knees fully extended and feet 30 cm apart. A tape measure will be placed on the floor, equidistant between the feet, placing the 0 cm in line with the heels. Pressing the palms of the hands together and keeping the elbows fully extended, the participants shall bend their trunk as far as possible over the tape measure. The results will be expressed in centimeters reporting the distance left or passed from the feet.

Hamstring flexibility 3 months after the intervention will be measured using the V Sit and Reach test where the participant will be seated on the floor with knees fully extended and feet 30 cm apart. A tape measure will be placed on the floor, equidistant between the feet, placing the 0 cm in line with the heels. Pressing the palms of the hands together and keeping the elbows fully extended, the participants shall bend their trunk as far as possible over the tape measure. The results will be expressed in centimeters reporting the distance left or passed from the feet.

Hamstring flexibility 6 months after the intervention will be measured using the V Sit and Reach test where the participant will be seated on the floor with knees fully extended and feet 30 cm apart. A tape measure will be placed on the floor, equidistant between the feet, placing the 0 cm in line with the heels. Pressing the palms of the hands together and keeping the elbows fully extended, the participants shall bend their trunk as far as possible over the tape measure. The results will be expressed in centimeters reporting the distance left or passed from the feet.

Psychological variables will be assessed employing self-administered questionnaires specifically validated for cancer patients. Health-related quality of life will be assessed using the EORTC QLQ-C30 Quality of Life Questionnaire which includes functional and cancer-specific symptom assessment. Higher global scores will mean a higher quality of life.

Psychological variables will be assessed utilizing self-administered questionnaires specifically validated for cancer patients. Health-related quality of life will be assessed 3 months after the intervention using the EORTC QLQ-C30 Quality of Life Questionnaire which includes functional and cancer-specific symptom assessment. Higher global scores will mean a higher quality of life.

Psychological variables will be assessed through self-administered questionnaires specifically validated for cancer patients. Health-related quality of life 6 months after the intervention will be assessed using the EORTC QLQ-C30 Quality of Life Questionnaire which includes functional and cancer-specific symptom assessment. Higher global scores will mean a higher quality of life.

To assess cancer-related fatigue, the FACT-F questionnaire will be employed. It includes 13 items where patients will select their fatigue perception with a Likert scale from 1 to 5 being 1 the lowest fatigue score and 5 the highest.

To assess cancer-related fatigue after the intervention, the FACT-F questionnaire will be employed. It includes 13 items where patients will select their fatigue perception with a Likert scale from 1 to 5 being 1 the lowest fatigue score and 5 the highest.

To assess cancer-related fatigue 3 months after the intervention, the FACT-F questionnaire will be employed. It includes 13 items where patients will select their fatigue perception with a Likert scale from 1 to 5 being 1 the lowest fatigue score and 5 the highest.

To assess cancer-related fatigue 6 months after the intervention, the FACT-F questionnaire will be employed. It includes 13 items where patients will select their fatigue perception with a Likert scale from 1 to 5 being 1 the lowest fatigue score and 5 the highest.

Life satisfaction will be assessed using the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) questionnaire. The scale is composed of 5 items to score with a Likert scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).

Life satisfaction after the intervention will be assessed using the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) questionnaire. The scale is composed of 5 items to score with a Likert scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).

Life satisfaction 3 months after the intervention will be assessed using the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) questionnaire. The scale is composed of 5 items to score with a Likert scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).

Life satisfaction 6 months after the intervention will be assessed using the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) questionnaire. The scale is composed of 5 items to score with a Likert scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).

Study title	NCT ID	Conditions	Interventions	Eligibility	Organization
Effects of a Physical Exercise Program in Quality of Life of Breast Cancer Survivors	NCT04024280	Breast Cancer Quality of Life Physical Exerci...	Physical exerci...	18 Years -	Associacao de Investigacao de Cuidados de Suporte em Oncologia
Effects of a Physical Exercise Program in Quality of Life of Breast Cancer Survivors	NCT04024280	Breast Cancer Quality of Life Physical Exerci...	Physical exerci...	18 Years -	Associacao de Investigacao de Cuidados de Suporte em Oncologia
Effects of a Physical Exercise Program in Quality of Life of Breast Cancer Survivors	NCT04024280	Breast Cancer Quality of Life Physical Exerci...	Physical exerci...	18 Years -	Associacao de Investigacao de Cuidados de Suporte em Oncologia
Multimodal Prehabilitation to Enhance Functional Recovery After Lung Surgery	NCT02938104	Lung Cancer	Whey Protein Is... Physical Exerci... Relaxation Tech...	18 Years -	McGill University Health Centre/Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre
Multimodal Prehabilitation to Enhance Functional Recovery After Lung Surgery	NCT02938104	Lung Cancer	Whey Protein Is... Physical Exerci... Relaxation Tech...	18 Years -	McGill University Health Centre/Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre
Exercise Prescription Guided by Heart Rate Variability in Breast Cancer Patients	NCT05040867	Breast Cancer Cardiotoxicity Autonomic Imbal...	Physical exerci...	18 Years - 65 Years	GO fit Lab- Ingesport
Multimodal Prehabilitation to Enhance Functional Recovery After Lung Surgery	NCT02938104	Lung Cancer	Whey Protein Is... Physical Exerci... Relaxation Tech...	18 Years -	McGill University Health Centre/Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre
Using Multimodal Prehabilitation to Improve Outcomes for Frail Patients Undergoing Resection of Colorectal Cancer	NCT02502760	Colorectal Neop...	Physical Exerci... Whey Protein Is... Relaxation Tech...	-	McGill University Health Centre/Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre

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