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Patients MRD will be randomized to receive Treosulfan iv at a dose of 14 g/m² within 120 minutes on day -7, - 6, -5 + Fludarabine iv at a dose of 30 mg/ m² within 30 minutes on day -7, -6, -5,-4,-3 after treosulfan + Thiotepa iv at a dose of 8 mg/kg on day - 3 divided into 2 infusions at 12 hrs intervals + Cyclosporine A iv at a dose of 3 mg/kg/day starting from day -1 and a dose adjustment will be done to obtain plasma levels of 150-250 ng/mL + Methotrexate iv at a dose of 15 mg/m2 on day +1, at a dose of 10 mg/m2 on day + 3 and + 6 \& ATG-Fresenius S® iv at a dose of 5 mg/kg within 8 hours on day -4,-3,-2

Patients receiving stem cell transplantation from a matched related donors (MRD) will be randomized to receive only Treosulfan iv at a dose of 14 g/m² within 120 minutes on day -7, - 6, -5 (total dose of 42 g/m²) + Fludarabine iv at a dose of 30 mg/ m² within 30 minutes on day -7, -6, -5,-4,-3 (total dose of 150 mg/m²) after treosulfan + Thiotepa iv at a dose of 8 mg/kg on day - 3 divided into 2 infusions at 12 hrs intervals (total dose of 8 mg/kg)+ Cyclosporine A iv at a starting dose of 3 mg/kg/day starting from day -1 and a dose adjustment will be done to obtain plasma levels of 150-250 ng/mL (In the absence of GvHD CSA will be tapered after day + 180 and stopped at 9-12 months) + Methotrexate iv at a dose of 15 mg/m2 on day +1, at a dose of 10 mg/m2 on day + 3 and + 6

Patients MUD will be randomized to receive Treosulfan iv at a dose of 14 g/m² within 120 minutes on day -7, - 6, -5 + Fludarabine iv at a dose of 30 mg/ m² within 30 minutes on day -7, -6, -5,-4,-3 after treosulfan + Thiotepa iv at a dose of 8 mg/kg on day - 3 divided into 2 infusions at 12 hrs intervals + Cyclosporine A iv at a dose of 3 mg/kg/day starting from day -1 and a dose adjustment will be done to obtain plasma levels of 150-250 ng/mL + Methotrexate iv at a dose of 15 mg/m2 on day +1, at a dose of 10 mg/m2 on day + 3 and + 6 and at a dose of 10 mg/m2 on day +11 + ATG-Fresenius S ® iv at a dose of 5 mg/kg within 8 hours on day -4,-3,-2 \& Rituximab in a single infusion of 200 mg/m2 on day -1

Patients MUD will be randomized to receive only Treosulfan iv at a dose of 14 g/m² within 120 minutes on day -7, - 6, -5 + Fludarabine iv at a dose of 30 mg/ m² within 30 minutes on day -7, -6, -5,-4,-3 after treosulfan + Thiotepa iv at a dose of 8 mg/kg on day - 3 divided into 2 infusions at 12 hrs intervals + Cyclosporine A iv at a dose of 3 mg/kg/day starting from day -1 and a dose adjustment will be done to obtain plasma levels of 150-250 ng/mL + Methotrexate iv at a dose of 15 mg/m2 on day +1, at a dose of 10 mg/m2 on day + 3 and + 6 and at a dose of 10 mg/m2 on day +11 + ATG-Fresenius S ® iv at a dose of 5 mg/kg within 8 hours on day -4,-3,-2

iv at a dose of 5 mg/kg within 8 hours on day -4,-3,-2 (total dose 15 mg/kg)

polyclonal antibody

iv at a dose of 14 g/m² within 120 minutes on day -7, - 6, -5 (total dose of 42 g/m²)

iv at a dose of 30 mg/ m² within 30 minutes on day -7, -6, -5,-4,-3 after treosulfan

iv at a dose of 8 mg/kg on day - 3 divided into 2 infusions at 12 hrs intervals

iv at a dose of 3 mg/kg/day starting from day -1 and a dose adjustment will be done to obtain plasma levels of 150-250 ng/mL

Cyclosporine A

iv at a dose of 15 mg/m2 on day +1, at a dose of 10 mg/m2 on day + 3 and + 6

iv at a dose of 15 mg/m2 on day +1, at a dose of 10 mg/m2 on day + 3 and + 6 and at a dose of 10 mg/m2 on day +11

Maria Ester Bernardo, MD

Franco Locatelli

Franco Locatelli, Prof

• The primary aim of the present trial is to assess in a randomized fashion the benefit on standard graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis of the addition of ATG-Fresenius S ® in transplants from matched related donors (MRD) and of anti-CD20 rituximab in transplants from matched unrelated donors (MUD). Both safety and efficacy of the treatment will be assessed, in particular in respect to the clinical status of the patient, i.e. prevention of graft failure and chronic GvHD and of Ebstein Barr virus (EBV) viremia for MUD patients.

The conditioning proposed combines myeloablative drugs with a favorable safety profile such as treosulfan, thiotepa (Tepadina®) and fludarabine with the intent to reduce the traditional immediate and late toxicity of busulfan and cyclophosphamide.

For patients transplanted from a MRD

The primary end-point is the cumulative incidence of a combined end-point defined as the time from randomization to:

* primary and secondary graft failure,
* aGVHD II-IV,
* cGVHD,
* death, whichever occurs first.

For patients transplanted from a MUD

The primary end-point is the cumulative incidence of a combined end-point defined as the time from randomization to:

* aGVHD II-IV,
* EBV viremia, whichever occurs first.

T&B Depletion Non Malignant

A Phase II Multicentre, Randomized, Controlled Open-label Study on the Use of Anti-thymocyte Globulin and Rituximab for Immunomodulation of Graft-versus-host Disease in Allogeneic Matched Transplants for Non Malignancies

For patients transplanted from a MRD

The cumulative incidence of a combined end-point defined as the time from randomization to:

* primary and secondary graft failure,
* aGVHD II-IV,
* cGVHD,
* death, whichever occurs first.

For patients transplanted from a MUD

The cumulative incidence of a combined end-point defined as the time from randomization to:

* aGVHD II-IV,
* EBV viremia, whichever occurs first.

Spots Global Cancer Trial Database for polyclonal antibody