Behaviors and Mental Disorders

All Conditions

Symptoms and General Pathology

Wounds and Injuries

Neoplasms

Digestive System Diseases

Cognitive Dysfunction

Hyperthermia

Fever

Postoperative Cognitive Complications

Peritoneal Neoplasms

Cognition Disorders

Neurocognitive Disorders

Mental Disorders

Psychotic Disorders

Postoperative Complications

Abdominal Neoplasms

Gastrointestinal Neoplasms

Digestive System Neoplasms

Gastrointestinal Diseases

Peritoneal Diseases

Mian Peng, Doctor

Objectives to investigate the incidence and associated factors for early postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the patients with peritoneal surface malignancies undergoing cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemo-therapy(CRS-HIPEC).Methods fifty patients aged 18-65 yr were included in the research and were grouped base on the score of neuropsychological assessments which had done in the ward at 7 day before and after the surgery. The investigators monitored various indicators in the perioperative period, such as age, body weight, sex, education, duration of operation, intraoperative blood loss, cardiovascular events, amount of fluid infused per hour. Meanwhile, the concentration of serum amploid A (SAA),IL-1beta,TNF-alpha,HMGB1,S100b,cortisol and Abeta40 were measured at the various stage of the operation and 24 hours after the operation, and the differences of data between postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD) and Non-POCD groups were analyzed.

Risk Factors for Early POCD in the Patients With PSM Undergoing CRS-HIPEC

Risk Factors for Early POCD(Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction) in the Patients With PSM(Peritoneal Surface Malignancies )Undergoing CRS(Cytoreductive Surgery) and HIPEC(Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemo-therapy)

Wuhan University

Doctor

Central Nervous System Depressants

All Drugs and Chemicals

Herbal and Botanical

Anesthetics

Receive a TEAS on bilateral Neiguan (PC6) Yintang (GV29) and Zusanli (ST36) by the transcutaneous electrical stimulators to provide an altered frequency 2/100 Hz, disperse-dense waves, and adjusted intensity which was less than 10 mA, 30 min before anesthesia.

Receive a TEAS on bilateral Neiguan (PC6) Yintang (GV29) and Zusanli (ST36) by the transcutaneous electrical stimulators to provide an altered frequency 2/100 Hz, disperse-dense waves, and adjusted intensity which was less than 10 mA, from 30 min before anesthesia to the end of surgery

Receive a TEAS on bilateral Neiguan (PC6) Yintang (GV29) and Zusanli (ST36) by the transcutaneous electrical stimulators to provide an altered frequency 2/100 Hz, disperse-dense waves, and adjusted intensity which was less than 10 mA, once a day, 30 minutes each time for 7 consecutive days after operation

Receive a TEAS on bilateral Neiguan (PC6) Yintang (GV29) and Zusanli (ST36) by the transcutaneous electrical stimulators to provide an altered frequency 2/100 Hz, disperse-dense waves, and adjusted intensity which was less than 10 mA, from 1 day before operation to 7 days after operation, once a day, 30 minutes each time.

Receive a TEAS on bilateral Neiguan (PC6) Yintang (GV29) and Zusanli (ST36) by the transcutaneous electrical stimulators to provide an altered frequency 2/100 Hz, disperse-dense waves, and adjusted intensity which was less than 10 mA, 30 min before the induction of anesthesia to the end of the surgery, 1 day before operation, and on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd days after surgery, 30 min once a day.

the electrodes were placed at the same time as the perioperative TEAS group, but the electronic stimulation was not applied and they were told that the TEAS treatment have no feeling

receive standardised perioperative management such as preoperative health education, optimize anaesthesia scheme, intraoperative heat preservation, and reduce surgical trauma.

Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) is a new type of acupoint stimulation therapy that inputs low-frequency pulse current into human acupoints through electrodes pasted on the skin surface to achieve therapeutic purposes, which combined the preponderances of both acupuncture and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). TEAS is non-invasive, easy to operate and acceptable to patients. Study showed that TEAS treatment can reduce the consumption of intraoperative anesthetic and improve postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and postoperative recovery.

Transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation

Daorong Wang Department Director, Ph.D

Liqun Shi

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD). is a central nervous system complication in cancer patients with a 8.9-46.1% incidence. It is mainly manifested as impaired memory, descending information handling ability and decline or damage of attention, perception, abstract thinking, executive, language, and body movement. However, it is difficult to identify and it can last for months or years or even become a dementia state, which can severely affect patients' postoperative recovery, prolong the hospitalization time, reduce the quality of life, increase the mortality and the consumption of family and social medical resources, and intensifies the national economic and social burden.

Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) is a new type of acupoint stimulation therapy that inputs low-frequency pulse current into human acupoints through electrodes pasted on the skin surface to achieve therapeutic purposes, which combined the preponderances of both acupuncture and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). TEAS is non-invasive, easy to operate and acceptable to patients. Study showed that TEAS treatment can reduce the consumption of intraoperative anesthetic and improve postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and postoperative recovery.

Also, studies have shown that TEAS treatment may improve the cognitive function of geriatric patients. Most studies have shown that TEAS treatment 10\~30 minutes before operation or from entering the operating room to the end of operation can reduce the incidence of POCD in elderly patients. Some studies showed that preoperative combined with postoperative or simple postoperative TEAS treatment can significantly improve patients' postoperative cognitive function. Our previous research showed that perioperative TEAS treatment can reduce the postoperative inflammatory response and increased the postoperative cognitive function score and decrease the incidence of POCD in geriatric patients with gastrointestinal tumor. Moreover, studies showed that long-term electroacupuncture treatment is easy to cause "tolerance effect', leading to the activation of the negative feedback mechanism of the body, and reduction of the number of receptors, and the weakening of the treatment effect. So, what is the best time period for TEAS to improve POCD and reduce the use of resources? Therefore, the objective of this study is to discuss different time of TEAS on POCD in geriatric patients with gastrointestinal tumor.

Therefore, the objective of this study is to discuss different time of TEAS on POCD in geriatric patients with gastrointestinal tumor.

Timing of Transcutaneous Acupoint Electrical Stimulation on Postoperative Recovery in Geriatric Patients With Gastrointestinal Tumor

Timing of Transcutaneous Acupoint Electrical Stimulation on Postoperative Recovery in Geriatric Patients With Gastrointestinal Tumor：a Protocol of Randomised Controlled Trial

Assess the cognitive function of the patient. The MMSE is a 30 points questionnaire used to measure orientation (time and place), memory (immediate and short term), attention, calculation, and language (naming, repetition, listening, reading, and writing) . Higher score means better cognitive function.

Assess the cognitive function of the patient. AVLT-H was used to evaluate the memory of the subjects.The subjects learned and recalled 12 words and repeated themself three times. After the nonverbal test interval of about 5min and 20min, the fourth (short delayed recall) and fifth (long delayed recall) repeat will be recorded respectively. The sixth recall was reconfirmation, that is, the data collectors read 24 words, and the subjects answered whether they had learned them. According to the knowledge level and cooperation degree of local elderly subjects, the fourth repeat will be recorded and a correct word will get 1 point.

Assess the cognitive function of the patient. DSC was used to evaluate the executive function of the subjects. For the test, the subjects need to fill in the numbers corresponding to the symbols within 90s. A correct number will get 1 point, up to 90 points.

Assess the cognitive function of the patient. VFT was used to evaluate the language ability of the subjects. The subjects should say as many names of animals, fruits and vegetables as possible within 1 minute. A correct object will get 1 point, no point will be given if repeated.

Assess the cognitive function of the patient. CDT was used to evaluate the visual spatial structure ability of the subjects. The subjects need to draw the dial of the clock on paper and write the numbers in the correct position. Scoring method: ① Draw a closed circular outline, 1 point. ②The number display and sequence in the dial are correct, 2 points. ③The position of the hour and minute hand is correct, 1 point. To reduce the learning effect, the test time preoperative and postoperative in this study is drawn at 08:10 and 07:50 respectively.

Evaluate patients' postoperative inflammatory status. IL-6 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine which can mediate inflammatory and immune responses in the CNS.

Evaluate patients' postoperative inflammatory status. S100β is a biomarker which existed in the cell of peripheral and central nervous system(CNS) and it may participate in the mechanism of cognitive impairment.

Evaluate patients' postoperative inflammatory status. As one of the neurotrophic factors, IGF-1 has been proved to have neuroprotective and neuroproliferative effects and it may delay the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, protect dopaminergic neurons and promote nerve regeneration through a variety of ways, including inhibiting inflammatory reaction. IGF-1 plays an important role in the survival and differentiation of neurons, and is related to a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Studies showed that the level of serum IGF-1 in patients with Parkinson's disease(PD) is related to cognitive dysfunction, and serum IGF-1 may be a biomarker of cognitive dysfunction in patients with PD.

Evaluate patients' postoperative inflammatory status. CRP is a non-specific biomarker inflammation which has been proved to accelerate the development of neurodegenerative disorders by activating microglia, increasing levels of proinflammatory cytokines, and activating the complement cascade.

Evaluate the postoperative recovery of patients. On the scale of the 10 point system, the self rating is based on the degree, which is divided into 1-10 levels. According to the corresponding numbers, the pain can be divided into different degrees, that is, level 0 means no pain, level 1-3 means mild pain, level 4-6 means moderate pain, and level 7-10 means severe pain.

Branden is divided into six dimensions: perception, humidity, activity mode, activity ability, nutrition, friction and shear force. The friction and shear force are rated at Level 3, and the rest are rated at level 4, with a score range of 6-23 points. The higher the score, the smaller the risk of pressure ulcer occurrence, with 15-18 points for mild risk, 13-14 points for moderate risk, 10-12 points for high risk, and ≤ 9 points for serious risk.

BI is a tool widely used in clinic to evaluate patients'activities of daily living(ADL). It includes 10 items, including diet, bed and wheelchair transfer, personal hygiene, toileting, bathing, walking, going up and down stairs, dressing, defecation control and urination control, with a total score of 100 points. If the score is in the range of 0 \~ 40 points, it belongs to severe ADL deficiency; if it is in the range of 41 \~ 60 points, it belongs to moderate ADL deficiency; if it is in the range of 61 \~ 100 points, it belongs to mild ADL deficiency. The BI scale can be evaluated by asking patients or their families, which is simple, fast and highly reliability.

Assess the cognitive function of the patient. TICS-m is modified from the earliest version of TICS which is modeled on MMSE. Gallo and Breitiner revised the original version, adding tests such as delayed memory of words and five times of phone tapping, and expanded it to 21 items, with a total score of 50 points. It can be divided into three parts: memory (20 points), orientation (13 points), language and attention (17 points). The higher the score, the better the condition of the project. \<28 points is defined as dementia, 28\~32 points is defined as mild cognitive impairment(MCI). More over the TICS-m has been proved to have good reliability and validity in the Chinese population.

Record the first anal exhaust time after operation

Record the first defecation time after operation

Record the first eating time after operation

Record the time of get out of bed for the first time after operation

Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province

Nurse

Urinary Tract, Sexual Organs, and Pregnancy Conditions

Nervous System Diseases

Rare Diseases

Carcinoma

Prostatic Neoplasms

Delirium

Carcinoma, Renal Cell

Kidney Neoplasms

Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial

Neoplasms by Histologic Type

Urogenital Neoplasms

Urogenital Diseases

Male Urogenital Diseases

Confusion

Neurobehavioral Manifestations

Neurologic Manifestations

Adenocarcinoma

Urologic Neoplasms

Female Urogenital Diseases

Pregnancy Complications

Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications

Kidney Diseases

Urologic Diseases

Renal Cell Carcinoma

Anti-Infective Agents

Minocycline

Anti-Bacterial Agents

Minocycline was administrated before surgery

Health people for calculate the incidence of POCD

Placebo

Diansan Su, Doctor

Hui Li, Master Degree Candidate

Diansan Su, Dr.

Hui Li, M.S.

Hongwei Duan

Shifen Zhang

Lizhi Li, M.D.

Shukun Fu, M.D.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and postoperative delirium occurs mainly in aged patients. POCD and POD may increase the mortality and morbidity. However, the mechanism of POCD is not clear yet and no effective therapy method was proved. According to previous study, the neuroinflammation is the main reason both for POCD and POD. Minocycline is a tetracycline derivative. Due to it's lipophilic structure, it is easy to pass through blood brain barrier and attenuate neuroinflammation. It's neuroprotective effects has been proven in many experimental animal models such as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and Parkinson's syndrome. In present study, the investigators hypothesized that minocycline would attenuate the incidence of POCD and POD in the aged patients.

Minocycline Attenuate Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Delirium

Minocycline Attenuate Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Delirium: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trail

Shanghai 10th People's Hospital

Pudong New Area People's Hospital

Shanghai Pudong Hospital

Shanghai Pudong New Aera Dongming Community Health Care Center

RenJi Hospital

Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Urinary Bladder Diseases

Adjuvants, Anesthesia

Analgesics

Psychotropic Drugs

Fentanyl

Midazolam

Analgesics, Opioid

Hypnotics and Sedatives

Anti-Anxiety Agents

Anesthetics, Intravenous

Anesthetics, General

GABA Modulators

Neurotransmitter Agents

Narcotics

spinal anesthesia premedication with benzodiazepine and opioid

spinal anesthesia premedication with opioid

benzodiazepines

opioid

spinal anesthesia

Karolina Dobronska, MD

Lidia I Jureczko, PhD MD

This study evaluates the influence of premedication on cognitive functions in patients undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumor under spinal anesthesia. The aims of premedication are anxiolysis, analgesia and the reduction of perioperative risk among the patients with comorbidities. The patients will be randomly allocated to receive premedication either with opioid solely or with benzodiazepine combined with opioid. The anesthetic technique is standardized.

Trans-urethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) is the basic endoscopic procedure for management of bladder cancer and if there are no contraindications, it is performed under spinal anesthesia. The condition usually occurs among elderly patients, every 9 of 10 is older than 55 years. At this age the postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common complication as the risk increases with age. There are some studies indicating that using benzodiazepines during the perioperative period can also increase the number of registered POCD in patients undergoing anesthesia. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) occurs after operations under regional and general anesthesia as well. The study was planed to evaluate the risk of POCD among urological patients and to asses whether combining benzodiazepines with opioids for premedication increases this risk.

The participants after giving the informed consent can participate in the study. The Beck Depression Inventory is performed to rule out the patients with depression. The cognitive functions are tested with Montreal Cognitive Assessment before the surgery and subsequently in the first 24 hours after surgery, three weeks later (while patients come back to receive histopathological examination), and finally six months after surgery (during control cystoscopy).

During anesthesia, the patients will be randomly allocated to receive premedication either with opioid solely or with benzodiazepine combined with opioid. The anesthetic technique is standardized. If the premedication is needed before the surgery the hydroxyzine will be administrated.

the participant is not performed about the type of premedication performed

The Assessment of POCD After TURBT Under Spinal Anesthesia

The Assessment of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction After Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor Under Spinal Anesthesia

evaluated by Montreal Cognitive Assesment

Medical University of Warsaw

Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation group patients received Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (Neiguan \[PC6\], Yintang \[GV 29\], Zusanli \[ST36\]) for 30 min before the induction of anaesthesia until the end of the surgery and the night before operation, the first, second and third night after operation 30 min once a day with an altered frequency 2/100 Hz, disperse-dense waves, adjusted electricity intensity which was less than 10 mA.

In Control group, except the electronic stimulation was not applied, the treatment was the same as the Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation group.

According to the traditional Chinese medicine 15,three acupuncture points were selected as the target points: bilateral Neiguan ,Yintang and bilateral Zusanli.. A transcutaneous electrical stimulator was used to provide an altered frequency 2/100 Hz,disperse-dense waves,and adjusted intensity which was less than 10mA.

Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation

Daorong Wang, Ph.D.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is one of the common complications of cancer patients after operation with a 8.9%-46.1% incidence, which severely affecting patients' postoperative recovery, increasing the medical cost, affecting the social function of patients, reducing the quality of life and increasing the mortality.

Surgical trauma and perioperative pain can induce systematic inflammatory response and release systematic inflammatory mediators, which can enter the central nervous system (CNS) and lead to CNS inflammatory. In order to prevent the development of POCD among elder patients, the discovery of effective interventions reducing perioperative pain and inflammatory response is important.

Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation (TEAS) is a non-invasive alternative to needle-based electro-acupuncture (EA). It combines the acupuncture and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) by pasting the electrode piece on the acupoint instead of sticking the needles on the skin. TEAS can trigger the release of endogenous neurotransmitters, releasing endogenous analgesic substances, such as endorphins. TEAS also can reduce the intraoperative anesthetic consumption, postoperative pain score, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), and improve the postoperative recovery of patients. Recently, TEAS was found to improve the cognitive function of geriatric patients with silent lacunar infarction. However, the current TEAS mainly focus on intraoperative. The effect of perioperative TEAS on POCD is not clear.

Here, the effect of TEAS on POCD in geriatric adults undergoing radical resection of gastrointestinal tumors under general anesthesia was investigated to determine whether TEAS can decrease perioperative pain or inflammatory response to prevent the occurrence of POCD and to find out the relationship among perioperative TEAS, inflammatory response, postoperative pain, and POCD preliminarily.

This study aims to evaluate the effect of perioperative transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in elderly patients who were diagnosed with gastrointestinal tumor and received radical resection of gastrointestinal tumors under general anesthesia and to determine the relationship among perioperative TEAS, inflammatory response, postoperative pain, and POCD preliminarily.

Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation group and control group

Patient don't konw which group they are in because we all told them that they will feel nothing during the intervention.

The outcomes assessor just to evaluate indicators, they don't know the specific content of the patient's experiment

Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation for Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction

Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation for Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Geriatric Patients With Gastrointestinal Tumor

Assess the cognitive function of the patient,the minimum value is 0,and the maximum value is 30, higher scores mean a better outcome.

Assess the inflammatory reaction of the patient

Assess the pain score of the patient,the minimum value is 0,and the maximum value is 10, higher scores mean a worse outcome.

Principal Investigator

Frailty

Brain Injuries

Emergence Delirium

Elective urologic oncology surgeries such as radical nephrectomy, radical cystectomy, radical prostatectomy in older than 65 years

Patients are monitored by near infrared spectroscopy before anesthesia induction until end of the operation. Graphical presentation of cerebral oxygenation during surgery evaluated by INVOS Analytics Tool Version 1.2.

Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS)

Blood samples are obtained before and after surgery. S-100, Neuron specific enolase (NSE), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), High Mobility Group Box Protein (HMGB-1) are going to be studied by ELISA method after data collection process end.

Blood sample

ACE-III is administered to study participants one day before surgery, 1 week after surgery, and three months after surgery to diagnose postoperative cognitive dysfunction.

Addenbrooke Cognitive Examination III (ACE-III)

Confusion Assessment Method is administered to study participants in postoperative recovery room to diagnose postoperative delirium.

Confusion Assessment Method

Emre Şentürk, MD

Meltem Savran Karadeniz, Assoc.Prof.

Meltem Savran Karadeniz, Assoc. Prof.

Postoperative cognitive changes are more common in elderly patients, which can result in poor quality of life, loss of workforce, disability, early retirement, physical-social dependence, increased health care cost and premature mortality. Postoperative cognitive complications are also quite common in extensive oncological surgeries. In this study, our aim is to evaluate the relationship between the development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in geriatric urologic oncology patients with brain injury and inflammatory markers \[S100 β, neuron specific enolase (NSE), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1 protein)\].

The incidence of POCD changes by age group, type of surgery, testing neuropsychological tests, timing of tests, and the method used for diagnosis. In non-cardiac surgery over the age of 60; the incidence of POCD was 26% in the postoperative 1st week and 10% in the postoperative 3rd month. Although old age is an important risk factor, POCD incidence of up to 36.6% has been reported in a younger period. Major cancer surgery is an important risk factor for development of POCD.

Numerous biomarkers such as; S100β, NSE, Human IL-6, HMGB-1 protein; have been evaluated in studies to determine the diagnosis, prognosis, stage and treatment of POCD.

In this study, our aim is to evaluate the relationship between the development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in geriatric urologic oncology patients with brain injury and inflammatory markers. (S100β, NSE, Human IL-6 and HMGB-1 protein).The hypothesis of our study is that postoperative brain injury and inflammatory markers (S100β, NSE, Human IL-6 and HMGB-1 protein) will be higher in patients who develop POCD compared to patients who do not develop POCD in geriatric urologic oncology surgery.

Blood samples are collected from study participants after anesthesia induction and after the end of the operation.

Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly Urologic Oncology Patients (POCD)

Evaluation of the Relationship Between Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Brain Injury Biomarkers In Geriatric Urologic Oncology Patients

Test score is between 0-100. 100 is the best point and 0 is the worst point in the test. The test has five cognitive domains including attention, memory, language, visuospatial function, and verbal fluency. Patients who score less than 88 in preoperative tests will be diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment.

POCD is diagnosed by 1 standard deviation decrease from the preoperative test scores.

Blood S 100β concentration is determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit.

HMGB1 concentration is determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit.

h-NSE concentration is determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit.

Blood IL-6 concentration is determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit.

Postoperative delirium is diagnosed by confusion assessment method.

Cerebral hypoxia is defined as reduction of regional oxygen saturation by 10 % from baseline before surgery.

Stroke, transient ischemic attack, arrhythmia, heart failure, myocardial injury, respiratory failure, pneumonia, ileus, acute kidney injury, prolonged length of stay, mortality.

Istanbul University

Associate Professor

Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases

Breast Neoplasms

Anxiety Disorders

Preoperative MoCA test and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Test (STAI FORM ) questionnaire form will be filled in female patients between the ages of 18-65 by making a one-on-one interview with the patient and the MoCA test will be applied in the early postoperative period (1st week) to ensure its relationship with POCD will be checked.

MoCA test

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women. Anxiety and depression often accompany the treatment phase of oncology patients.

Since both anxiety and depression are associated with increased inflammatory activity, these preoperative symptoms may predispose patients to the development of postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction.

The aim of this study is to reveal the correlation of preoperative anxiety with early postoperative cognitive dysfunction in patients with breast cancer who will undergo surgery.

During the treatment of oncological disease, %13-19 of these patients show symptoms of anxiety and depression.Although many factors affect the development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction, there are several well-known risk factors and are thought to be due to increased inflammatory activity. Inflammation and immune dysfunction are common in oncological patients. It has also been reported that the presence of increased central nervous system inflammatory reactivity affects cognitive function.Since both anxiety and depression are associated with increased inflammatory activity, these preoperative symptoms may predispose patients to the development of postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is an unwanted postoperative condition and is thought to be particularly relevant to elderly patients. Most studies in the literature have focused on the elderly. However, younger patients tend to experience more anxiety and depression during cancer treatment.

Studies indicate that age is inversely correlated with emotional distress and younger patients tend to experience higher levels of anxiety during diagnosis and treatment.

Also, younger patients have more limited life experiences to help them cope with such traumatic situations. The preoperative anxiety rate was found twice as high in female patients compared to male patients. Younger patients with bone cancer, breast cancer, and prostate cancer were three times more likely to report anxiety among the tumor groups than older patients.

Although the definition, degree and duration of postoperative cognitive dysfunction have been well researched, the effect of preoperative anxiety on the development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction has not been studied in detail.

Patients who are scheduled for elective breast surgery will be included in the study, who are informed and agree to participate in the study.

From the beginning of the study, consecutive patients will be included in the study.Preoperative MoCA test and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Test (STAI FORM) questionnaire form will be filled in with the patient through one-on-one interview and in the early postoperative period. After the test ASA scores, age, comorbidities, demographic data, education levels, duration of anesthesia and surgery, and vital parameters will be recorded.

(1st week) MoCA test will be applied and its relationship with POCD will be checked.

Patients with preoperative MoCA score (M0) 21/30 points and above; It will be re-evaluated on the 7th postoperative day (M1) and a 4 unit decrease in M1 score from M0 score will be considered as POCD.

The correlation between preoperative anxiety level and early postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) will be investigated.

The preoperative anxiety rate was found twice as high in female patients compared to male patients.

Correlation of Preoperative Anxiety With Early Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Breast Cancer Patients

The researcher will perform the neurocognitive level with a face-to-face interview with the moca test before surgery. In the postoperative period, the test will be repeated on the 7th day.

If the moca test is above 21, it will be considered normal. and the patient will be enrolled.

A decrease of 4 units in the moca test on the 7th postoperative day will be considered as postoperative cognitive dysfunction.

Study title	NCT ID	Conditions	Interventions	Eligibility	Organization
Risk Factors for Early POCD in the Patients With PSM Undergoing CRS-HIPEC	NCT02462564	Postoperative C...		18 Years - 65 Years	Wuhan University
Timing of Transcutaneous Acupoint Electrical Stimulation on Postoperative Recovery in Geriatric Patients With Gastrointestinal Tumor	NCT05482477	Postoperative C...	Transcutaneous ...	60 Years -	Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province
Minocycline Attenuate Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Delirium	NCT02928692	Prostate Cancer Carcinoma of th... Colon Cancer Renal Carcinoma	Minocycline Placebo	65 Years -	RenJi Hospital
The Assessment of POCD After TURBT Under Spinal Anesthesia	NCT03029676	Bladder Tumor Postoperative C...	benzodiazepines opioid spinal anesthes...	18 Years -	Medical University of Warsaw
Risk Factors for Early POCD in the Patients With PSM Undergoing CRS-HIPEC	NCT02462564	Postoperative C...		18 Years - 65 Years	Wuhan University
Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation for Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction	NCT04606888	Postoperative C...	Transcutaneous ...	60 Years - 90 Years	Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province
Minocycline Attenuate Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Delirium	NCT02928692	Prostate Cancer Carcinoma of th... Colon Cancer Renal Carcinoma	Minocycline Placebo	65 Years -	RenJi Hospital
Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly Urologic Oncology Patients (POCD)	NCT04837391	Postoperative C... Postoperative D... Frailty	Near Infrared S... Blood sample Addenbrooke Cog... Confusion Asses...	65 Years -	Istanbul University
Correlation of Preoperative Anxiety With Early Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Breast Cancer Patients	NCT04701801	Postoperative C... Preoperative An...	MoCA test	18 Years - 65 Years	Dr Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital
Impact of Anesthesia Maintenance Methods on Incidence of Postoperative Delirium	NCT02662257	Delirium Postoperative C... Postoperative C...	Sevoflurane Propofol	65 Years - 90 Years	Peking University First Hospital
Methylene Blue and Postoperative Neurocognitive Disorders	NCT04529265	Postoperative D... Postoperative C...	Methylene Blue Placebo	18 Years - 80 Years	Fudan University
Impact of Anesthesia Maintenance Methods on Incidence of Postoperative Delirium	NCT02662257	Delirium Postoperative C... Postoperative C...	Sevoflurane Propofol	65 Years - 90 Years	Peking University First Hospital

Spots Global Cancer Trial Database for postoperative cognitive dysfunction