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H1299 cell lysates with iscomatrix vaccine with metronomic chemotherapy

H1299 cell lysates with iscomatrix adjuvant vaccine

H1299 cell lysate with iscomatrix adjuvant vaccine via subcutaneous injections once every cycle (cycle=28 days) for 6 cycles total. Additional 2 injections for patients with immunologic response and no clinical evidence of active disease (NED).

H1299 cell lysates

50 mg by mouth (PO) twice a day (BID) for 7 days prior to the first dose of vaccine and then on days 8 through 14, and 22 through 28 of each treatment cycle.

400 mg by mouth (PO) twice a day (BID) for 7 days prior to the first dose of vaccine and then on days 1 through 28 of each treatment cycle.

Iscomatrix adjuvant

David S Schrump, M.D.

Background:

During recent years, cancer-testis (CT) antigens (CTA), particularly those encoded by genes on the X chromosome (CT-X genes), have emerged as attractive targets for cancer immunotherapy. Whereas malignancies of diverse histologies express a variety of CTAs, immune responses to these proteins appear uncommon in cancer patients, possibly due to low-level, heterogeneous antigen expression, as well as immunosuppressive regulatory T cells present within tumor sites and systemic circulation of these individuals. Conceivably, vaccination of cancer patients with tumor cells expressing high levels of CTAs in combination with regimens that deplete or inhibit T regulatory cells will induce broad immunity to these antigens. In order to examine this issue, patients with primary lung and esophageal cancers, pleural mesotheliomas, thoracic sarcomas, thymic neoplasms and mediastinal germ cell tumors, as well as sarcomas, melanomas, germ cell tumors, or epithelial malignancies metastatic to lungs, pleura or mediastinum with no evidence of disease (NED) or minimal residual disease (MRD) following standard multidisciplinary therapy will be vaccinated with H1299 tumor cell lysates with Iscomatrix adjuvant. Vaccines will be administered with or without metronomic oral cyclophosphamide (50 mg by mouth (PO) twice a day (BID) x 7day (d) every (q) 14d), and celecoxib (400 mg PO BID). Serologic responses to a variety of recombinant CTAs as well as immunologic responses to autologous tumor or epigenetically modified autologous Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformed lymphocytes will be assessed before and after a six month vaccination period.

Primary Objectives:

1. To assess the frequency of immunologic responses to CTAs in patients with thoracic malignancies following vaccinations with H1299 cell lysate/Iscomatrix(TM) vaccines alone in comparison to patients with thoracic malignancies following vaccinations with H1299 cell lysate/Iscomatrix vaccines in combination with metronomic cyclophosphamide and celecoxib.

Secondary Objectives:

1. To examine if oral metronomic cyclophosphamide and celecoxib therapy diminishes the number and percentage of T regulatory cells and diminishes activity of these cells in patients with thoracic malignancies are at risk of recurrence.
2. To examine if H1299 cell lysate/Iscomatrix(TM) vaccination enhances immunologic response to autologous tumor or epigenetically modified autologous EBV-transformed lymphocytes (B cells).

Eligibility:

* Patients with histologically or cytologically proven small cell or non-small cell lung cancer (SCLC;NSCLC), esophageal cancer (EsC), malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), thymic or mediastinal germ cell tumors, thoracic sarcomas, or melanomas, sarcomas, or epithelial malignancies metastatic to lungs, pleura or mediastinum who have no clinical evidence of active disease (NED), or minimal residual disease (MRD) not readily accessible by non-invasive biopsy or resection/radiation following standard therapy completed within the past 26 weeks.
* Patients must be 18 years or older with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 - 2.
* Patients must have adequate bone marrow, kidney, liver, lung and cardiac function.
* Patients may not be on systemic immunosuppressive medications at time vaccinations commence.

Design:

* Following recovery from surgery, chemotherapy, or chemo/radiotherapy (XRT), patients with NED or MRD will be vaccinated via IM injection with H1299 cell lysates and Iscomatrix(TM) adjuvant monthly for 6 months.
* Vaccines will be administered with or without with metronomic oral cyclophosphamide and celecoxib.
* Systemic toxicities and immunologic response to therapy will be recorded. Pre and post vaccination serologic and cell mediated responses to a standard panel of CT antigens as well as autologous tumor cells (if available) and EBV-transformed lymphocytes will be assessed before and after vaccination.
* Numbers/percentages and function of T regulatory cells in peripheral blood will be assessed before, during, and after vaccinations.
* Patients will be followed in the clinic with routine staging scans until disease recurrence.
* The trial will randomize 28 evaluable patients per arm to either receive vaccine alone or vaccine plus chemotherapy in order to have 80% power to determine if the frequency of immune responses on the combination arm exceeds that of the vaccine alone arm, if the expected frequencies of immune responses on the two arms were 20% and 50%, using a one-sided 0.10 alpha level Fisher's exact test.
* Approximately 60 patients will be accrued to this trial.

Background:

During recent years, cancer-testis (CT) antigens (CTA), particularly those encoded by genes on the X chromosome (CT-X genes), have emerged as attractive targets for cancer immunotherapy. Whereas malignancies of diverse histologies express a variety of CTAs, immune responses to these proteins appear uncommon in cancer patients, possibly due to low-level, heterogeneous antigen expression, as well as immunosuppressive regulatory T cells present within tumor sites and systemic circulation of these individuals. Conceivably, vaccination of cancer patients with tumor cells expressing high levels of CTAs in combination with regimens that deplete or inhibit T regulatory cells will induce broad immunity to these antigens. In order to examine this issue, patients with primary lung and esophageal cancers, pleural mesotheliomas, thoracic sarcomas, thymic neoplasms and mediastinal germ cell tumors, as well as sarcomas, melanomas, germ cell tumors, or epithelial malignancies metastatic to lungs, pleura or mediastinum with no evidence of disease (NED) or minimal residual disease (MRD) following standard multidisciplinary therapy will be vaccinated with H1299 tumor cell lysates with Iscomatrix (Trademark) adjuvant. Vaccines will be administered with or without metronomic oral cyclophosphamide (50 mg by mouth (PO) twice a day (BID) x 7day (d) every (q) 14d), and celecoxib (400 mg PO BID). Serologic responses to a variety of recombinant CTAs as well as immunologic responses to autologous tumor or epigenetically modified autologous Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) transformed lymphocytes will be assessed before and after receiving 6 vaccines.

Primary Objectives:

-To assess the frequency of immunologic responses to CTAs in patients with thoracic malignancies following vaccinations with H1299 cell lysate/Iscomatrix (Trademark) vaccines alone in comparison to patients with thoracic malignancies following vaccinations with H1299 cell lysate/Iscomatrix (Trademark) vaccines in combination with metronomic cyclophosphamide and celecoxib.

Eligibility:

-Patients with histologically or cytologically proven small cell or non-small cell lung cancer (SCLC;NSCLC), esophageal cancer (EsC), malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), thymic or mediastinal germ cell tumors, thoracic sarcomas, or melanomas, sarcomas, or

epithelial malignancies metastatic to lungs, pleura or mediastinum who have no clinical evidence of active disease (NED), or minimal residual disease (MRD) not readily accessible by non-invasive biopsy or resection/radiation following standard therapy completed within the past 56 weeks.

* Patients must be 18 years or older with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 - 2.
* Patients must have adequate bone marrow, kidney, liver, lung and cardiac function.
* Patients may not be on systemic immunosuppressive medications at time vaccinations commence.

Design:

* Following recovery from surgery, chemotherapy, or chemo/XRT, patients with NED or MRD will be vaccinated via deep subcutaneous (SQ) injection with H1299 cell lysates and Iscomatrix (Trademark) adjuvant monthly until 6 vaccinations have been given.
* Vaccines will be administered with or without with metronomic oral cyclophosphamide and celecoxib.
* Systemic toxicities and immunologic response to therapy will be recorded. Pre and post vaccination serologic and cell mediated responses to a standard panel of CT antigens as well as autologous tumor cells (if available) and EBV-transformed lymphocytes will be assessed before and after vaccination.
* Numbers/percentages and function of T regulatory cells in peripheral blood will be assessed before, during, and after vaccinations.
* Patients will be followed in the clinic with routine staging scans until disease recurrence.
* The trial will randomize 28 evaluable patients per arm to either receive vaccine alone or vaccine plus chemotherapy in order to have 80% power to determine if the frequency of immune responses on the combination arm exceeds that of the vaccine alone arm, if the expected frequencies of immune responses on the two arms were 20% and 50%, using a one-sided 0.10 alpha level Fisher's exact test.
* Approximately 60 patients will be accrued to this trial.

Adjuvant Tumor Lysate Vaccine and Iscomatrix With or Without Metronomic Oral Cyclophosphamide and Celecoxib in Patients With Malignancies Involving Lungs, Esophagus, Pleura, or Mediastinum

The immunologic response to autologous tumor or epigenetically-modified autologous Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-transformed lymphocytes will be determined by the difference, or relative difference, in values (by percentage) of T-regulatory cells at the two timepoints. The percentage of T-regulatory cells will determine if oral cyclophosphamide and celecoxib therapy decreases the percentage of T cells on each Arm/Group.

Here is the number of participants with serious and non-serious adverse events assessed by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v4.0). A non-serious adverse event is any untoward medical occurrence. A serious adverse event is an adverse event or suspected adverse reaction that results in death, a life-threatening adverse drug experience, hospitalization, disruption of the ability to conduct normal life functions, congenital anomaly/birth defect or important medical events that jeopardize the patient or subject and may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the previous outcomes mentioned.

Immunologic responses are defined as an appearance of new serologic reactivity, or increase in existing antibody response to cancer-testis on the X chromosome (CT-X) antigen. Antigens such as New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1 (NY-ESO1) and melanoma antigen gene (MAGE) family members assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) one month after the 6th vaccine.

The Mann=Whitney U test was used to compare the fold change of intensity of PD-1 expression on Tregs between the two groups. A decrease in the fold change is consistent with a better outcome. The difference, or the relative difference, in the values at the two time points were obtained and tested to determine if the difference is equal to zero. If a paired t-test is able to be used, with at least 20 evaluable participants, there is 81% power to detect a change equal to ¾ of a standard deviation of the change at the two-sided 0.025 significance level. This was done in order to allow for a conservative adjustment due to determining the significance of the change in the percent of Tregs on two arms.

The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the fold change of percent Tregs between the two groups. A decrease in the fold change is consistent with a better outcome. The difference, or the relative difference, in the values at the two time points were obtained and tested to determine if the difference is equal to zero. If a paired t-test is able to be used, with at least 20 evaluable participants, there is 81% power to detect a change equal to ¾ of a standard deviation of the change at the two-sided 0.025 significance level. This was done in order to allow for a conservative adjustment due to determining the significance of the change in the percent of Tregs on two arms.

National Cancer Institute (NCI)

Principal Investigator

H1299 cell lysates with iscomatrix vaccine with metronomic chemotherapy

H1299 cell lysates: H1299 cell lysate with iscomatrix adjuvant vaccine via subcutaneous injections once every cycle (cycle=28 days) for 6 cycles total. Additional 2 injections for patients with immunologic response and no clinical evidence of active disease (NED).

Cyclophosphamide: 50 mg by mouth (PO) twice a day (BID) for 7 days prior to the first dose of vaccine and then on days 8 through 14, and 22 through 28 of each treatment cycle.

Celecoxib: 400 mg by mouth (PO) twice a day (BID) for 7 days prior to the first dose of vaccine and then on days 1 through 28 of each treatment cycle.

Iscomatrix adjuvant: H1299 cell lysate with iscomatrix adjuvant vaccine via subcutaneous injections once every cycle (cycle=28 days) for 6 cycles total. Additional 2 injections for patients with immunologic response and no clinical evidence of active disease (NED).

Cohort 1/Vaccine Plus Chemotherapy

H1299 cell lysates with iscomatrix adjuvant vaccine

H1299 cell lysates: H1299 cell lysate with iscomatrix adjuvant vaccine via subcutaneous injections once every cycle (cycle=28 days) for 6 cycles total. Additional 2 injections for patients with immunologic response and no clinical evidence of active disease (NED).

Iscomatrix adjuvant: H1299 cell lysate with iscomatrix adjuvant vaccine via subcutaneous injections once every cycle (cycle=28 days) for 6 cycles total. Additional 2 injections for patients with immunologic response and no clinical evidence of active disease (NED).

Cohort 2/Vaccine Alone

Total

Age, Categorical

Age, Continuous

Sex: Female, Male

Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)

Race (NIH/OMB)

United States

Region of Enrollment

Dr. David Schrump

Number of Participants With an Immunologic Responses

Fold Change From Baseline of Intensity of Programmed Cell Death Protein 1(PD-1) Expression on Tregs

Fold Change From Baseline of Percent Tregs

Baseline

End of treatment

This exploratory endpoint was not assessed because the trial was suspended after only 1/3rd of the total anticipated patient accrual.

Percentage of T Regulatory Cells at the Two Timepoints: Baseline and End of Treatment

Number of Participants With Serious and Non-serious Adverse Events Assessed by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v4.0)

Overall Study

Respiratory Tract (Lung and Bronchial) Diseases

Digestive System Diseases

Blood and Lymph Conditions

Lung Neoplasms

Esophageal Neoplasms

Mesothelioma

Mesothelioma, Malignant

Thymoma

Thymus Neoplasms

Respiratory Tract Neoplasms

Thoracic Neoplasms

Lung Diseases

Respiratory Tract Diseases

Gastrointestinal Neoplasms

Digestive System Neoplasms

Head and Neck Neoplasms

Gastrointestinal Diseases

Esophageal Diseases

Adenoma

Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial

Neoplasms, Mesothelial

Pleural Neoplasms

Lymphatic Diseases

Esophageal Cancer

Malignant Mesothelioma

Decitabine

400 mg PO BID for 7 days prior to cell administration and then on days 1 through 28 of each vaccine cycle.

Celebrex

A minimum of 1x10e7 and a maximum of 1x10e8 patient tumor cells that have been exposed to 1 mcM decitabine for 6 days, exposed to 100 Gy radiation and emulsified in 0.5 ml of the ISCOMATRIX adjuvant at a concentration of 180 ISCO units/mL administered IM every 4 weeks for 6 injections; if subject shows immune response, vaccine will be given every three months from months 9 - 24

Tumor cell vaccine

Background:

- Recent research has shown that causing an immune response to tumor cells may help slow or stop the growth of tumors. One treatment that has come from this research involves collecting and modifying a cancer patient's tumor cells in the laboratory, then returning the cells to the patient as a vaccine to encourage the immune system to respond to them. Researchers are interested in testing tumor cell vaccines with an experimental drug called ISCOMATRIX , which can be added to a vaccine in order to elicit a stronger immune response in the body. ISCOMATRIX has not been approved for sale and use in any country and its use is still experimental, though it has been tested and used safely in other clinical studies. Researchers are also interested in determining whether the anti-inflammatory drug celecoxib will improve the body's immune reaction if given with the vaccine.

Objectives:

- To assess the safety and effectiveness of tumor cell vaccines given with ISCOMATRIX and celecoxib in the treatment of lung and esophagus cancers.

Eligibility:

* Individuals at least 18 years of age who have primary small cell or non-small cell lung cancer, esophageal cancer, or pleural mesothelioma that can be removed by surgery.
* Only individuals whose tumor cells are able to produce a tumor cell line for vaccine development will be eligible for treatment.

Design:

* Participants will be screened with a physical examination and medical history, and will have tumor tissue collected during their surgery to determine whether the tumor cells can be used to produce a vaccine.
* Participants will take celecoxib twice daily for 7 days before having the first tumor cell vaccination. Participants will also have leukapheresis to collect blood cells for testing before the first vaccination.
* Participants will receive one vaccine (which may be given in two shots) monthly for 6 months, and will continue to take celecoxib twice daily. One month after the 6th vaccine shot, participants will have another leukapheresis and skin test. If these tests show that a participant is responding to the vaccine, additional vaccines will be given every 3 months for up to 2 years.
* Participants will have a physical exam and lab tests before each vaccination, blood samples and imaging studies every 3 months, and a skin test every 6 months.
* Participants will have regular followup visits with imaging studies and blood samples for up to 5 years after the first vaccination, or until a new tumor develops.

Background:

* Cancer-testis (CT) antigens have emerged as attractive targets for cancer immunotherapy. Whereas lung and esophageal cancers, thymic Neoplasms, primary thoracic sarcomas, as well as malignant pleural mesotheliomas express a variety of CT antigens, primary or vaccine-induced immune responses to these antigens appear uncommon in patients with these malignancies, possibly due to low-level, heterogeneous antigen expression, and inadequate vaccination strategies.
* Because numerous CT antigens can be induced in tumor cells by DNA demethylating agents and HDAC inhibitors, it is conceivable that vaccination of cancer patients with autologous tumor cells exposed to chromatin remodeling agents will enhance anti-tumor immunity in these individuals.
* In order to examine this issue, patients with resectable primary neoplasms involving the lungs, esophagus, or pleura will be vaccinated with autologous tumor cells exposed exvivo to decitabine and radiation following completion of appropriate combined modality therapy. Vaccine will be administered in conjunction with ISCOMATRIX adjuvant and oral celecoxib.

Primary Objective:

- To assess the safety of an epigenetically modified autologous tumor cell vaccine in conjunction with celecoxib.

Eligibility:

* Patients with histologically or cytologically proven or clinically evident primary pulmonary carcinoma or sarcoma, esophageal cancer, thymic carcinoma or malignant pleural mesothelioma undergoing resection of their neoplasms.
* Patients must be 18 years or older with an ECOG performance status of 0 2, with adequate pulmonary and cardiac function and laboratory values within normal limits.

Design:

* Patients with operable lung and esophageal carcinoma/sarcoma, thymoma, thymic carcinoma or malignant pleural mesothelioma will undergo resection of their malignancies at the NCI.
* Portions of the resected tumors will be transferred to the Thoracic Oncology Laboratory and cells will be processed to establish a cancer cell line.
* Following recovery from surgery and appropriate adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiation, patients will be vaccinated with epigenetically-modified autologous tumor cells periodically over 6 months in conjunction with oral celecoxib.
* Systemic toxicities and delayed type hypersensitivity responses to autologous tumor cells and serologic responses to a variety of CT antigens will be assessed before and after vaccination.
* Patients will be followed with routine staging scans until disease recurrence.
* As the exact set of comparisons and analyses to be performed will be determined following completion of the trial, and will be based on limited numbers of patients, the analyses will be considered exploratory and hypothesis generating rather than definitive.
* Approximately 120 patients will be accrued to this trial in order to obtain up to 30 evaluable patients.

Tumor Cell Vaccines With ISCOMATRIX Adjuvant and Celecoxib in Patients Undergoing Resection of Lung and Esophageal Cancers and Malignant Pleural Mesotheliomas

Epigenetically-Modified Autologous Tumor Cell Vaccines With ISCOMATRIX(TM) Adjuvant and Oral Celecoxib in Patients Undergoing Resection of Lung and Esophageal Cancers, Thymic Neoplasms, Thoracic Sarcomas, and Malignant Pleural Mesotheliomas

Study title	NCT ID	Conditions	Interventions	Eligibility	Organization
Adjuvant Tumor Lysate Vaccine and Iscomatrix With or Without Metronomic Oral Cyclophosphamide and Celecoxib in Patients With Malignancies Involving Lungs, Esophagus, Pleura, or Mediastinum	NCT02054104	Thoracic Sarcom... Thorasic Cancer... Cancers of Non-... Sarcoma Melanoma	H1299 cell lysa... Cyclophosphamid... Celecoxib Iscomatrix adju...	18 Years -	National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC)
Tumor Cell Vaccines With ISCOMATRIX Adjuvant and Celecoxib in Patients Undergoing Resection of Lung and Esophageal Cancers and Malignant Pleural Mesotheliomas	NCT01258868	Mesolthelioma Esophageal Canc... Lung Cancer Thoracic Sarcom... Thymoma	Celebrex Tumor cell vacc...	18 Years - 99 Years	National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC)
Adjuvant Tumor Lysate Vaccine and Iscomatrix With or Without Metronomic Oral Cyclophosphamide and Celecoxib in Patients With Malignancies Involving Lungs, Esophagus, Pleura, or Mediastinum	NCT02054104	Thoracic Sarcom... Thorasic Cancer... Cancers of Non-... Sarcoma Melanoma	H1299 cell lysa... Cyclophosphamid... Celecoxib Iscomatrix adju...	18 Years -	National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC)

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