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Paclitaxel

Carboplatin

Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel

Standard of care neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and esophagectomy

Chemotherapy: Carboplatin (AUC=2)x5 and Paclitaxel (50 mg/m(2))x5 for two cycles. Radiation: a total dose of 40.4 Gray (Gy) will be given in 23 fractions of 1.8 Gy, 5 fractions per week, starting the first day of the first cycle of chemotherapy.

Chemoradiotherapy

Minimally-invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) or traditional open approach if necessary.

Esophagectomy

Robert T Ripley

Background:

The number of patients with esophageal cancer keeps rising. For many patients, a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation is necessary to completely treat the disease. Usually, patients receive chemotherapy and radiation at the same time followed by surgery to remove the part of the esophagus with the tumor (Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT)). Researchers want to learn how to make this treatment more effective.

Objective:

To see if biopsies before treatment can show which patients will do the best with a combination of chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery.

Eligibility:

Adults at least 18 years old with esophageal adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma who should be treated with chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery.

Design:

Patients will undergo standard testing that is routine for all patients with this disease. These tests include:

Medical history

Physical exam with activity and nutritional assessment

Standard lab tests

Imaging studies including a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan and positron-emission tomography (PET) scan

Breathing test into a machine to measure size and function of lungs.

Biopsy for a small sample of tumor is removed by esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD): A tube inserted into the mouth under anesthesia

Endoscopic ultrasound is performed in some but not all patients.

Patients will have nCRT at the clinic or with their local doctor.

In 6 -12 weeks after nCRT, patients will undergo surgery with:

1. A robotically-assisted, minimally-invasive esophagectomy
2. Or, a traditional, open approach.

After surgery, patients are usually in the hospital for 2 weeks and have a feeding tube for at least 2 weeks and potentially longer until they are eating enough to not lose weight.

Patients will return for follow-up visits with labs and CAT scans every 6 months for the first two years then every year afterwards.

Background:

* The incidence of esophageal cancer continues to increase with an estimated 16,900 new cases and 15,700 deaths in 2016. Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is the dominant histology in the United States and accounts for the rising incidence; the incidence of esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) remains stable.
* Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) followed by esophagectomy is now a standard approach for locally advanced, operable esophageal cancer.
* A survival advantage compared to surgery alone was demonstrated in the phase III Chemo

Radiotherapy for Oesophageal cancer followed by Surgery Study (CROSS) trial.

* Patients who experience a pathological complete response (pCR) following neoadjuvant therapy are most likely to have long-term survival.
* Presently, accurate assessment of pathologic response requires esophagectomy. Positron-emissions tomography (fludeoxyglucose (FDG-PET)) and endoscopic evaluation with biopsies fail to detect cancer in a significant percentage of patients with residual disease following neoadjuvant therapy.
* Currently there are no validated tissue or serologic biomarkers which can be used to guide surgical management of esophageal cancer patients based on response to nCRT.

Primary Objective:

-To determine whether a metabolomic signature in tumor, blood, or urine or whether BH3 profiling of pre-neoadjuvant tumor biopsies correlates with the outcome of pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma.

Eligibility:

-Patients with locally-advanced, histologically confirmed EAC or ESCC who are candidates for nCRT and esophagectomy.

Design:

* Patients will receive standard of care nCRT either at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) or at referring institutions.
* Specimens of plasma, urine, and esophageal tumor with matched normal esophagus will be obtained before neoadjuvant therapy for metabolomic profiling and BH3 profiling.

Blood, urine, normal esophagus, and tumor (if present) will be obtained after neoadjuvant therapy.

* Patients will undergo an esophagectomy as a robotically-assisted, minimally-invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) or a traditional open approach for contraindications to minimally-invasive approaches or based on institutional expertise.
* Analysis will be performed to determine if pathological complete response (pCR) after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) correlates with pretreatment metabolomic signatures or BH3 profiling in tumor, blood or urine.
* Patients with EAC and ESCC will be evaluated independently.
* The accrual ceiling will be set to 120 patients for the entire study - 80 patients for EAC and 40 patients for ESCC to allow for unevaluable patients. The accrual is expected to be completed in 4 years.

Metabolomic and BH3 Profiling of Esophageal Cancers: Identification of Novel Assessment Methods of Treatment Response for Precision Therapy

Specimens of normal esophagus, esophageal tumors, blood, or urine will be analyzed to determine specific signatures and outcome of pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma. Response will be defined by the Mandard Score. Major response with no viable tumor (Grade 1) and \<10% viable tumor (Grade 2) versus non major response of \>10% viable tumor (Grade 3-5) as assessed by final pathology. Grade 1-2 is better survival than Grade 3-5.

Two tumor samples and two normal esophagus samples will be obtained for BH3 profiling of pre-neoadjuvant tumor biopsy and outcome of pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma. Response will be defined by the Mandard Score. Major response with no viable tumor (Grade 1) and \<10% viable tumor (Grade 2) versus non major response of \>10% viable tumor (Grade 3-5) as assessed by final pathology. Grade 1-2 is better survival than Grade 3-5.

Evaluation of metabolomic profiles and Bcl-2 homology domain-3 (BH-3) profiling in resectable esophageal adenocarcinomas (EAC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT)

Specimens of tumor, blood, or urine will be obtained to determine metabolomic signatures or BH3 profiling in tumor, blood, or urine of EAC and ESCC with major responses (Mandard score of 1 and 2) versus minimal response (Mandard score 3-5). Grade 1-2 is better survival than Grade 3-5.

One tumor sample and one normal esophagus sample will be obtained. p53 mutational analysis will be performed to determine mutational status and the metabolomic profiles .

Disease-free survival is defined as the appearance of any new lesion that is likely metastatic or locally-recurrent esophageal cancer and will be assessed from the time of esophagectomy until development of metastatic disease or death, whichever comes first

Overall survival is defined as the time from treatment start date until date of death or date last known alive.

National Cancer Institute (NCI)

Deputy Clinical Director

There were no adverse events recorded for the participants on this trial during the time frame noted above.

Standard of care neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and esophagectomy

Chemoradiotherapy: Chemotherapy: Carboplatin (AUC=2)x5 and Paclitaxel (50 mg/m(2))x5 for two cycles. Radiation: a total dose of 40.4 Gray (Gy) will be given in 23 fractions of 1.8 Gy, 5 fractions per week, starting the first day of the first cycle of chemotherapy.

Esophagectomy: Minimally-invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) or traditional open approach if necessary.

Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy and Esophagectomy

Age, Categorical

Age, Continuous

Sex: Female, Male

Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)

Race (NIH/OMB)

United States

Region of Enrollment

Caryn Steakley

Neither patient enrolled in the trial underwent resection based on post neoadjuvant therapy assessment of resectability. These patients were initially deemed potentially resectable prior to neoadjuvant therapy, but their course deviated from the initial plans. Therefore, the primary endpoint cannot be assessed.

Metabolomic Signature in Tumor, Blood, or Urine and Outcome of Pathological Complete Response After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Patients With Esophageal Adenocarcinoma or Squamous Cell Carcinoma

BH3 Profiling of Pre-neoadjuvant Tumor Biopsy and Outcome of Pathological Complete Response After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Patients With Esophageal Adenocarcinoma or Squamous Cell Carcinoma

This outcome measure was not done. Neither patient enrolled in the trial underwent resection based on post neoadjuvant therapy assessment of resectability. These patients were initially deemed potentially resectable prior to neoadjuvant therapy, but their course deviated from the initial plans.

Metabolomic Profiles and B-cell Lymphoma (Bcl-2) Homology Domain-3 (BH-3) Profiling in Resectable Esophageal Adenocarcinomas (EAC) and Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy (nCRT)

Metabolomic Signatures or BH3 Profiling in Tumor, Blood, or Urine of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma (EAC) and Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) With Major Responses (Mandard Score of 1 and 2) Versus Minimal Response (Mandard Score 3-5)

Tumor Protein 53 (p53) Mutational Status and the Metabolomic Profiles

This outcome measure was not done because one patient was deemed to be unsafe/unfit for surgery by the doctor. And the second patient was taken off-study prior to surgery because the principal investigator left the National Institutes of Health and closed the trial.

Disease-free Survival in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma (EAC) and Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and Esophagectomy

Overall Survival (OS) in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma (EAC) and Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and Esophagectomy

Spots Global Cancer Trial Database for tissue or serologic biomarkers