Neoplasms

All Conditions

Mouth and Tooth Diseases

Ear, Nose, and Throat Diseases

Carcinoma

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell

Oropharyngeal Neoplasms

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck

Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial

Neoplasms by Histologic Type

Neoplasms, Squamous Cell

Pharyngeal Neoplasms

Otorhinolaryngologic Neoplasms

Head and Neck Neoplasms

Pharyngeal Diseases

Stomatognathic Diseases

Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases

Antineoplastic Agents

All Drugs and Chemicals

Anti-Infective Agents

Nivolumab

Fluorides

Fluorodeoxyglucose F18

Cisplatin

Immunomodulating Agents

Deoxyglucose

Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Radiopharmaceuticals

Antimetabolites

Antiviral Agents

Patients undergo IMRT or IGRT over 6 fractions per week and receive cisplatin IV over 30-60 minutes on days 1 and 22. Treatment continues for 6 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients receive FDG and undergo PET/CT or CT during screening and during follow up, and undergo MRI during follow up. Patients may also undergo tissue biopsy and blood sample collection throughout the study.

Patients undergo reduced dose IMRT or IGRT QD over 5 fractions per week and receive cisplatin IV over 30-60 minutes on days 1 and 22. Treatment continues for 6 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients receive FDG and undergo PET/CT or CT during screening and during follow up, and undergo MRI during follow up. Patients may also undergo tissue biopsy and blood sample collection throughout the study.

Beginning 1 week prior to radiation, patients receive nivolumab IV over 30 minutes on day 1. Treatment repeats every 2 weeks (14 days) for up to 6 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients also undergo reduced dose IMRT or IGRT over 6 fractions per week for 5 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients receive FDG and undergo PET/CT or CT during screening and during follow up, and undergo MRI during follow up. Patients may also undergo tissue biopsy and blood sample collection throughout the study.

Biopsy

Biospecimen Collection

Computed Tomography

Fludeoxyglucose F-18

Image Guided Radiation Therapy

Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Positron Emission Tomography

Quality-of-Life Assessment

Questionnaire Administration

Sue S Yom

This phase II/III trial studies how well a reduced dose of radiation therapy works with nivolumab compared to cisplatin in treating patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal cancer that is early in its growth and may not have spread to other parts of the body (early-stage), and is not associated with smoking. Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays to kill tumor cells and shrink tumors. Chemotherapy drugs, such as cisplatin, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. Immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies, such as nivolumab, may help the body's immune system attack the cancer, and may interfere with the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread. This trial is being done to see if a reduced dose of radiation therapy and nivolumab works as well as standard dose radiation therapy and cisplatin in treating patients with oropharyngeal cancer.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To demonstrate non-inferiority in terms of progression-free survival (PFS) of concurrent reduced-dose radiation therapy (RT) with cisplatin or concurrent reduced-dose radiation therapy with nivolumab to the current standard of care (standard-dose RT with cisplatin). (Phase II) (Arm 2 \[concurrent reduced-dose RT with cisplatin\] was dropped after interim futility analysis in phase II.) II. To demonstrate non-inferiority in terms of progression-free survival (PFS) of concurrent reduced-dose radiation therapy (RT) with nivolumab to the current standard of care (standard-dose RT with cisplatin). (Phase II) III. To demonstrate co-primary endpoints of non-inferiority of PFS and superiority of quality of life (QOL) as measured by the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) of concurrent reduced-dose radiation with cisplatin or concurrent reduced-dose radiation with nivolumab to the current standard of care (standard-dose RT with cisplatin). (Phase III) (Arm 2 \[concurrent reduced-dose RT with cisplatin\] was dropped after interim futility analysis in phase II.) IV. To demonstrate co-primary endpoints of non-inferiority of PFS and superiority of quality of life (QOL) as measured by the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory \[MDADI\] of concurrent reduced-dose radiation with nivolumab to the current standard of care (standard-dose RT with cisplatin). (Phase III)

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To compare patterns of failure (local and regional relapse versus distant) and overall survival between the experimental arm and the control arm.

II. To assess long term PFS, overall survival, and toxicity between the experimental arm and the control arm.

III. To determine acute and late toxicity profiles as measured by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE).

IV. To explore the symptomatic adverse events (AEs) for tolerability of each treatment arm as measured by the Patient-Reported Outcomes (PRO)-CTCAE.

V. To compare changes in patient-reported outcomes (Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults-Screening \[HHIA-S\], European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer \[EORTC\]-Quality of Life Questionnaire \[QLQ\]30) between the experimental arm and the control arm.

VI. To assess the association of fludeoxyglucose F-18 (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) at baseline with locoregional control and PFS.

VII. To estimate the negative predictive value of the 12-14 weeks post-radiation therapy (RT) FDG-PET/CT in terms of locoregional control rates and PFS rates at 1 and 2 years.

EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES:

I. To collect blood and tissue specimens for future translation research. II. To optimize radiotherapy treatment plan quality assurance methodology for radiotherapy planning and imaging.

III. To compare changes in patient-reported outcomes (European Quality of Life Five Dimension Five Level Scale \[EQ-5D-5L\]) between the experimental arm and the control arm.

IV. To collect Modified Barium Swallow (MBS) data for future review and analysis.

OUTLINE:

PHASE II: Patients are randomized to 1 of 3 arms.

ARM I: Patients undergo intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) or image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) over 6 fractions per week and receive cisplatin intravenously (IV) over 30-60 minutes on days 1 and 22. Treatment continues for 6 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients receive fludeoxyglucose F-18 (FDG) and undergo positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) or CT during screening and during follow up, and undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during follow up. Patients may also undergo tissue biopsy and blood sample collection throughout the study.

ARM II (CLOSED TO ACCRUAL 03-FEB-2023): Patients undergo reduced dose IMRT or IGRT once daily (QD) over 5 fractions per week and receive cisplatin IV over 30-60 minutes on days 1 and 22. Treatment continues for 6 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients receive FDG and undergo PET/CT or CT during screening and during follow up, and undergo MRI during follow up. Patients may also undergo tissue biopsy and blood sample collection throughout the study.

ARM III: Beginning 1 week prior to radiation, patients receive nivolumab IV over 30 minutes on day 1. Treatment repeats every 2 weeks (14 days) for up to 6 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients also undergo reduced dose IMRT or IGRT over 6 fractions per week for 5 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients receive FDG and undergo PET/CT or CT during screening and during follow up, and undergo MRI during follow up. Patients may also undergo tissue biopsy and blood sample collection throughout the study.

PHASE III: Patients are randomized to Arm I and/or Arm III.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up at 12-14 weeks, every 3 months for 2 years, every 6 months for 3 years, and then annually thereafter.

De-intensified Radiation Therapy With Chemotherapy (Cisplatin) or Immunotherapy (Nivolumab) in Treating Patients With Early-Stage, HPV-Positive, Non-Smoking Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer

A Randomized Phase II/III Trial of De-Intensified Radiation Therapy for Patients With Early-Stage, P16-Positive, Non-Smoking Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer

NCI is committed to sharing data in accordance with NIH policy. For more details on how clinical trial data is shared, access the link to the NIH data sharing policy page

Measured by EuroQol-5 Dimensional- 5 Level (EQ-5D-5L).

Measured by a Modified Barium Swallow (MBS) test. The proportion of aspiration for each arm will be estimated assuming a binomial distribution and between arm comparison will be performed using a Fisher's exact test.

Locoregional control rates will be compared between negative and positive/undetermined patients. Cox proportional hazards models will be used to determine whether there are differences between these two groups, while adjusting for treatment arm and other covariates (cause-specific Cox models for locoregional failure).

PFS rates will be compared between negative and positive/undetermined patients. Cox proportional hazards models will be used to determine whether there are differences between these two groups, while adjusting for treatment arm and other covariates (cause-specific Cox models for locoregional failure).

Will be estimated for all treatment arms using the Kaplan-Meier method (1958). The primary phase IIR endpoint will be tested using a confidence interval (CI) approach.

Will be estimated for all treatment arms using the Kaplan-Meier method (1958). The co-primary phase III endpoint will be tested using a confidence interval (CI) approach.

Measured by the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) global quality of life (QOL) score. Will be compared between arms using a two-sample independent t-test at a one-sided significance level of 0.05 for each experimental arm comparison. MDADI global score and change from baseline will be summarized using mean and standard deviation at each time point for each arm.

The cumulative incidence estimator will be used to estimate time to event distributions for locoregional failure between arm differences tested using cause-specific log-rank test.

Will be estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and treatment arms compared using the log-rank test (Kaplan 1958).

Measured by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). Adverse events (AEs) will be graded using CTCAE version (v)5.0. Counts of all AEs by grade will be provided by treatment arm. Counts and frequencies will be provided for the worst grade AE experienced by the patient by treatment arm. The number of patients with at least 1 grade 3 or higher AE will be compared between the treatment arms. A comparison between treatment arms of grade 3 and higher AEs related to treatment will also be tested. A comparison of grade 3 and higher events will be compared between treatment arms. All comparisons will be tested using a Chi-Square test, or Fisher's exact test if cell frequencies are \< 5, with a significance level of 0.05.

Measured as Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults-Screening (HHIA-S).

Measured by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)-Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ)30.

The negative predictive value of FDG-PET/CT for locoregional control will be estimated using binomial proportions and confidence intervals based on normal approximation.

The negative predictive value of FDG-PET/CT PFS will be estimated using binomial proportions and confidence intervals based on normal approximation.

Measured using Patient-Reported Outcomes (PRO)-CTCAE. For each symptom, counts and frequencies will be provided for the worst score experienced by the patient by treatment arm. The proportion of patients with scores \>= 1 and \>= 3 will be compared between groups using a Chi-square test, or Fisher's exact test if cell frequencies are \< 5, using a significance level of 0.05. Analysis of changes in patient reported outcomes over time will analyzed by fitting generalized estimating equations (GEE) models using a logit link (dichotomizing the symptom scores as 0 vs. \> 1 and 0-2 vs. 3-4) with time of assessment, treatment arm, and treatment-by-time interaction terms in the model.

Spots Global Cancer Trial Database for papillary squamous cell carcinoma